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Shibuya

Special ward in Tokyo, Japan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shibuyamap
For other uses, see Shibuya (disambiguation).

Shibuya (渋谷区, Shibuya-ku, IPA: [ɕibɯja] ⓘ) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. A major commercial center, Shibuya houses two of the busiest railway stations in the world, Shibuya Station and Shinjuku Station.

Quick Facts 渋谷区, Country ...
Shibuya
渋谷区
Special ward
Shibuya City
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Takeshita Street in Harajuku
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Flag
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Seal
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Location of Shibuya in Tokyo
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Shibuya
 
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Shibuya
Shibuya (Tokyo)
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Shibuya
Shibuya (Kanto Area)
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Shibuya
Shibuya (Japan)
Coordinates: 35°39′34″N 139°42′02″E
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
PrefectureTokyo
Government
 • MayorKen Hasebe [ja] (since April 2015)
Area
 • Total
15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi)
Population
 (October 1, 2020[1])
 • Total
243,883
 • Estimate 
(2024)
230,609
 • Density16,140/km2 (41,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Symbols 
• TreeZelkova serrata
• FlowerIris ensata
City officeShibuya 1-18-21, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8010
Websitewww.city.shibuya.tokyo.jp
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As of January 1, 2024, Shibuya Ward has an estimated population of 230,609 in 142,443 households[2] and a population density of 15,262.01 people per square kilometre (39,528.4 people/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi). Notable neighborhoods and districts of Shibuya include Harajuku, Ebisu, Omotesandō, Yoyogi and Sendagaya.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by the Later Hōjō clan on 13 January 1524, during the Sengoku period, and the area then came under their control.[3] During the Edo period, Shibuya, particularly Maruyamachō on Dōgenzaka, prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-day Route 246), and in the Meiji era, as a Hanamachi. Shibuya emerged as a railway terminus during the expansion of the railway network beginning in the 19th century, and was incorporated as a ward in the City of Tokyo on 1 October 1932.[4]

Shibuya, once a mediocre area developed around the railway terminus, overtook Shinjuku as a hub for youth culture in the 1970s. The coinciding competition between Seibu (whose most notable development projects include Shibuya Parco) and Tokyu (Tokyu Hands,Shibuya 109) to develop the area as a commercial center added to its appeal to young people, which in turn spread to other neighborhoods in the ward, such as Harajuku.[5][6]

History

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Maruyamachō was the commercial center of the area in the Edo period.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The clan was a cadet branch of the Taira clan descended from Taira no Yoshifumi. The clan built a fortress near the present-day Konnō Hachimangu Shrine. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by the Later Hōjō clan on 13 January 1524, during the Sengoku period, and the area then came under their control.[3] During the Edo period, Shibuya, particularly Maruyamachō on Dōgenzaka, prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-day Route 246), and in the Meiji era, as a Hanamachi.

The village of Shibuya was incorporated in 1889 by the merger of the villages of Kami-Shibuya, Naka-Shibuya and Shimo-Shibuya within Minami-Toshima County (Toyotama County from 1896). The village covered the territory of modern-day Shibuya Station area as well as the Hiroo, Daikanyama, Aoyama, and Ebisu areas. Shibuya became a town in 1909. The town of Shibuya merged with the neighboring towns of Sendagaya (which included the modern Senda, Harajuku and Jingumae areas) and Yoyohata (which included the modern Yoyogi and Hata areas) to form Shibuya-ku suburban ward upon being absorbed into Tokyo City in 1932. Shibuya became an urban special ward under the Local Autonomy Act in 1947.

The Tokyu Toyoko Line opened in 1932, making Shibuya a key terminal between Tokyo and Yokohama, and was joined by the forerunner of the Keio Inokashira Line in 1933 and the forerunner of the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line in 1938. The story of Hachikō, a dog who waited for his deceased master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, created a national sensation due to his unwavering loyalty. A statue of Hachikō was built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now one of the most popular meeting points in the area.

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Aerial photo of Shibuya Station, c. 1960

During the occupation of Japan, Yoyogi Park was used as a housing compound for U.S. personnel known as "Washington Heights". The U.S. military left in 1964, and much of the park was repurposed as venues for the 1964 Summer Olympics. The ward itself served as part of the athletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 games.[7]

In the mid-1990s, Shibuya-kei, a microgenre of pop music, became mainstream in Japan. Distinguished by a "cut-and-paste" approach, it peaked in the late 1990s and declined after its principal players began moving onto other music styles.

