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Head of government of Serbia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The prime minister of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: премијер Србије, romanized: premijer Srbije; feminine: премијерка/premijerka), officially the president of the Government of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: председник Владе Републике Србије, romanized: predsednik Vlade Republike Srbije; feminine: председница/predsednica) is the head of the government of Serbia.[1]: 38 The role of the prime minister is to direct the work of the government, and submits to the National Assembly the government's program, including a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the prime minister results in the dismissal of the government.
President of the Government of Serbia | |
---|---|
Председник Владе Србије Predsednik Vlade Srbije | |
Government of Serbia | |
Style | His Excellency |
Type | Head of government |
Member of | Government |
Seat | Government Building, 11 Nemanjina, Belgrade |
Nominator | President of the Republic |
Appointer | National Assembly |
Term length | No term limit |
Formation | 27 August 1805 |
First holder | Matija Nenadović |
Unofficial names | Prime minister |
Deputy | First Deputy Prime Minister |
Salary | 148,772 Serbian dinars/€1,257 monthly |
Website | srbija |
The first officeholder was Matija Nenadović, who became prime minister on 27 August 1805.[2] The current prime minister, Miloš Vučević (who is also the current president of the Serbian Progressive Party) was nominated by the president of the Republic, Aleksandar Vučić, and elected and appointed along with his cabinet by the National Assembly on 2 May 2024.[3]
During the period of Revolutionary Serbia, the title of the principal executive minister was President of the Governing Council (Serbian Cyrillic: Председник правитељствујушчег совјета сербског, romanized: Predsednik praviteljstvujuščeg sovjeta serbskog; lit. 'President of the ruling Serbian Soviet').[4][5][6][7] Initially the Council had no ministers, just members, but in 1811 modern ministries were created. Government ceased to exist with the collapse of the First Serbian Uprising on 3 October 1813, however later continued in exile in Hotin (Russian Empire) from 1813 until 1814.
Government was restored on 21 November 1815 following the Second Serbian Uprising. Head of government was styled Prince's Representative (Књажевски представник / Knjaževski predstavnik). The style remained official until 1861, even after the establishing of constitutional government in 1835. Prior to that date, the office was of no major importance or influence and depended solely on the will of the Prince Miloš Obrenović.
From 1861 until 1903, the head of government was styled President of the Ministry (Председник министарства / Predsednik ministarstva).
From 1903 until the creation of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 1 December 1918, head of government was styled President of the Council of Ministers (Председник Министарског савета / Predsednik Ministarskog saveta).
