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The Scout Association is the largest Scout organisation in the United Kingdom. Following the rapid development of the Scout Movement from 1907, The Scout Association was formed in 1910 and incorporated in 1912 by a royal charter under its previous name of The Boy Scouts Association.[1] It is a founding member organisation of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.
| The Scout Association | |||
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 The Scout Association logo | |||
| Age range | 4 to 25 (in various sub organisations) | ||
| Headquarters | Gilwell Park | ||
| Location | Chingford | ||
| Country | United Kingdom | ||
| Founded |
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| Founder | The Lord Baden-Powell | ||
| Membership |
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| Chief Scout | Dwayne Fields | ||
| UK Chief Volunteer | Carl Hankinson[3][4] | ||
| Chief Executive | Aiden Jones[5] | ||
| Chair | Jennie Price[3][4] | ||
| Patron Joint Presidents | The King The Princess of Wales The Duke of Kent | ||
| Affiliation | World Organization of the Scout Movement | ||
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| Website www | |||
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The organisation is the largest national Scout organisation in Europe, representing 35% of the participants of the European Scout Region.[6] As of 2024[update], the organisation claimed to provide activities to 444,682 infants to youths (aged 4–18) in the UK, with 83,792 direct adults leaders but 68,974 adults in "governance", "support" and other roles, which is more than one adult for each 3 children.[2] The organisation's participation declined 22% from 464,700 in 2018[7] and has not recovered despite commencing a programme for even younger children.
Its programmes include Squirrels (aged 4–6), Beavers (aged 6–8), Cubs (aged 8–10+1⁄2), Scouts (aged 10+1⁄2–14), Explorer Scouts (aged 14–18) and adult Network members (aged 18–25).
The organisation's current aim is to provide "fun, adventure and skills for life and give young people the opportunity to enjoy new adventures, experience outdoors and take part in a range of creative, community and international activities, interact with others, make new friends, gain confidence and have the opportunity to reach their full potential".[8]
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Membership is open to male and female participants, of all abilities, and of any religion including people outside any faith.
Gender
From 1912 to 1967, the organisation was called The Boy Scouts Association, and until 1976 only boys were admitted to its programmes.[9] In 1910, Baden-Powell created an entirely separate organisation with a different name, the Girl Guides for girls. From December 1916, following the introduction of the organisation's Wolf Cubs programme for 8 to 10 year olds, in which Vera Barclay played a pivotal role, the organisation permitted women to take on limited volunteer roles, working with the younger boys.[10] In 1976, girls were allowed to join the organisation's Venture Scouts for 16 to 20 year-olds. In 1991, the admission of girls to all the organisation's programmes became optional. Since 2007, this has been compulsory.[9] As of 2018[update], girls made up 71% of all new members, with approximately 2.5 girls for every boy. Girls also made up 27% of all the organisation's participants, with a total of 99,989 female participants, aged between 6 and 25. 69,460 adult women were involved in volunteer roles (being more than 1 adult female for every 2 female young people).[7]
The organisation's programmes are open to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other (LGBTQA+) young people and adults.[11][12]
Religion
The organisation's programmes are open to those of any religion or without a faith. There are variations of the organisation's Scout Promise to accommodate all religions or beliefs.[13] While originally requiring a promise of "Duty to God", following criticism, in October 2013, the organisation announced that an alternative version of the promise would be available from January 2014 to admit those without a pronounced faith.[14]
Disability
The organisation is open to all abilities. Flexibility is built-in to badge and award requirements for those with special needs. Some counties and areas have a specialist commissioner or adviser to support inclusion.[15] Robert Baden-Powell was keen to allow young people with disabilities to take part in Scouting.[16] The disabled branch (later called Extension Scouting) was formed in 1926. However, in more recent years, emphasis has been placed on integrating young people with disabilities into mainstream Groups. After the Second World War, specialist Agoonoree camps were run to cater for those unable to camp with their own Scout Groups, with some still running today.[17]
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Formation
For the origins of Boy Scouts and the Scout Movement, before the formation of The Scout Association, see Scouting.