Shibuya Stream, a skyscraper and retail complex, was completed in 2018. The East Wing of a mixed-used skyscraper, Shibuya Scramble Square, was completed in August 2019. A shopping mall, Shibuya Fukuras, was completed in October 2019.

Miyashita Park closed in 2017 and reopened in July 2020 as a shopping complex with a rooftop park.

Geography

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South of Shibuya in 2020

Shibuya includes many well-known commercial and residential districts such as Daikanyama, Ebisu, Harajuku, Hiroo, Higashi, Omotesandō, Sendagaya, and Yoyogi.

Districts

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Shibuya seen from Roppongi Hills Mori Tower

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population is rising again after decline between 1960 and 2000.

More information Year, Pop. ...
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950181,244—    
1960282,687+56.0%
1970274,491−2.9%
1980247,035−10.0%
1990205,625−16.8%
2000196,682−4.3%
2010204,492+4.0%
2020243,883+19.3%
Source: Censuses[8]
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Politics and government

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Shibuya is run by a city assembly of 34 elected members. The mayor is Ken Hasebe, an independent.

Elections

Same-sex partnership certificate

In 2015, as the council passed "Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward",[9] Shibuya Ward became the first Japanese municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates.[10] According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed "to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members".[10] The ordinance was intended to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)".[9] In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document.[11] Koyuki Higashi (a former member of the Takarazuka Revue) and Hiroko Masuhara (an entrepreneur), a lesbian couple, were the first to receive this certification.[11] Since the Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, seven other municipalities in Japan have begun offering similar certificates.[12]

The BBC notes that in practice, the ordinance is not binding, though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.[13] Shimizu says the system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare".[9] As it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, it can be restrictive to some couples.[14] Shimizu argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for pinkwashing as "while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward".[9] Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of "diversity of sexuality" while excluding the useless ones.[15] Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the ward.[16]

Sightseeing and local landmarks

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Shibuya's scramble crossing from Shibuya Sky observation deck

Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing, called Shibuya Crossing.[17] It is located in front of the Shibuya Station Hachikō exit and stops vehicles in all directions to allow pedestrians to inundate the entire intersection. Shibuya Crossing is the "world's busiest pedestrian crossing", with upwards of 3,000 people at a time.[18][19][20] A statue of the dog Hachikō, remembered for his unwavering loyalty to his deceased owner, is installed outside Shibuya Station. The statue and its surrounding Hachikō Square are a common meeting place and are almost always crowded. On the southwest side of Shibuya Station, there is a Moyai statue, given to Shibuya by the people of Niijima Island in 1980.

Green areas

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Yoyogi Park

Commercial complexes

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Shibuya Scramble Square
and Shibuya Hikarie (left)

Cultural institutions

Religious institutions

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Meiji Shrine

Streets

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Omotesandō
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Love hotels concentrated in Dōgenzaka
  • Aoyama Dōri [ja], a major east–west thoroughfare
  • Cat Street, a promenade in Ura-Harajuku area, famous for its roadside clothing stores
  • Center Gai
  • Dōgen-zaka [ja], a road in central Shibuya famous for its surrounding nightclubs and love hotels
  • Komazawa Dōri [ja] – running past Daikanyama, down the hill to Ebisu, crossing Meiji Dōri and up the hill through Higashi and Hiroo. The road stops at the Shuto Expressway in Minami Aoyama. Famed for its beautiful trees that turn bright yellow in autumn, cafes, restaurants, and a large replica of Michelangelo's David outside of the Papas building. Prince Hitachi and Princess Hitachi have their official residence in a palace in large gardens off Komazawadori in Higashi.[21]
  • Shibuya Kōen Dōri [ja], in central Shibuya between Shibuya Station and Yoyogi Park
  • Meiji Dōri (Tokyo) [ja], a major north–south thoroughfare parallel to the Yamanote Line
  • Miyamasu-zaka [ja]
  • Shibuya Nonbei-Yokochō, an alley by the railroad tracks famous for its small bars and old Tokyo feel
  • Omotesandō, an avenue leading up to the Meiji Shrine with a number of famous-brand boutiques
  • Spain-zaka [ja]
  • Takeshita Street, a shopping street through Harajuku
  • Yamate Dōri (Tokyo) [ja]

Others

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Yoyogi National Gymnasium

Transportation

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Aerial view around Shibuya Station in June 1963
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The former Tokyu Toyoko Line station (now demolished)
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Shuto Expressway No.3 Shibuya Route

Rail

The main station in Shibuya is Shibuya Station. The southern half of Shinjuku Station, including the New South Entrance, is located in Shibuya.

