Somkid Jatusripitak

Somkid Jatusripitak (Thai: สมคิด จาตุศรีพิทักษ์, RTGS: Somkhit Chatusiphithak, Chinese: 曾汉光;^[1] born 15 July 1953) is a Thai economist, business theorist, and politician.

Somkid Jatusripitak
สมคิด จาตุศรีพิทักษ์
Somkid Jatusripitak in 2006
Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand
In office 20 August 2015 – 14 July 2020
Prime Minister	Prayut Chan-o-cha
In office 11 March 2005 – 19 September 2006
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
In office 8 February 2003 – 10 March 2004
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
In office 9 October 2001 – 3 October 2002
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
Minister of Finance
In office 10 March 2004 – 2 August 2005
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
Preceded by	Suchart Chaovisith
Succeeded by	Thanong Bidaya
In office 17 February 2001 – 8 February 2003
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
Preceded by	Tarin Nimmanahaeminda
Succeeded by	Suchart Chaovisith
Minister of Commerce
In office 3 August 2005 – 19 September 2006
Prime Minister	Thaksin Shinawatra
Preceded by	Thanong Bidaya
Succeeded by	Krirk-krai Jirapaet
Personal details
Born	(1953-07-15) 15 July 1953 (age 71) Bangkok, Thailand
Political party	Sang Anakot Thai (2022-present)
Other political affiliations	Thai Rak Thai (1998-2007) Chart Pattana (2007-2011) Palang Pracharath (2018-2020)
Spouse	Aruratchani Jatusripitak
Alma mater	Thammasat University NIDA Northwestern University
Profession	Economist politician
Signature

A mentee of Philip Kotler, he has (co-)authored books on competitiveness and taught marketing at Thai universities. He was a co-founder and leader of the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) and was mainly responsible for developing the party's progressive and reformist economic and social platform. After the party's electoral victory, he served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Commerce in Thaksin Shinawatra's government. Following the coup d'état in 2006, the junta chose him as an economic envoy, advocating the royally-endorsed "self-sufficiency" economic agenda.

As one of 111 executive members of the TRT, he was banned from political activities for five years after the 2006 coup d'état.^[2]

After another military coup in 2014, he served as the junta's advisor on foreign economic relations. Since September 2014 he has been a full member of the so-called National Council for Peace and Order.

Early life

Somkid was born in Bangkok's Chinatown and grew up in a large, but modest Thai Chinese (Teochew) family, one of 10 children.^[3][4] His great-great-grandfather immigrated from China during the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor^[5] (early 19th century). Despite being born and raised in Thailand, Somkid still speaks Thai with a strong Chinese accent.^[6][7] One of his older brothers, Som Jatusripitak later became president of Siam City Bank and Commerce Minister in Chavalit Yongchaiyudh's government.^[8]

His wife, Anurachanee Jatusripitak, teaches at Chulalongkorn University. They have three children.^{[citation needed]}

Education and academic career

Somkid went to Triam Udom Suksa School and graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University in 1972. Later, he completed an MBA in Finance from the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School), National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) and a Ph.D. in marketing from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

After graduating, he joined a teaching position and became associate professor in marketing at the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School). He also served as an Associate Dean at NIDA Business School. Somkid's thinking was greatly influenced by Michael Porter's "Competitiveness of Nations". He focused much of his academic research on the development of national and business competitiveness. Along with his mentor Philip Kotler, he was a strong supporter of the concept of Nation Branding. In 1997, Somkid co-authored "The Marketing of Nations: A Strategic Approach to Building National Wealth" with Philip Kotler. The book outlined how countries could improve their competitiveness through marketing and appropriate policies to support it.^[3] Somkid's book, Borisat Prathet Thai ("Thailand Inc: Concepts and Strategy"), stressed how Thailand should use marketing to improve its competitiveness.

Business career

Somkid was a co-founder of the Manager Media Group, along with Sondhi Limthongkul.^[9] He played a role in the establishment of the Phatra Research Institute.^[3] He became a Director of the Saha Pattanapibul Group, a major Thai consumer goods conglomerate. He was appointed to become Advisor of the Stock Exchange of Thailand, Director of PTTEP, and Director of the Petroleum Authority of Thailand.

Political career

Advisor to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra

Somkid became secretary to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra under Banharn Silpa-Archa's government (1995–96).

Advisor to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya

Somkid became secretary to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya under Chavalit Yongchaiyudh's government (1996–97).

