Simon Kaloa Kaʻai

Simon Kaloa Kaʻai (died March 22, 1884) was a politician who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served multiple terms as a legislator from the island of Hawaii, Minister of Finance from 1878 to 1880 and from 1882 to 1883 and Minister of the Interior in 1882.

Simon Kaloa Kaʻai
Vice President of the Legislative Assembly
In office February 12, 1874 – August 8, 1874
Preceded by	David Howard Hitchcock, Sr.
Succeeded by	Luther Aholo
Kingdom of Hawaii Minister of Finance
In office July 3, 1878 – August 14, 1880
Preceded by	John Mākini Kapena
Succeeded by	Moses Kuaea
In office August 8, 1882 – February 13, 1883
Preceded by	John E. Bush
Succeeded by	John Mākini Kapena
Kingdom of Hawaii Minister of the Interior
In office May 20, 1882 – August 8, 1882
Preceded by	Henry A. P. Carter
Succeeded by	John E. Bush
Personal details
Died	March 22, 1884 Honolulu, Oahu, Kingdom of Hawaii
Resting place	Kawaiahaʻo Church
Nationality	Kingdom of Hawaii
Spouse(s)	first wife Becky Kekoa Kaʻai
Children	Ernest Kaʻai

Life and career

He was born at Keopu, Kailua, North Kona, on the island of Hawaii, the son of Kaʻai (died 1859) and Kaupena.^[1][2] His father was from Waikapu, on the island of Maui, and served as a servant at Pohukaina to Prince Lunalilo, who would reign as king from 1873 to 1874. His paternal uncle was named Methuselah Mahuka (died 1881).^[2] The younger Kaʻai was educated at schools in Wailuku. He served as turnkey or under-jailer for Oahu Prison before moving back to Hawaii Island where he served as deputy sheriff of Kona in the late 1860s.^[3] He was given many political appointments including marriage license agent for Hawaii on July 8, 1869, tax assessor for Waialua, Oahu on June 19, 1877, and a member of the Board of Health on July 3, 1878.^[4] He also served as an agent of the estate of Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani.^[1][5][6]

Kaʻai began his legislative career as a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the legislature of the kingdom, for the district of South Kona. He sat as a representative during the legislative assemblies from 1870 to 1874. During the special session and regular session of 1874, he presided as Vice President of the Legislative Assembly. After the accession of King Kalākaua to the Hawaiian throne, Kaʻai switched his former loyalty from the defeated Queen Emma and became a supporter of the new monarch. Kalākaua appointed him to the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, on January 11, 1876, and as a member of his Privy Council of State on December 10, 1877. Kaʻai would serve as either a noble or cabinet minister^{[note 1]} from 1876 to his death in 1884.^[3][7][8]

Kaʻai was a leading figure of a new generation of Hawaiian leaders, along with Prince Leleiohoku II (the brother of the king) and John Mākini Kapena. The king appointed him to succeed Kapena as Minister of Finance from July 3, 1878 to August 14, 1880. From May 20, 1882 to August 8, 1882, he served as Minister of the Interior. He was appointed as Minister of Finance for a second term from August 8, 1882 to February 13, 1883.^[4][9][10] An avid supporter of the absolute power of the king, Kaʻai once stated at a public meeting in 1880 after his first dismissal from the cabinet that "the King has the absolute right to make and unmake cabinets, and that no one has the right to object or criticize no matter what he does or how he does it."^[3][11] Historian Ralph Simpson Kuykendall notes, "This statement is of great interest, for it contains the very essence of one side of the constitutional controversy that raged in Hawaii for the next dozen years."^[11] Kaʻai was dismissed from his second term as minister on February 13, 1883. The reason cited was for "dereliction of ministerial duty" with American ambassador Rollin M. Daggett writing, he was dismissed "because of his notorious and persistent intemperance." Kapena was appointed Minister of Finance in his place.^{[3][12][13][14]}

