5S (methodology)

5S (Five S) is a workplace organization method that uses a list of five Japanese words: seiri (整理), seiton (整頓), seisō (清掃), seiketsu (清潔), and shitsuke (躾). These have been translated^{[by whom?]} as 'sort', 'set in order', 'shine', 'standardize', and 'sustain'.^[1] The list describes how to organize a work space for efficiency and effectiveness by identifying and sorting the items used, maintaining the area and items, and sustaining the new organizational system. The decision-making process usually comes from a dialogue about standardization, which builds understanding among employees of how they should do the work.

5S methodology

5S resource corner at Scanfil Poland factory in Sieradz

In some quarters, 5S has become 6S, the sixth element being safety (safe).^[2]

Other than a specific stand-alone methodology, 5S is frequently viewed as an element of a broader construct known as visual control,^[3] visual workplace,^[4] or visual factory.^[5][6] Under those (and similar) terminologies, Western companies were applying underlying concepts of 5S before publication, in English, of the formal 5S methodology. For example, a workplace-organization photo from Tennant Company (a Minneapolis-based manufacturer) quite similar to the one accompanying this article appeared in a manufacturing-management book in 1986.^[7]

Origins

The scheme "Correct Arrangement of the Tool" from a USSR Central Institute of Labour instruction sheet, 1920–1924

5S was developed in Japan and was identified as one of the techniques that enabled just-in-time manufacturing.^[8]

Two major frameworks for understanding and applying 5S to business environments have arisen, one proposed by Takahashi and Osada, the other by Hiroyuki Hirano.^[9][10] Hirano provided a structure to improve programs with a series of identifiable steps, each building on its predecessor.

Before this Japanese management framework, a similar "scientific management" was proposed by Alexey Gastev and the USSR Central Institute of Labour (CIT) in Moscow.^[11]

Each S

There are five 5S phases. They can be translated to English as 'sort', 'set in order', 'shine', 'standardize', and 'sustain'. Other translations are possible.

Sort (seiri 整理)

1S – a red tag area containing items awaiting removal

Seiri is sorting through all items in a location and removing all unnecessary items from the location.

Goals:

• Reduce time loss looking for an item by reducing the number of unnecessary items.
• Reduce the chance of distraction by unnecessary items.
• Simplify inspection.
• Increase the amount of available, useful space.
• Increase safety by eliminating obstacles.

Implementation:

• Check all items in a location and evaluate whether or not their presence at the location is useful or necessary.
• Remove unnecessary items as soon as possible. Place those that cannot be removed immediately in a 'red tag area' so that they are easy to remove later on.
• Keep the working floor clear of materials except for those that are in use for production.

Set in order (seiton 整頓)

2S – simple floor marking

(Sometimes shown as Straighten)

Seiton is putting all necessary items in the optimal place for fulfilling their function in the workplace.

Goal:

• Make the workflow smooth and easy.

Implementation:

• Arrange work stations in such a way that all tooling/equipment is in close proximity, in an easy to reach spot and in a logical order adapted to the work performed. Place components according to their uses, with the frequently used components being nearest to the workplace.
• Arrange all necessary items so that they can be easily selected for use. Make it easy to find and pick up necessary items.
• Assign fixed locations for items. Use clear labels, marks or hints so that items are easy to return to the correct location and so that it is easy to spot missing items.

Shine (seiso 清掃)

3S – cleanliness point with cleaning tools and resources

Seiso is sweeping or cleaning and inspecting the workplace, tools and machinery on a regular basis.

Goals:

• Improves the production process efficiency and safety, reduces waste, prevents errors and defects.
• Keep the workplace safe and easy to work in.
• Keep the workplace clean and pleasing to work in.
• When in place, anyone not familiar to the environment must be able to detect any problems within 15 meters (50 ft) in 5 seconds.

Implementation:

• Clean the workplace and equipment on a daily basis, or at another appropriate (high frequency) cleaning interval.
• Inspect the workplace and equipment while cleaning.

Standardize (seiketsu 清潔)

Seiketsu is to standardize the processes used to sort, order and clean the workplace.

Goal:

• Establish procedures and schedules to ensure the repetition of the first three 'S' practices.

Implementation:

• Develop a work structure that will support the new practices and make it part of the daily routine.
• Ensure everyone knows their responsibilities of performing the sorting, organizing and cleaning.
• Use photos and visual controls to help keep everything as it should be.
• Review the status of 5S implementation regularly using audit checklists.