Under the communist regime after 1945, Serbia got a sort of separate KPJ-appointed government opposed to the German-installed one in September 1941. First, the 'head of government' was styled President of the Executive Council of the Supreme National Liberational Council until 7 March 1945. On that day, a ministry for Serbia was created within the government of Yugoslavia (as for all the other five republics), with Minister for Serbia being in charge of creating first one-party government of post-War Serbia, which took place on 9 April 1945. Governments were headed by President of the Government until 3 February 1953, President of the Executive Council until 15 January 1991 and again President of the Government since then, but the term Prime Minister is colloquially used (especially in the media) since the government of Dragutin Zelenović in 1991. In some later articles about the recent history of Serbia, term is retroactively applied to Stanko Radmilović, Desimir Jevtić and even back to Ivan Stambolić's government.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Cabinet | Head of State (Grand Vožd) (Reign) |
Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
1 | Matija Nenadović (1777–1854) |
27 August 1805 |
April 1807 |
1 year, 217 days | М. Nenadović | Đorđe Petrović (Karađorđe) (1804–1813) |
[2][8][9] | |
2 | Mladen Milovanović (1760–1823) |
April 1807 |
31 December 1810 |
3 years, 274 days | Milovanović | [9][10]: 70 | ||
3 | Jakov Nenadović (1765–1836) |
31 December 1810 |
11 January 1811 |
11 days | Ј. Nenadović | [10]: 70–74 [11] | ||
4 | Đorđe Petrović (Karađorđe) (1768–1817) |
11 January 1811 |
3 October 1813 |
2 years, 265 days | Petrović | [10]: 73–74 [12][13] |
Conservative Party Liberal Party Serbian Progressive Party Independent
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Note | Head of State | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representatives of the Prince 1815–1861 | ||||||||
Grand Vožd (1815–17) Prince (1817–82) | ||||||||
5 | Petar Nikolajević Moler Петар Николајевић Молер (1775–1816) |
21 November 1815 | 16 May 1816 | Independent | Miloš Obrenović (1815–1839) | |||
6 | Jevrem Obrenović Јеврем Обреновић (1790–1856) |
1821 | 1826 | Independent | The youngest brother of Prince Miloš Obrenović. | |||
7 | Miloje Todorović Милоје Тодоровић (1762–1832) |
1826 | 1826 | Independent | ||||
8 | Dimitrije Davidović Димитрије Давидовић (1789–1839) |
1826 | 1829 | Independent | ||||
9 | Koca Marković Коца Марковић (1795–1836) |
15 February 1835 | 28 March 1836 | Independent | ||||
N/A | Tenka Stefanović Стефан Стефановић Тенка (1797–1865) |
28 March 1836 | 26 February 1839 | Independent | Acting. | |||
10 | Avram Petronijević Аврам Петронијевић (1791–1852) |
26 February 1839 | 7 April 1840 | Independent | First term. | |||
Mihailo Obrenović (1839–1842) | ||||||||
– | Paun Janković Паун Јанковић (1808–1865) |
7 April 1840 | 15 May 1840 | Independent | Acting. | |||
11 | Đorđe Protić Ђорђе Протић (1793–1857) |
15 May 1840 | 7 September 1842 | Independent | ||||
(10) | Avram Petronijević Аврам Петронијевић (1791–1852) |
7 September 1842 | 6 October 1843 | Independent | Second term. | |||
Alexander Karađorđević (1842–1858) | ||||||||
12 | Aleksa Simić Алекса Симић (1800–1872) |
6 October 1843 | 11 October 1844 | Independent | First term. | |||
(10) | Avram Petronijević Аврам Петронијевић (1791–1852) |
11 October 1844 | 22 April 1852 | Independent | Third term. Died in Constantinople while on official visit to the Ottoman Empire. | |||
13 | Ilija Garašanin Илија Гарашанин (1812–1874) |
22 April 1852 | 26 March 1853 | Independent | First term. | |||
(12) | Aleksa Simić Алекса Симић (1800–1872) |
26 March 1853 | 28 December 1855 | Independent | Second term. | |||
14 | Aleksa Janković Алекса Јанковић (1806–1869) |
28 December 1855 | 10 June 1856 | Independent | ||||
– | Stefan Marković Стефан Марковић (1804–1864) |
10 June 1856 | 28 September 1856 | Independent | Acting. | |||
(12) | Aleksa Simić Алекса Симић (1800–1872) |
28 September 1856 | 1 July 1857 | Independent | Third term. | |||
15 | Stefan Marković Стефан Марковић (1804–1864) |
1 July 1857 | 12 June 1858 | Independent | ||||
16 | Stevan Magazinović Стеван Магазиновић (1804–1874) |