Highway

Economy

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NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building

Several companies are headquartered in Shibuya.

Calpis,[22] Casio,[23] Mixi,[24] Niwango,[25] Nihon Dempa Kogyo,[26] and Tokyu Corporation have their headquarters in Shibuya.[27] East Japan Railway Company[28] have their headquarters in Yoyogi, Shibuya. 81 Produce has its headquarters in Tomigaya, Shibuya.[29][30]

Former operations

At one time Smilesoft had its headquarters in the CT Sasazuka Building in Shibuya.[31] In May 1985 the headquarters of Bandai Visual moved to Shibuya. In March 1990 the headquarters moved to Shinjuku.[32]

A.D. Vision - Tokyo, Y.K., the Japanese subsidiary of A.D. Vision, was in Shibuya.[33] Acclaim Entertainment once had its Tokyo office in the Nomora Building.[34] The Japanese subsidiary of Titus Interactive, Titus Japan K.K., had its head office on the eighth floor of the Kotubuki Dogenzaka Building in Dōgenzaka.[35] The former animation studio; Group TAC was also located here.

Square Enix headquarters were located in Yoyogi before moving to Shinjuku in 2012.[36]

Companies

Education

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Aoyama Gakuin Majima Memorial Hall

Colleges and universities

Primary and secondary schools

The Shibuya City Board of Education [ja] operates public elementary and junior high schools, while Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates public senior high schools.

  • Aoyama Gakuin Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Shibuya, affiliated with Aoyama Gakuin University
  • Aoyama High School [ja]—public co-ed school, in Jingūmae
  • The British School in Tokyo Shibuya Campus
  • First Commercial High School—public co-ed school, in Daikanyama
  • Fujimigaoka Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Sasazuka
  • Hiroo Gakuen Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Hiroo
  • Hiroo High School—public co-ed school, in Higashi
  • International School of Sacred Heart, in Hiroo
  • Jingūmae International Exchange School (JIES), within the Shibuya Ward Jingūmae Elementary School in Omotesando
  • Jissen Joshi-Gakuen Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Higashi, affiliated with Jissen Women's University
  • Kantō International Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Honchō
  • Kokugakuin Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Jingūmae

Public combined elementary and junior high schools[48][49]

Junior high schools:[48]

Elementary schools:[49]

Public libraries

Shibuya operates several public libraries, including the Central Library, the Nishihara Library, the Shibuya Library, the Tomigaya Library, the Sasazuka Library, the Honmachi Library, and the Rinsen Library. In addition, the Yoyogi Youth Hall houses the Yoyogi Library Room.[50]

In popular culture

Shibuya has appeared in the manga Alice in Borderland, Jujutsu Kaisen with its 'Shibuya Incident' arc, Super GALS! Kotobuki Ran, Tokyo Revengers and Ya Boy Kongming!.

It has featured in the television series Jellyfish Can't Swim in the Night.

It has also appeared in the videogames Chaos;Head, Ghostwire: Tokyo, Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage!, Persona 5, The World Ends With You, Neo: The World Ends with You and Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE, Reynatis.

International relations

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Friendship city

Sister cities

International organization offices in Shibuya

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United Nations University Headquarters Building

There are following offices at the United Nations University Headquarters Building in Jingūmae, Shibuya.[54]

Diplomatic missions in Shibuya

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Embassy of Croatia in Hiroo, Shibuya

Following countries operate their embassies in Shibuya.[55]

Gallery

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    Shibuya crossing at ground level
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    View from the Sky View observation deck
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    Shibuya crossing at night
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    Streets of Shibuya at night
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    "The Iceberg", building in Shibuya

See also

Similar venues with electronic billboards, jumbotrons and media towers.

References

External links

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