Billardiera

For the plant genus described by Vahl, see Coussarea.

For the plant genus described by Moench, see Verbena.

Billardiera, commonly known as appleberries, snot berries, or bluebell creepers,^[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family, Pittosporaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or twiners with elliptic, lance-shaped or linear leaves arranged alternately along the stems, the flowers with petals that are joined to form a tube at the base with spreading lobes, and succulent or fleshy fruit.

Billardiera
Billardiera scandens, fruit - Lawson, NSW
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Pittosporaceae
Genus:	Billardiera Sm.[1]
Species
See text
Synonyms[1]
List Billarderia Spreng. orth. var. Billardiera sect. Billardieriopsis Pax Billardiera sect. Eubillardiera Pax nom. inval. Billardiera ser. Uniloculares E.M.Benn. Billardierea T.Post & Kuntze orth. var. Labillardiera Schult. nom. illeg., nom. superfl. Pronaya Hügel ex Endl. Sollya Lindl.

Description

Plants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or undershrubs with twining branches up to several metres long. The leaves are simple, elliptic, lance-shaped or linear and arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers are arranged singly or in cymes on the ends of branches and are greenish-yellow to cream-coloured, purple or blue, the sepals free from each other. The five petals are much longer than the sepals, sometimes free from each other, or joined at the base to form a tube with spreading lobes. The stamens are free from each other, but sometimes have their anthers joined at the tip, encircling the style. The fruit is a succulent or fleshy, variously shaped berry containing many seeds.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]}

Taxonomy

The genus Billardiera was first formally described in 1793 by James Edward Smith in his book A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland, and the first species he described (the type species) was Billardiera scandens.^[8][9] The name, Billardiera honours Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière.^[9]

Species list

The following is a list of species of Billardiera accepted by the Australian Plant Census as of May 2023:^[10]

• Billardiera coriacea Benth. (W.A.)
• Billardiera cymosa F.Muell. (S.A., Vic.)
• Billardiera drummondii (C.Morren) L.Cayzer & Crisp (W.A.)
• Billardiera floribunda (Putt.) F.Muell. – white-flowered billardiera (W.A.)
• Billardiera fraseri (Hook.) L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford – elegant pronaya (W.A.)
• Billardiera fusiformis Labill. – Australian bluebell (Vic., W.A.)
• Billardiera heterophylla (Lindl.) L.W.Cayzer & Crisp – bluebell creeper, purple appleberry, Australian bluebell (W.A.)
• Billardiera laxiflora (Benth.) E.M.Benn. (W.A.)
• Billardiera lehmanniana F.Muell. (W.A.)
• Billardiera longiflora Labill. (Tas.)
• Billardiera macrantha Hook.f. (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
• Billardiera mutabilis Salisb. – climbing appleberry (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
• Billardiera nesophila L.W.Cayzer & D.L.Jones (Tas.)
• Billardiera ovalis Lindl. (Tas.)
• Billardiera rubens L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford (Qld., N.S.W.)
• Billardiera scandens Sm. - hairy appleberry (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
• Billardiera sericophora F.Muell. (S.A.)
• Billardiera speciosa (Endl.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
• Billardiera uniflora E.M.Benn. (S.A.)
• Billardiera variifolia DC. (W.A.)
• Billardiera venusta (Putt.) L.W.Cayzer & Crisp (W.A.)
• Billardiera versicolor F.Muell. ex Klatt – pale appleberry (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
• Billardiera viridiflora L.W.Cayzer & D.L.Jones (Tas.)

References

1. "Billardiera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
2. "Billardiera". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
3. Makinson, Robert O. "Genus Billardiera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
4. Walsh, Neville G.; Albrecht, David E. "Billardiera". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
5. "Billardiera". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
6. "Billardiera". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
7. Cayzer, Lindy W.; Crisp, Michael D.; Telford, Ian R. H. (2004). "Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (1): 83–125. doi:10.1071/SB03028.
8. "Billardiera". APNI. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
9. Smith, James E. (1793). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. Vol. Botany. London: James Sowerby. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
10. "Billardiera". AustralianPlant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.