12 June 1858 | 18 April 1859 | Independent | ||||
Miloš Obrenović (1858–1860) | ||||||||
17 | Cvetko Rajović Цветко Рајовић (1793–1873) |
18 April 1859 | 8 November 1860 | Independent | ||||
Mihailo Obrenović (1860–1868) | ||||||||
18 | Filip Hristić Филип Христић (1819–1905) |
8 November 1860 | 21 October 1861 | Independent | ||||
Presidents of the Ministry 1861–1882 | ||||||||
(13) | Ilija Garašanin Илија Гарашанин (1812–1874) |
21 October 1861 | 15 November 1867 | Conservative Party | Second term. | |||
19 | Jovan Ristić Јован Ристић (1831–1899) |
15 November 1867 | 3 December 1867 | Liberal Party | First term. | |||
20 | Nikola Hristić Никола Христић (1818–1911) |
3 December 1867 | 3 July 1868 | Conservative Party | First term. | |||
Milan Obrenović (1868–1882) | ||||||||
21 | Đorđe Cenić Ђорђе Ценић (1825–1903) |
3 July 1868 | 8 August 1869 | Conservative Party | ||||
22 | Radivoje Milojković Радивоје Милојковић (1833–1888) |
8 August 1869 | 22 August 1872 | Liberal Party | Removed from office when Prince Milan Obrenović, aged eighteen, came of age and appointed a new government. | |||
23 | Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac Миливоје Петровић Блазнавац (1824–1873) |
22 August 1872 | 5 April 1873 | Independent | Military officer (general). Died in office of natural causes. | |||
(19) | Jovan Ristić Јован Ристић (1831–1899) |
5 April 1873 | 3 November 1873 | Liberal Party | Second term; acting until 14 April 1873 | |||
24 | Jovan Marinović Јован Мариновић (1821–1893) |
3 November 1873 | 7 December 1874 | Serbian Progressive Party | ||||
25 | Aćim Čumić Аћим Чумић (1836–1901) |
7 December 1874 | 3 February 1875 | Serbian Progressive Party | ||||
26 | Danilo Stefanović Данило Стефановић (1815–1886) |
3 February 1875 | 31 August 1875 | Conservative Party | ||||
27 | Stevča Mihailović Стевча Михаиловић (1804–1888) |
31 August 1875 | 8 October 1875 | Liberal Party | First term. | |||
28 | Ljubomir Kaljević Љубомир Каљевић (1841–1907) |
8 October 1875 | 6 May 1876 | Serbian Progressive Party | ||||
(27) | Stevča Mihailović Стевча Михаиловић (1804–1888) |
6 May 1876 | 13 October 1878 | Liberal Party | Second term. | |||
(19) | Jovan Ristić Јован Ристић (1831–1899) |
13 October 1878 | 2 November 1880 | Liberal Party | Third term. | |||
29 | Milan Piroćanac Милан Пироћанац (1837–1897) |
2 November 1880 | 6 March 1882 | Serbian Progressive Party |
Serbian Progressive Party Conservative Party Liberal Party People's Radical Party Independent Radical Party Independent
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Note | Monarch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presidents of the Ministry 1882–1903 | ||||||||
(29) | Milan Piroćanac Милан Пироћанац (1837–1897) |
6 March 1882 | 3 October 1883 | Serbian Progressive Party | Milan Obrenović | |||
(20) | Nikola Hristić Никола Христић (1818–1911) |
3 October 1883 | 19 February 1884 | Conservative Party | Second term. | |||
30 | Milutin Garašanin Милутин Гарашанин (1843–1908) |
19 February 1884 | 13 June 1887 | Serbian Progressive Party | ||||
(19) | Jovan Ristić Јован Ристић (1831–1899) |
13 June 1887 | 1 January 1888 | Liberal Party | Fourth term. | |||
31 | Sava Grujić Сава Грујић (1840–1913) |
1 January 1888 | 27 April 1888 | People's Radical Party | First term. | |||
(20) | Nikola Hristić Никола Христић (1818–1911) |
27 April 1888 | 19 January 1889 | Conservative Party | Third term. | |||
32 | Kosta Protić Коста Протић (1831–1892) |
19 January 1889 | 7 March 1889 | Independent | Military officer (general). | |||
(31) | Sava Grujić Сава Грујић (1840–1913) |
