Shan Tinggui

In this Chinese name, the family name is Shan.

Shan Tinggui is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "General of Sacred Water", he ranks 44th among the 108 Stars of Destiny and eighth among the 72 Earthly Fiends.

Shan Tinggui
Water Margin character
First appearance	Chapter 67
Nickname	"General of Sacred Water" 聖水將軍
Rank	44th, Unique Star (地奇星) of the 72 Earthly Fiends
Tiger Cub Scouting General of Liangshan
Origin	Imperial drill instructor
Ancestral home / Place of origin	Lingzhou (in present-day Dezhou, Shandong)
Weapon	Black spear, bow and arrows
Names
Simplified Chinese	单廷圭
Traditional Chinese	單廷珪
Pinyin	Shàn Tíngguī
Wade–Giles	Shan T'ing-kui

Background

A military instructor in his hometown Lingzhou (凌州; in present-day Dezhou, Shandong) alongside Wei Dingguo, San Tinggui is a tough warrior who rides a black steed and fights with a long sabre. He dons a suit of black armour and a helmet topped with a black feather when he goes into a battle. He is best known for damming and diverting waterways to flood his enemies, aided by five hundred soldiers trained in the techniques. For this skill in channeling water to drown his foes, he is nicknamed "General of Sacred Water",

Becoming an outlaw

Guan Sheng volunteers to take the fight to Lingzhou when Liangshan learns that Shan Tingguo and Wei Dingguo have been appointed by the Song court to eliminate them following their successful rescue of Lu Junyi in Daming which involved a city-wide rampage. The two instructors are recommended to Emperor Huizong by Grand Tutor Cai Jing.

In the first battle outside Lingzhou, Guan Sheng is rattled by the capture of his two lieutenants Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen by Wei Dingguo and Shan Tingguo. Hao has been lured to ride into the ranks of Shan's soldiers, who quickly encircled and seized him.

Meanwhile, Li Kui has sneaked out of Liangshan after being forbidden by Song Jiang to join Guan Sheng in the attack on Lingzhou. He befriends Jiao Ting while on his way, who takes him to Bao Xu, who leads a bandit group at Mount Deadwood. While with Bao, they rescue Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen as the convoy escorting them to Dongjing for punishment passes Mount Deadwood.

At Lingzhou, the battle continues with Guan Sheng fighting Shan Tinggui one-on-one on horseback. Then Guan lures Shan to chase after him till they reach a remote spot where he turns and swings his big sabre to whack the latter off his horse. Instead of moving in to kill, Guan gets off his horse and shows Shan kind treatment, winning over the man.

Left standing alone, Wei Dingguo injures many of Guan's soldiers when his men unleash on them flaming materials. Just then, Li Kui, assisted by Jiao Ting, Bao Xu, Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen, attacks a gate of Lingzhou, causing the city to fall, when Wei is still outside of it. Wei flees to a nearby county and is determined to make his last stand there. Knowing that Wei would rather die than be humiliated, Shan Tinggui goes alone into the county to promise him dignified treatment if he gives in. But Wei insists that Guan Sheng come personally and unaccompanied to show sincerity. Guan obliges, thus convincing Wei to join Liangshan.

Campaigns and death

Shan Tinggui is appointed as one of the leaders of the Liangshan cavalry after the 108 Stars of Destiny come together in what is called the Grand Assembly. He participates in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebel forces in Song territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Liangshan.

In the campaign against Fang La, Shan Tinggui and Wei Dingguo assist Lu Junyi in taking Xuanzhou (宣州; present-day Xuancheng, Anhui) and Huzhou. They are later assigned to lead the attack on Shezhou, where they are lured into the city finding its gate open and no one barring the way. Falling into a concealed pit, they are killed by soldiers waiting in ambush.

References

• Buck, Pearl S. (2006). All Men are Brothers. Moyer Bell. ISBN 9781559213035.
• Miyazaki, Ichisada (1993). Suikoden: Kyoko no naka no Shijitsu (in Japanese). Chuo Koronsha. ISBN 978-4122020559.
• Keffer, David. "Outlaws of the Marsh: A Somewhat Less Than Critical Commentary". Poison Pie Publishing House. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
• Li, Mengxia (1992). 108 Heroes from the Water Margin (in Chinese). EPB Publishers. p. 89. ISBN 9971-0-0252-3.
• Miyamoto, Yoko (2011). "Water Margin: Chinese Robin Hood and His Bandits". Demystifying Confucianism. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
• Shibusawa, Kou (1989), Bandit Kings of Ancient China, Koei, pp. 97–98
• Zhang, Lin Ching (2009). Biographies of Characters in Water Margin. Writers Publishing House. ISBN 978-7506344784.