Sculptor Wall

The Sculptor Wall is a superstructure of galaxies ("wall of galaxies") relatively near to the Milky Way Galaxy (redshift of approximately z=0.03), also known as the Sculptor superclusters.^[1][2]

The local universe, including the Sculptor Wall

2MASS distance map of the local universe, including the primary Sculptor Supercluster

The superstructure is also called the Southern Great Wall, the Great Southern Wall, or just the Southern Wall, in reference to the Northern Great Wall. The structure is 8000 km/s long (where km/s indicates the rate of expansion between two objects at the extents of a superstructure), 5000 km/s wide, 1000 km/s deep, in redshift space dimensions.^[3][4] Because these structures are so large, it is convenient to estimate their size by measuring their redshift; using a value of 67.8 for Hubble's constant, the size of the structure is approximately 100 Mpc long by 70 Mpc wide by 10 Mpc deep.

The Grus Wall is "perpendicular" to the Fornax Wall and Sculptor Wall.^[5]

References

1. Fang, Taotao; Buote, David A.; Humphrey, Philip J.; et al. (May 2010). "Confirmation of X-Ray Absorption by WHIM in the Sculptor Wall". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (2): 1715–1724. arXiv:1001.3692. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714.1715F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1715. ISSN 0004-637X.
2. Fairall, A. P.; Palumbo, G. G. C.; Vettolani, G.; et al. (November 1990). "Largescale Structure in the Universe - Plots from the Updated Catalogue of Radial Velocities of Galaxies and the Southern Redshift Catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 247: 21P. Bibcode:1990MNRAS.247P..21F. ISSN 0035-8711. (slices 8 and 10 under SGH)
3. Fairall, A. P.; Paverd, W. R.; Ashley, R. P. (1994). "Visualization of Nearby Large-Scale Structures". Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. 67: 21. Bibcode:1994ASPC...67...21F.
4. Fairall, A. P. (August 1995). "Large-scale structures in the distribution of galaxies". Astrophysics and Space Science. 230 (1–2): 225–235. Bibcode:1995Ap&SS.230..225F. doi:10.1007/BF00658183. ISSN 0004-640X.
5. O'Meara, Stephen James (2013). Southern Gems. Deep-sky companions. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-107-01501-2.