7 March 1889 | 23 February 1891 | People's Radical Party | Second term. | Alexander Obrenović (1889–1903) | ||
33 | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) |
23 February 1891 | 22 August 1892 | People's Radical Party | First term. | |||
34 | Jovan Avakumović Јован Авакумовић (1841–1928) |
22 August 1892 | 13 April 1893 | Liberal Party | First term. Removed from office when King Alexander Obrenović, aged seventeen, staged a coup d'état, proclaimed himself of age and dismissed the regents and their government. | |||
35 | Lazar Dokić Лазар Докић (1845–1893) |
13 April 1893 | 5 December 1893 | People's Radical Party | Died in office of natural causes. | |||
(31) | Sava Grujić Сава Грујић (1840–1913) |
5 December 1893 | 24 January 1894 | People's Radical Party | Third term. | |||
36 | Đorđe Simić Ђорђе Симић (1843–1921) |
24 January 1894 | 3 April 1894 | People's Radical Party | First term. | |||
37 | Svetomir Nikolajević Светомир Николајевић (1844–1922) |
3 April 1894 | 27 October 1894 | People's Radical Party | ||||
(20) | Nikola Hristić Никола Христић (1818–1911) |
27 October 1894 | 7 July 1895 | Conservative Party | Fourth term. | |||
38 | Stojan Novaković Стојан Новаковић (1842–1915) |
7 July 1895 | 27 December 1896 | Serbian Progressive Party | First term. | |||
(36) | Đorđe Simić Ђорђе Симић (1843–1921) |
27 December 1896 | 19 October 1897 | People's Radical Party | Second term. | |||
39 | Vladan Đorđević Владан Ђорђевић (1844–1930) |
19 October 1897 | 25 July 1900 | Serbian Progressive Party | ||||
40 | Aleksa Jovanović Алекса Јовановић (1846–1920) |
25 July 1900 | 3 April 1901 | Independent | ||||
41 | Mihailo Vujić Михаило Вујић (1853–1913) |
3 April 1901 | 20 October 1902 | People's Radical Party | ||||
42 | Petar Velimirović Петар Велимировић (1848–1921) |
20 October 1902 | 20 November 1902 | People's Radical Party | First term. | |||
43 | Dimitrije Cincar-Marković Димитрије Цинцар-Марковић (1849–1903) |
20 November 1902 | 11 June 1903 | Independent | Military officer (general). Assassinated during the May Coup. | |||
Presidents of the Ministerial Council 1903–1918 | ||||||||
(34) | Jovan Avakumović Јован Авакумовић (1841–1928) |
11 June 1903 | 4 October 1903 | Liberal Party | Second term. | Peter Karađorđević (1903–1918) | ||
(31) | Sava Grujić Сава Грујић (1840–1913) |
4 October 1903 | 10 December 1904 | People's Radical Party | Fourth term. | |||
(33) | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) |
10 December 1904 | 28 May 1905 | People's Radical Party | Second term. | |||
44 | Ljubomir Stojanović Љубомир Стојановић (1860–1930) |
28 May 1905 | 7 March 1906 | Independent Radical Party | ||||
(31) | Sava Grujić Сава Грујић (1840–1913) |
7 March 1906 | 29 April 1906 | People's Radical Party | Fifth term. | |||
(33) | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) |
29 April 1906 | 20 July 1908 | People's Radical Party | Third term. | |||
(42) | Petar Velimirović Петар Велимировић (1848–1921) |
20 July 1908 | 22 February 1909 | People's Radical Party | Second term. | |||
(38) | Stojan Novaković Стојан Новаковић (1842–1915) |
22 February 1909 | 24 October 1909 | Serbian Progressive Party | Second term. | |||
(33) | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) |
24 October 1909 | 4 July 1911 | People's Radical Party | Fourth term. | |||
45 | Milovan Milovanović Милован Миловановић (1863–1912) |
4 July 1911 | 18 June 1912 | People's Radical Party | Died in office of natural causes. | |||
46 | Marko Trifković Марко Трифковић (1864–1928) |
18 June 1912 | 12 September 1912 | People's Radical Party | ||||
(33) | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) |