Founding of the Thai Rak Thai Party

Somkid was one of the co-founders of the Thai Rak Thai party in 1998, along with party leader Thaksin Shinawatra. His senior stature in the party was apparent from his no. 3 position in the TRT's 2001 election party list, behind Thaksin Shinawatra and Purachai Piemsomboon.

Somkid has been called "the man behind Thaksinomics",^[10] and was the mastermind of the populist policies that helped propel the Thai Rak Thai party to a landslide election victory in 2001. The TRT "won by embracing populism on a grand scale," said the Far Eastern Economic Review. Somkid's chief policy innovations included the universal healthcare program, 1 million THB development funds for each of Thailand's 70,000 villages, a 3-year loan freeze for farmers, fast-track privatization of state enterprises, and a national asset management corporation (AMC) to buy up the $20 billion in bad debt carried by Thai banks.^[11][12]

Somkid also pioneered the TRT party's rural small and medium enterprise (SME) policy. Noting that agriculture remains the most important economic sector, employing 60-70% of the Thai population, the economic challenge was to develop the agricultural sector and link it with the modern sector.^[8] This became one of the founding principles of the Thaksin government's popular One Tambon One Product (OTOP) program.

At the time, The Nation newspaper exclaimed that these policies "amount to a revolution in Thai public policy".^[13]

Minister in Thaksin's government

From the TRT's landslide election win of 2001, Somkid was a core member of Thakin's economic inner cabinet - starting off as Finance Minister and then becoming Commerce Minister.

Finance Minister

In his term as Finance Minister (February 2001 to February 2003), Somkid

• oversaw a management reshuffle at state-owned Thai Airways International
• led the establishment of the national asset management corporation (AMC)
• supported the controversial restructuring of Prachai Leophai-ratana's Thai Petrochemical Industry (TPI)^[14]
• In 2002, Somkid established the village fund program. This program gave each of Thailand's 70,000 villages a self-managed fund of 1 million THB (approx. US$25,000), to be used for grassroots social and economic investments.

Commerce Minister

In his term as Commerce Minister (August 2005 to September 2006), Somkid

• oversaw the recovery of tourism industry in the Andaman coast after the tsunami of 2004
• agreed to draw up a comprehensive road map for increasing trade, investment and cooperation with the United Kingdom^[15]
• boosted Board of Investment incentives in three target sectors - electronics, petrochemicals and vehicle tyres^[16]

During the anti-Thaksin demonstrations of 2005-2006, Thaksin noted that Somkid was one of four individuals who might succeed him as Prime Minister if he stepped down.

In March 2006, during the height of the anti-Thaksin protests, Somkid underwent balloon angioplasty surgery to relieve a blood clot in an artery near his heart.^[17]

After Thaksin Shinawatra's announcement that he would not accept the Premiership from Parliament after the April 2006 elections, Somkid was widely seen as a potential replacement. In a poll of businessmen, 57% said Somkid was the most suitable candidate for new premier. The next highest TRT politician was Bhokin Bhalakula, who received only 12%.^[18] Soon later, a broad coalition of TRT factions, including Wang Nam Yom (130 MPs), Rim Nam (15 MPs), Lamtakong (7 MPs), Wang Phya Nag (10 MPs), Chon Buri (7 MPs) and the Central provinces (10 MPs) decided to push for Somkid Jatusripitak as the next prime minister.^[19]

Aftermath of the 2006 coup

The Thai military staged a successful coup against the Thaksin government on 19 September 2006. At the time, Somkid was in Paris, attending the Thai-France Cultural Exhibition with Princess Sirindhorn and Foreign Minister Kantathi Supamongkhon. On 21 September 2006 arrived back to Bangkok.^[20] Unlike several other senior members of Thaksin's Cabinet, he was not arrested by the junta. Somkid kept a low profile, until on 2 October 2006 he resigned from the Thai Rak Thai Party, along with Thaksin Shinawatra.^[21][22]

He continued to lead a low profile, until in February 2007, he was appointed head of a government committee charged with "preaching" King Bhumibol's self-sufficient economy policy. The appointment provoked great controversy, as critics claimed that the populist economics czar had no role promoting self-sufficiency.^[23][24] Somkid appointment was supported by General Saprang Kalyanamitr, a powerful member of the junta, and Sondhi Limthongkul of the People's Alliance for Democracy, a long-time colleague of Somkid's. Somkid later decided to resign from the committee, which was then dissolved. Somkid's long-time rival, Finance Minister Pridiyathorn Devakula volunteered to help perform the committee's role, and denied any role in Somkid's resignation.^[25]