The organisation was formed in 1910, in order to provide a national body in the United Kingdom which could organise and support the rapidly growing number of Scout patrols and troops, which had already formed spontaneously following the publication of Scouting for Boys and The Scout magazine in 1908.[18] It was also the wish of Robert Baden-Powell to separate control of the Scout Movement from his book's publisher. It was felt it was not given the status it deserved, as the publisher C. Arthur Pearson controlled much of Scouts.[18]
1910–1920: growth
The organisation grew and spread to much of the British Empire. In 1910, the organisation approved special uniforms for Sea Scouts and formally adopted use of the name in 1912.[19] On 4 January 1912, the organisation was incorporated throughout the British Empire by Royal charter for "the purpose of instructing boys of all classes in the principles of discipline loyalty and good citizenship".[1]
The organisation's programme was originally just for boys aged between 11 and 18. However, many girls and younger boys wanted to join in.[18] In 1910, a separate organisation, the Girl Guides were created by Baden-Powell and his sister, Agnes, to provide a more "proper" programme of activities.[18] In 1916, the organisation launched its Wolf Cubs, for boys aged 8 to 11.[20] In 1918, the organisation launched its Rovers for those over 18 who had grown out of being Scouts but wanted to be remain connected.[18]
During the First World War, more than 50,000 Scouts participated in some form of war work on the home front. Scout buglers sounded the "all clear" after air raids or air strike, others helped in hospitals and made up aid parcels; Sea Scouts assisted the Coastguard in watching the vulnerable East coast.[21]
In 1920, the organisation organised the first World Jamboree, held in Olympia, London, together with an international conference for leaders which led to the formation, in 1922, of the International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement now called the World Organization of the Scout Movement, of which the organisation was a founding member.[18]
The Boy Scouts Headquarters Gazette was first published in July 1909, as a publication for adult Scouters and administrators,[22] alongside The Scout, a magazine for youths which had been launched in April 1908.[23]
1920–1967
In 1929, the organisation hosted the 3rd World Scout Jamboree at Arrowe Park in Cheshire; some 56,000 Scouts from 35 countries attended, making it the largest World Scout Jamboree to date.[24] The first Gang Show, produced by Ralph Reader, opened at the Scala Theatre in London in October 1932.[25] Following the outbreak of World War II, over 50,000 Scouts trained under the National War Service scheme. Tasks undertaken included police messengers and stretcher bearers.[26] In January 1941, the organisation launched its Air Scout branch, allowing Scout Troops to specialise in activities related to aircraft and flying.
The organisation continued to be headed by Baden-Powell, as its Chief Scout and chairman for life until he retired to Kenya in 1938 where he died on 8 January 1941.[18] The organisation then appointed Lord Somers as its Chief Scout.[27]
Starting in 1944, the Scout International Relief Service (SIRS) sent teams of Rovers and Scouters to continental Europe to provide humanitarian aid; ten SIRS teams worked at the recently relieved Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.[28] After years of trial schemes, in 1946, the organisation launched its Senior Scout programme for Boy Scouts aged fifteen to eighteen years to form separate patrols or troops, with age appropriate activities and badges.[29] Scouts were prominent in their support of the 1948 Summer Olympics, playing leading roles in the open and closing ceremonies at Wembley Stadium and the sailing events at Torbay.[30] The first Bob a Job Week took place in April 1949, in which Scouts did small tasks for the public in return for a "bob" - colloquial name for the shilling coin (5 new pence) - to raise funds for the organisation and for C. Arthur Pearson's fund for the blind.[31] Over the organisation's history, some boys had been challenged to justify their enrolment because of their own or even their parents' religious or political beliefs. In the early 1950s, some Boy Scouts were dismissed or marginalized in their Scout Groups due to their involvement with the Young Communist League or related communist activities – the most high-profile case being that of Paul Garland from Bristol in 1954 which resulted in media reports and a debate in the House of Lords,[32] where the organisation's Chief Scout, Lord Rowallan, defended the organisation's political and religious discrimination based on foreign communist regimes' antipathy to Scout organisations and the organisation's policy and Scout Promise requiring adherence to an organised religion and not accepting atheists.[33] The matter was withdrawn without a division,[34] and it took 60 more years for the organisation to change its discriminatory policy and accept atheists.