12 September 1912 | 1 December 1918 | People's Radical Party | Fifth term. Became acting Prime Minister of Yugoslavia on 1 December 1918. |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia Socialist Party of Serbia
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Note | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
President of the Executive Council of the Supreme National Liberation Council 1941–1945 | |||||||
– | Petar Stambolić Петар Стамболић (1912–2007) |
September 1941 | 7 March 1945 | Communist Party of Yugoslavia | |||
Minister for Serbia 1945 | |||||||
– | Jaša Prodanović Јаша Продановић (1867–1948) |
7 March 1945 | 9 April 1945 | Communist Party of Yugoslavia | |||
Prime Ministers 1945–1953 | |||||||
1 (47) |
Blagoje Nešković Благоје Нешковић (1907–1984) |
9 April 1945 | 5 September 1948 | Communist Party of Yugoslavia | |||
2 (48) |
Petar Stambolić Петар Стамболић (1912–2007) |
5 September 1948 | 5 February 1953 | Communist Party of Yugoslavia (renamed in 1952) |
|||
League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||||||
President of the Executive Council 1953–1991 | |||||||
(2) (48) |
Petar Stambolić Петар Стамболић (1912–2007) |
5 February 1953 | 16 December 1953 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
3 (49) |
Jovan Veselinov Јован Веселинов (1906–1982) |
16 December 1953 | 6 April 1957 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
4 (50) |
Miloš Minić Милош Минић (1914–2003) |
6 April 1957 | 9 June 1962 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
5 (51) |
Slobodan Penezić Krcun Слободан Пенезић Крцун (1918–1964) |
9 June 1962 | 6 November 1964 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | Killed in a suspicious traffic accident. | ||
– | Stevan Doronjski Стеван Дороњски (1919–1981) |
6 November 1964 | 17 November 1964 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | Acting (after Penezić's death) | ||
6 (52) |
Dragi Stamenković Драги Стаменковић (1920–2004) |
17 November 1964 | 6 May 1967 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
7 (53) |
Đurica Jojkić Ђурица Јојкић (1914–1981) |
6 May 1967 | 7 May 1969 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
8 (54) |
Milenko Bojanić Миленко Бојанић (1924–1987) |
7 May 1969 | 6 May 1974 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
9 (55) |
Dušan Čkrebić Душан Чкребић (1927–2022) |
6 May 1974 | 6 May 1978 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
10 (56) |
Ivan Stambolić Иван Стамболић (1936–2000) |
6 May 1978 | 5 May 1982 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
11 (57) |
Branislav Ikonić Бранислав Иконић (1928–2002) |
5 May 1982 | 6 May 1986 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
12 (58) |
Desimir Jevtić Десимир Јевтић (1938–2017) |
6 May 1986 | 5 December 1989 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |||
13 (59) |
Stanko Radmilović Станко Радмиловић (1936–2018) |
5 December 1989 | 15 January 1991 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia (until 1990) |
The pan-Yugoslav League of Communists of Yugoslavia was dissolved in January 1990 into six political parties (one for each republic), in Serbia that was the Socialist Party of Serbia. | ||
Socialist Party of Serbia |
Socialist Party of Serbia Democratic Party Democratic Alternative Social Democratic Union Democratic Party of Serbia
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Cabinet | Composition | Election | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Ministers 1991 onwards | ||||||||
1 (60) |
Dragutin Zelenović Драгутин Зеленовић (1928–2020) |
11 February 1991 – 23 December 1991 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Zelenović | SPS | 1990 | ||
2 (61) |