In early May 2007, a group of former elected senators said they were ready to support Somkid in forming a new political party, the so-called Dharma Thippatai group. Among those included Suraporn Danaitangtrakoon, Anek Laothamatas (former leader of the Mahachon Party), and former Thai Rak Thai members Suranand Vejjajiva and Pimol Srivikorn.^[26] On 26 June 2007, they founded Ruam Jai Thai. However, on 30 May 2007 the Constitutional Tribunal had produced a verdict, barring all 111 former executive members of Thai Rak Thai Party, including Somkid, from holding political office for five years.^[27]

In 2012, Somkid founded the Thailand Future Study Institute, a think tank which is sponsored by major Thai business corporations and seeks to provide research and consulting to public bodies and private sector.^[27]

Advisor and member of the 2014 junta

Deputy Prime Minister Somkid Jatusripitak with President Rodrigo Duterte at the Royal Thai Air Force Air Terminal in Bangkok in 2017

After the 22 May 2014 coup d'état, the junta—which calls itself National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO)—appointed Somkid member of its "advisory board" in charge of foreign economic relations, especially with Asian countries China and Japan.^[28][29] On 16 September Somkid—as one of two civilians— was appointed as a member of the NCPO.^[30]

After leaving the cabinet

Following his departure from the junta cabinet in 2020, Jatusripitak joined the recently formed Sang Anganot Thai (Building Thailand's Future) party founded by former fellow ministers Sontirat Sontijirawong and Uttama Savanayana, and agreed to be its prime ministerial nominee should the party win no less than 25 seats in the upcoming general election.^[31]

Selected works

• (co-authored with Philip Kotler and Liam Fahey). The New Competition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. 1985. ISBN 0136120784.
• The Exporting Behavior of Manufacturing Firms. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press. 1986. ISBN 0835717232.
• (co-authored with Philip Kotler and Suvit Maesincee). The Marketing of Nations: A strategic approach to building national wealth. New York: Free Press. 1997. ISBN 068483488X.

Notes

1. 他信赴潮寻根颂奇回汕祭祖 Archived May 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
2. "การกลับมาของบ้านเลขที่ 111 ไม่มีอะไรเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ "หลังฉาก"". Siam Intelligence. 5 June 2012.
3. Somkid promises he'll do it his way
4. YaleGlobal^{[permanent dead link‍]}
5. 泰国副总理颂奇回汕省亲祭祖 林木声黄志光等前往机场迎接 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
6. Pasuk Phongpaichit; Chris Baker (2004). Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand. Copenhagen: NIAS Press. pp. 169–170.
7. Chang Noi (3 March 2003). "The culture of PM Thaksin". The Nation.
8. 05182000 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
9. Bangkok's Independent Newspaper Archived March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
10. ^{[dead link‍]}
11. Asiaweek.com | On The Hot Seat | 2/3/2001 Archived December 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
12. Duncan McCargo; Ukrist Pathmanand (2005). The Thaksinization of Thailand. Copenhagen: NIAS Press. pp. 97–98.
13. Somkid - who else could it be? Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
14. Bangkok Post, Chinese conglomerate said to seek majority stake in TPI Archived May 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, 27 May 2005
15. Bangkok's Independent Newspaper Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
16. BoI okays additional incentives for investors Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
17. IHT ThaiDay - Manager Online Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
18. Businessmen put Somkid in box seat Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
19. Somkid takes an early lead in race to become prime minister Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
20. The Nation. "Bangkok's Independent Newspaper". Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2014-09-22., Somkid arrives at Don Muang
21. The Nation, Oct. 2, 2006 Thaksin resigns from Thai Rak Thai Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
22. The Nation, Oct. 2, 2006 Somkid resigns from Thai Rak Thai Party Archived October 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
23. The Nation, More flak over role for Somkid Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, 18 February 2007
24. The Nation, Banharn criticises Surayud for appointing Somkid as economic envoy Archived December 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, 18 February 2007
25. Bangkok Post, Pridiyathorn: No need to replace Somkid Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, 21 February 2007
26. The Nation, Former senators-elect back Somkid Archived March 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, 10 May 2007
27. Jon Fernquest (30 July 2012). "Institute, not politics, now Somkid's focus". Bangkok Post.
28. "Prawit, Somkid, Pridiyathorn named advisers". Bangkok Post. 27 May 2014.
29. "NCPO lays out stages to next poll". Bangkok Post. 29 May 2014.
30. "Somkid, Meechai sit on NCPO". Bangkok Post. 16 September 2014.
31. "New party asserts anti-Prayut stance". Bangkok Post.