Dipsas

Dipsas is a genus of nonvenomous New World snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus Sibynomorphus has been moved here. Species of the genus Dipsas are known as snail-eaters.

Dipsas
Dipsas catesbyi in Ecuador
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Subfamily:	Dipsadinae
Genus:	Dipsas Laurenti, 1768

Taxonomy

The genus Dipsas includes over 30 distinct species.^[1] The following species are recognized as being valid.^[2]

• Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884) – Sauvage's snail-eater
• Dipsas alternans (Fischer, 1885) – Jan's snail-eater
• Dipsas andiana (Boulenger, 1896)
• Dipsas aparatiritos (Ray, Sánchez-Martínez, Batista, Mulcahy, Sheehy, E.N. Smith, Pyron & Arteaga, 2023)^[3]
• Dipsas articulata (Cope, 1868) – American snail-eater
• Dipsas baliomelas Harvey, 2008
• Dipsas bicolor (Günther, 1895) – two-colored snail-eater
• Dipsas bobridgelyi Arteaga et al., 2018 – Bob Ridgely's snail-eater
• Dipsas bothropoides Mebert, Passos, Fernandes, Entiauspe-Neto, Queiroz-Alvez, Machado & Lopes, 2020
• Dipsas brevifacies (Cope, 1866) – snail-eating thirst snake, short-faced snail-eater
• Dipsas bucephala (Shaw, 1802) – neotropical snail-eater
• Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) – Catesby's snail-eater
• Dipsas chaparensis Reynolds & Foster, 1992
• Dipsas cisticeps (Boettger, 1885) – neotropical snail-eater
• Dipsas copei (Günther, 1872)
• Dipsas elegans (Boulenger, 1896)
• Dipsas ellipsifera (Boulenger, 1898)
• Dipsas gaigeae (Oliver, 1937) – Gaige's thirst snail-eater, Gaige's thirst snake, zicatlinán
• Dipsas georgejetti Arteaga et al., 2018 – George Jett's snail-eater
• Dipsas gracilis (Boulenger, 1902) – graceful snail-eater
• Dipsas incerta (Jan, 1863) – Jan's snail-eater
• Dipsas indica Laurenti, 1768 – neotropical snail-eater
• Dipsas jamespetersi Orcés & Almendáriz, 1989
• Dipsas klebbai Arteaga et al., 2018 – Klebba's snail-eate
• Dipsas latifrontalis (Boulenger, 1905) – broad-fronted snail-eater, Venezuela snail-eater
• Dipsas lavillai Scrocchi, Porto & Rey, 1993
• Dipsas maxillaris (F. Werner, 1910) – Werner's thirst snake
• Dipsas mikanii (Schlegel, 1837)
• Dipsas neuwiedi (Ihering, 1911) – Neuwied's tree snake
• Dipsas nicholsi (Dunn, 1933)
• Dipsas oligozonata Orcés & Almendáriz, 1989
• Dipsas oneilli Rossman & Thomas, 1979 – O'Neill's tree snake
• Dipsas oreas (Cope, 1868) – Ecuador snail-eater
• Dipsas oswaldobaezi Arteaga et al., 2018 – Oswaldo Báez's snail-eater
• Dipsas pakaraima MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2004
• Dipsas palmeri (Boulenger, 1912) – Palmer's snail-eater
• Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 – northern snail-eater
• Dipsas peruana (Boettger, 1898) – Peruvian snail-eater, Peru snail-eater
• Dipsas praeornata (F. Werner, 1909)
• Dipsas pratti (Boulenger, 1897) – Pratt's snail-eater
• Dipsas sanctijoannis (Boulenger, 1911) – tropical snail-eater
• Dipsas sazimai Fernandes, Marques & Argôlo, 2010^[4]
• Dipsas schunkii (Boulenger, 1908) – Schunk's snail-eater
• Dipsas temporalis (F. Werner, 1909) – temporal snail-eater
• Dipsas tenuissima Taylor, 1954 – Taylor's snail-eater
• Dipsas trinitatis Parker, 1926 – Trinidad snail-eater
• Dipsas turgida (Cope, 1868) – Bolivian tree snake
• Dipsas vagrans (Dunn, 1923) – Dunn's tree snake
• Dipsas vagus (Jan, 1863) – Jan's tree snake
• Dipsas variegata (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – variegated snail-eater
• Dipsas ventrimaculata (Boulenger, 1885) – Boulenger's tree snake
• Dipsas vermiculata J.A. Peters, 1960 – vermiculate snail-eater
• Dipsas viguieri (Bocourt, 1884) – Bocourt's snail-eater
• Dipsas welborni Arteaga & Batista, 2023
• Dipsas williamsi Carillo de Espinoza, 1974 – Williams's tree snake

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Dipsas.

Description

Dipsas species are slender, small to medium-sized snakes, often no longer than 60 cm (24 in), and rarely longer than 100 cm (39 in). Coloration and color pattern may vary, but often consist of black and brown, frequently with alternating rings separated by white.

Distribution and habitat

Species in the genus Dipsas are found from southern Mexico through Central America and South America, as far as Argentina and Paraguay.^[5][6]

Behavior and diet

Species in the genus Dipsas are mostly arboreal snakes that mainly feed on land snails and slugs.

References

1. "Dipsas ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
2. Genus Dipsas at The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
3. Ray, Julie M.; Sánchez-Martínez, Paola; Batista, Abel; Mulcahy, Daniel G.; Sheehy, Coleman M. III; Smith, Eric N.; Pyron, R. Alexander; Arteaga, Alejandro (2023-03-02). "A new species of Dipsas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from central Panama". ZooKeys (1145): 131–167. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1145.96616. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10208233.
4. Fernandes DS, Marques OAV, Argôlo AJS (2010). "A new species of Dipsas Laurenti from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)". Zootaxa 2691: 57–66. Preview
5. de Lima, Ana Caroline; da Costa Prudente, Ana Lúcia (2009). "Morphological variation and systematics of Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) and Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)". Zootaxa 2203: 31-48. Abstract & excerpt
6. Cadle, John E. (2005). "Systematics of snakes of the Dipsas oreas complex (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in western Ecuador and Peru, with revalidation of D. elegans (Boulenger) and D. ellipsifera (Boulenger)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 158 (3): 67–136. doi:10.3099/0027-4100(2005)158[67:SOSOTD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 33701271. Retrieved 2011-02-11.

Further reading

• Freiberg MA (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Genus Dipsas, pp. 93–94).
• Laurenti JN (1768). Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Vienna: "Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern". 214 pp. + Plates I-V. (Dipsas, new genus, pp. 89–90). (in Latin).