Death

Kaʻai died from a "paralysis of the brain",^{[note 2]} at his residence in Kapālama, on March 22, 1884. His funeral the following day was officiated by Reverend Henry Hodges Parker while many members of the government paid their respect to his passing. He was interred beside his first wife in the cemetery of Kawaiahaʻo Church.^[16][17][18] He left a widow Becky Kekoa Kaʻai (1863?–1903), his second wife, and a surviving son Ernest Kaʻai who became a renowned musician and "Hawaii's Greatest Ukulele Player".^{[19][20][21][22]}

Notes

1. Appointed cabinet ministers had the right to participate as ex-officio members of the legislature, as nobles.
2. Later sources claimed Kaʻai "drank himself to death"^[15].

References

Citations

1. Ko Hawaii Paeaina 1884.
2. Hawaii Supreme Court & Foster 1887, pp. 354–357.
3. Kaeo & Queen Emma 1976, p. 191.
4. Hawaii state office record.
5. Kanahele 1999, p. 343.
6. Van Dyke 2008, pp. 106–109.
7. Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, pp. 117, 121, 124, 127, 132, 136, 139, 143, 147.
8. Osorio 2002, pp. 149, 163, 228, 278.
9. Osorio 2002, p. 278.
10. Kuykendall 1967, p. 187.
11. Kuykendall 1967, p. 219.
12. Kuykendall 1967, pp. 267, 691.
13. Alexander 1894, p. 19.
14. Van Dyke 2008, p. 107.
15. Alexander 1894, p. 15
16. The Hawaiian Gazette 1884.
17. Saturday Press 1884.
18. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa 1884.
19. Hawaii State Archives 2006.
20. The Independent 1903.
21. Drozd 1998, p. 13.
22. The Miami News 1962.

Sources

Books and journals

• Alexander, William DeWitt (1894). Kalakaua's Reign: A Sketch of Hawaiian History. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 16331580.
• Drozd, Karen S. (1998). The Hawaiian ʻUkulele: Its Players, Makers, Teachers and Continuity in Traditional Transmission Processes. Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa. OCLC 41410855.
• Hawaii (1918). Lydecker, Robert Colfax (ed.). Roster Legislatures of Hawaii, 1841–1918. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 60737418.
• Hawaii Supreme Court; Foster, William (1887). "Becky K. Kaai v. W. M. Mahuka et al". Reports of Decisions Rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands. Vol. 5. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. pp. 354–357. OCLC 20831363.
• Kaeo, Peter; Queen Emma (1976). Korn, Alfons L. (ed.). News from Molokai, Letters Between Peter Kaeo & Queen Emma, 1873–1876. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. hdl:10125/39980. ISBN 978-0-8248-0399-5. OCLC 2225064.
• Kanahele, George S. (1999). Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2240-8. OCLC 40890919.
• Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1967). The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-433-1. OCLC 500374815.
• Osorio, Jon Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2549-7. OCLC 48579247.
• Van Dyke, Jon M. (2008). Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawaiʻi?. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6560-3. OCLC 257449971 – via Project MUSE.

Newspapers and online sources

• "Death of S. K. Kaai". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. March 26, 1884. p. 9. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
• Hawaii State Archives (2006). "Kaai marriage record". Marriages – Oahu (1832–1910). Retrieved December 26, 2018 – via Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• "Hon. Simona Kaloa Kaai". Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Vol. XXIII, no. 13. Honolulu. March 29, 1884. p. 2. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
• "Hon. Simona Kaloa Kaai". Ko Hawaii Paeaina. Vol. VII, no. 13. Honolulu. March 29, 1884. p. 2. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
• "Kaai, 81, Showman, Composer". The Miami News. Miami. September 28, 1962. p. 7. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
• "Kaai, Simon Kaloa office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
• "Local and General News". The Independent. Honolulu. March 4, 1903. p. 3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
• "Local Items". Saturday Press. Honolulu. March 29, 1884. p. 9. Retrieved December 25, 2018.