Radoman Božović Радоман Божовић (born 1953) |
23 December 1991 – 10 February 1993 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Božović | SPS | |||
3 (62) |
Nikola Šainović Никола Шаиновић (born 1948) |
10 February 1993 – 18 March 1994 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Šainović | SPS (minority government supported by SRS) |
1992 | ||
4 (63) |
Mirko Marjanović Мирко Марјановић (1937–2006) |
18 March 1994 – 24 October 2000 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Marjanović I | SPS–ND | 1993 | ||
Marjanović II | SPS–JUL–SRS | 1997 | ||||||
5 (64) |
Milomir Minić Миломир Минић (born 1950) |
25 October 2000 – 25 January 2001 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Minić | SPS–DOS–SPO (transitional government formed after the Bulldozer Revolution) | |||
6 (65) |
Zoran Đinđić Зоран Ђинђић (1952–2003) |
25 January 2001 – 12 March 2003 (assassinated in office) |
Democratic Party (Democratic Opposition of Serbia) |
Đinđić | DOS | 2000 | ||
– | Nebojša Čović Небојша Човић (born 1958) |
12 March 2003 – 17 March 2003 |
Democratic Alternative (Democratic Opposition of Serbia) |
Acting | ||||
– | Žarko Korać Жарко Кораћ (born 1947) |
17 March 2003 – 18 March 2003 |
Social Democratic Union (Democratic Opposition of Serbia) |
Acting | ||||
7 (66) |
Zoran Živković Зоран Живковић (born 1960) |
18 March 2003 – 4 March 2004 |
Democratic Party (Democratic Opposition of Serbia) |
Živković | DOS | |||
8 (67) |
Vojislav Koštunica Војислав Коштуница (born 1944) |
4 March 2004 – 5 June 2006 |
Democratic Party of Serbia | Koštunica I | DSS–G17+–SPO–NS (minority government supported by SPS) |
2003 |
Democratic Party of Serbia Democratic Party Socialist Party of Serbia Serbian Progressive Party Independent
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Cabinet | Composition | Election | President | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Ministers (2006 onwards) | ||||||||||
1 (67) |
Vojislav Koštunica Војислав Коштуница (born 1944) |
5 June 2006 – 7 July 2008 |
Democratic Party of Serbia | Koštunica I | DSS–G17+–SPO–NS (minority government supported by SPS) |
2003 | Boris Tadić (2006–2012) | |||
Koštunica II | DS–DSS–G17+ NS–SDP |
2007 | ||||||||
2 (68) |
Mirko Cvetković Мирко Цветковић (born 1950) |
7 July 2008 – 27 July 2012 |
Independent[lower-alpha 1] | Cvetković | DS–SPS–G17+–SDPS PUPS–SPO–SDAS |
2008 | ||||
3 (69) |
Ivica Dačić Ивица Дачић (born 1966) |
27 July 2012 – 27 April 2014 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Dačić | SNS–SPS–SDPS PUPS–NS–SDAS–PS URS (until 2013) |
2012 | Tomislav Nikolić (2012–2017) | |||
4 (70) |
Aleksandar Vučić Александар Вучић (born 1970) |
27 April 2014 – 31 May 2017 |
Serbian Progressive Party | Vučić I | SNS–SPS SDPS–PS–NS |
2014 | ||||
Vučić II | SNS–SPS SDPS–PS–PUPS |
2016 | ||||||||
– | Ivica Dačić Ивица Дачић (born 1966) |
31 May 2017 – 29 June 2017 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Acting | Aleksandar Vučić (2017–) | |||||
5 (71) |
Ana Brnabić Ана Брнабић (born 1975) |
29 June 2017 – 6 February 2024 |
Independent[lower-alpha 2] (until October 2019) |
Brnabić | SNS–SPS–SDPS PS–PUPS–SNP | |||||
Serbian Progressive Party (from October 2019)[14] | ||||||||||
Brnabić II | SNS–SPS–SPAS SDPS–PUPS–PS–SNP |
2020 | ||||||||
Brnabić III | SNS–SPS–DSHV–SDPS PUPS–JS–SPP |
2022 | ||||||||
– | Ivica Dačić Ивица Дачић (born 1966) |
6 February 2024 – 2 May 2024 |
Socialist Party of Serbia | Acting | ||||||
6 (72) |
Miloš Vučević Милош Вучевић (born 1974) |
2 May 2024 – Incumbent |
Serbian Progressive Party | Vučević | SNS–SPS–DSHV–SDPS PUPS–PS–SNP–SPP–SSZ |
2023 |
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