In 1957, to commemorate fifty years of Scouting and the centenary of Baden-Powell's birth, the organisation hosted the 9th World Scout Jamboree, which took place at Sutton Park in Birmingham.[29]
1967–2001
The organisation's programmes went largely unchanged until it underwent a major review in the 1960s. The Chief Scouts' Advance Party was formed in 1964 and was sent to survey the organisation to see why participation was falling. Their report was published in 1966 and changes were implemented later that year and throughout 1967.[18] As a result, the word "boy" was dropped from the organisation's name which was changed to The Scout Association and major changes were made to the age sections and their respective programmes.[18] The youngest section were now named Cubs, the Boy Scout section was renamed simply as the Scout section and the Senior Scouts and Rovers sections were replaced with Venture Scouts for 16- to 20-year-olds.[18] The uniform were also changed with the inclusion of optional long trousers, as opposed to the compulsory wearing of shorts, and the wearing of a Beret instead of the Campaign hat.[18]
The Advance Party Report was not welcomed by all involved and a rival report, A Boy Scout Black Paper, was produced in 1970 by The Scout Action Group.[36] This provided alternative proposals for the development of the organisation and asked for groups that wished to continue to follow Baden-Powell's original scheme to be permitted to do so. The rejection of these proposals resulted in the formation of the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association.[37]
Several developments were made over the following years, including the admission of girls, initially restricted to the Venture Scouts section in 1976, but from 1991 junior sections were allowed to become mixed as well, starting in Bradford, West Yorkshire and working its way throughout the UK.[18] Parents of children involved with the organisation in Northern Ireland also began to organise activities for children who were too young for Cubs. Initially, only the leaders of these activities, nicknamed Beavers, were registered and organisation officials, with the children participating not being enrolled by the organisation until it formally adopted the programme in 1986.[18] In the late 1990s, a Muslim Scout Fellowship was formed, which by the end of 2007, had assisted the establishment of 13 Muslim Scout Groups in England and Wales.[13]
Despite these and other changes, the organisation's enrolments fell into a decline through the 1990s.[38] This spurred a major review into the causes of the decline in 1999.[39]
2001–2014
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The organisation found itself competing for young people's time against many other extracurricular activities and schools themselves which were increasingly venturing into the same types of activities. In addition, adult leaders became concerned with the growing litigation culture in the UK[40] and the negative stereotype as being old fashioned.[41]
To keep up with trends and appeal to audience new generation, a new uniform, designed by Meg Andrew, was launched in 2001. The uniform included a variety of bold colours, with the younger sections wearing sweatshirts and activity trousers.[41][42][43]
In 2002 the organisation launched its new vision towards 2012, which heralded another period of change.[43] The Venture Scouts programme was discontinued and two new sections were introduced: Scout Network for 18- to 25-year-olds, as well as Explorer Scouts for 14- to 18-year-olds. A new programme was introduced, complete with a new range of badges and awards covering a wider variety of topics such as Public Relations and Information Technology, developing practical and employability skills.[43][44] The new badges drew mixed reactions from several public figures, with some praising the organisation for "moving with the times" and others feeling the changes went "against the Scouting ethos of Baden-Powell".[45]
Further changes took place in 2003 when the organisation's Adult Training Scheme was relaunched to be more focused and targeted to the volunteers individual role as opposed to the more general training received before.[43]
The organisation also began to change in its focus, with a renewed emphasis on outdoor adventure and it now offers over 200 fun and adventurous activities from abseiling and archery while also offering a wider range of development opportunities, from coding to music and drama. In 2004 the organisation appointed television presenter Peter Duncan as its Chief Scout, who was succeeded by adventurer Bear Grylls in July 2009.[46] The organisation appointed its first UK Chief Commissioner, Wayne Bulpitt, on the same day, with a particular remit to support volunteers, grow and develop the organisation.[47]
The organisation hosted several major events during this time including EuroJam in 2005, hosting 10,000 Scouts and Guides from 40 countries, the 21st World Scout Jamboree in 2007 as well as playing a major role in the centenary celebrations of Scouting that same year, with celebration events organised on Brownsea Island.[43][48]
By 2010, census figures showed a strong upturn, with the organisation claiming its highest rate of growth in UK since 1972, with total claimed participation reaching just under half a million.[40][49] In 2014, the organisation claimed an increase in youth enrolments of 100,000 in the ten years since 2004.[citation needed] In 2016 it claimed eleven years of consecutive growth and an increase in female enrolment, with 25% of participants now female in the 25 years since girls were first welcomed in 1976.[citation needed]