Sustain/self-discipline (shitsuke しつけ)

Shadow board (with tools' outlines) and worker's movement that is being used in production floor

Shitsuke or sustain is the developed processes by self-discipline of the workers. Also translates as "do without being told".

Goal:

• Ensure that the 5S approach is followed.

Implementation:

• Organize training sessions.

• 

  Example of 5s audit checklist

  Perform regular audits using 5s audit checklist^[1] to ensure that all defined standards are being implemented and followed.
• Implement improvements whenever possible. Worker inputs can be very valuable for identifying improvements.

Incorporation of Safety in the 6S Methodology

The 6S methodology represents an advanced form of the 5S methodology, incorporating Safety as a key element.^[12] This change positions Safety at the forefront, stressing its critical role in operational settings. Safety's integration fundamentally alters the approach to organizing workplaces, ensuring that safety considerations are integral from the outset. The 6S model promotes a comprehensive strategy where safety and operational processes are interlinked and equally important.^[13] This adaptation underscores the importance of active hazard prevention and a robust safety culture in improving overall workplace efficiency and employee health. To successfully implement the 6S Lean method in your workplace, you'll require:^[14]

1. A deep understanding and prior experience with the 5S methodology.
2. A mechanism for hazard identification and reporting.
3. Industry-specific safety training for heightened safety awareness.
4. A commitment to conduct regular discussions with employees about the principles and practices of 5S/6S.
5. Endorsement and continuous support from senior management, including the allocation of necessary resources.

Variety of applications

5S methodology has expanded from manufacturing and is now being applied to a wide variety of industries including health care, education, and government. Visual management and 5S can be particularly beneficial in health care because a frantic search for supplies to treat an in-trouble patient (a chronic problem in health care) can have dire consequences.^[15] Although the origins of the 5S methodology are in manufacturing,^[16] it can also be applied to knowledge economy work, with information, software, or media in the place of physical product.

In lean product and process development

The output of engineering and design in a lean enterprise is information, the theory behind using 5S here is "Dirty, cluttered, or damaged surfaces attract the eye, which spends a fraction of a second trying to pull useful information from them every time we glance past. Old equipment hides the new equipment from the eye and forces people to ask which to use".^[17]

See also

• Japanese aesthetics
• Just-in-time manufacturing
• Kaikaku
• Kaizen
• Kanban
• Lean manufacturing
• Muda
• Gogyo (traditional Japanese philosophy)

References

1. "5S audit checklist: Ready to use template & how to modify as you need". 10 January 2023.
2. Gapp, R., Fisher, R., Kobayashi, K. 2008. Implementing 5S within a Japanese Context: An Integrated Management System, Management Decision. 46(4): 565-579.
3. Ortiz, Chris A. and Park, Murry. 2010. Visual Controls: Applying Visual Management to the Factory. New York: Productivity Press.
4. Galsworth, Gwendolyn D. 2005. Visual Workplace: Visual Thinking. Portland, Ore: Visual-Lean Enterprise Press.
5. Greif, Michel. 1989. The Visual Factory: Building Participation through Shared Information. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Productivity Press.
6. Hirano, Hiroyuki, ed. 1988. JIT Factory Revolution: A Pictorial Guide to Factory Design of the Future. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Productivity Press.
7. Schonberger, Richard J. 1986. World Class Manufacturing: The Lessons of Simplicity Applied. New York: Free Press, p. 27.
8. Hirano, Hiroyuki. 1988. JIT Factory Revolution: A Pictorial Guide to Factory Design of the Future.
9. Hirano, Hiroyuki (1995). 5 Pillars of the Visual Workplace. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Productivity Press. ISBN 978-1-56327-047-5.
10. Osada, Takashi (1995). The 5S's: Five keys to a Total Quality Environment. US: Asian Productivity Organization. ISBN 978-9-28331-115-7. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
11. Managing «modernity»: work, community, and authority in late-industrializing Japan and Russia, Rudra Sil, Publisher: Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan Press, 2002
12. PhD, Bartosz Misiurek (2022-05-31). "5S system or 6S system?". Lean Community. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
13. "6S In Manufacturing | ManufacturingTomorrow". manufacturingtomorrow.com. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
14. "What is 6S Lean? 5S + Safety: A Guide". SafetyCulture. 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
15. Graban, Mark. 2012. Lean Hospitals: Improving Quality, Patient Safety, and Employee Engagement. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press.
16. "What Is 5S?".
17. Ward, Allen (March 2014). Lean Product and Process Development (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Lean Enterprise Institute. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-934109-43-4.