The organisation claims one of its biggest challenges is encouraging more adults to volunteer to reduce the number of young people on waiting lists (cited at around 40,000). However, by its reported figures (above) it has a high ratio of more than 1 adult volunteer to 4 participant young people (see above), and "young people" includes adults aged 18 to 25. The effort to attract new volunteers received a boost when the Duchess of Cambridge announced her intention to become a volunteer leader for the organisation with a Scout Group near her Anglesey home. In the decade up to 2014, the number of adult volunteers increased by 14,596 to a total of over 104,000.[50]
2014–present
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A new Strategic Plan entitled Scouting for All was launched in 2014 to outline the organisation's focus to 2018. It proposed four key areas of activity: growth, inclusivity, youth-shaped Scouting[clarification needed] and community impact.[clarification needed][51] As part of this, in 2014, the organisation introduced the role of its national youth commissioner. The organisation's national youth commissioner works with its national leadership team; its chief executive, its Chief Scout, its chief commissioner and its chair of the board of trustees, to contribute to discussions on behalf of youths and ensuring key changes are subject to youth consultation. Counties and district units were encouraged to appoint their own youth commissioners for young people to have an opportunity to influence their activities.[52]
In October 2015, as part of the commitment to developing community impact, the organisation launched a three-year community impact project called "A Million Hands" to mobilise half a million Scouts to support four social issues chosen by their young people. Its aim is to build real and lasting relationships in communities that will enable young people to continue taking "social action" long into the future. The project works in partnership with six key charities; Mind, Alzheimer's Society, Leonard Cheshire Disability, Guide Dogs, Water Aid and Canal & River Trust to support the four key issues of dementia, disability, mental wellbeing and resilience and clean water and sanitation.[53]
Also in 2015, Dr Ann Limb was appointed chair of the organisation, the first woman to hold the post.[54] Already Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Limb was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to young people and philanthropy.[55][56][57][58]
In September 2016, Tim Kidd replaced Wayne Bulpitt as the organisation's chief commissioner.[59] Kidd has been involved with the organisation his whole life, starting as a Cub and then as a volunteer, in various leadership roles including Scout leader, district commissioner and county commissioner. In the 2016 Birthday Honours, Kidd was appointed an OBE for services to young people.[60] Kidd's term will end in September 2021, with applications open for a replacement in September 2020.[61]
Throughout 2016, the organisation celebrated the centenary of its Cub section, named Cubs100. The centenary celebrations marked the launch of the fully developed Wolf Cub programme on 16 December 2016, a date which is regarded[by whom?] as the "official[by whom?] birthday of Cubs".[clarification needed] Adventurer Steve Backshall was appointed Cubs100 Ambassador to raise the profile of the anniversary year.[62] A range of events took place throughout 2016, from adventure camps to locally organised "promise parties" on 16 December itself, at which Cubs renewed their promises. One promise [arty in Kings Lynn was attended by the Duchess of Cambridge.[63]
In May 2018, the organisation announced a new 'Skills For Life' strategy as its focus to 2023. Its objectives are similar (with the same outcomes of growth, inclusivity, youth shaped Scouting[clarification needed] and community impact)[clarification needed], however there is now more of a framework[clarification needed] to develop and achieve the objectives[clarification needed].[64] Alongside the new strategy launch, the organisation launched new branding to support the strategy and change the then 17-year-old logo. The major changes included a new typeface for documents and literature from the organisation, new colours with an updated corporate logo. This was introduced to the organisation on a two-year transition period.[65]
As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020, the organisation's face-to-face activities were suspended and weekly meetings had to be delivered through Zoom. To support this, the organisation launched an online package of activities called "the Great Indoors" and a national fund raising campaign called "Hike to the Moon" in aid of those affected by the crisis, as well as online briefings for adult leaders.[66] Despite these initiatives, in May 2021 it was announced that enrolment numbers had fallen by over 100,000 (from 480,083 to 362,752), with the number of adult leaders falling from 156,000 in 2020 to just under 141,000, reported to be the largest drop in numbers since 1941.[67] The financial situation of the association declined during the pandemic and in the aftermath, necessitating the selling of an activity centre and hostel and 150 staff being made redundant.[68] Additionally, a recruitment campaign for 10,000 volunteer leaders was launched to replace volunteers who departed and build capacity for the high demand from young people.[69] Despite the associations efforts, membership in the early years of the 2020s did not rise as quickly as they had expected, requiring further staff redundancies in April 2024 to cover missing membership fees.[70]
Announced as part of the Skills For Life strategic plan in May 2018, from 2019 the organisation trialled an early years programme section. The name initially chosen for the pilots, involving children aged 4–6 years, was Hedgehogs and involved a programme funded by the Department for Education and delivered either as an organisation-led programme, a parent-led programme or a partner-led early years programme.[71] The aim of the pilot was to explore early years provision with children of this age and determine whether this is a route the organisation should take.[71] The organisation decided to proceed with the pilot and the phased roll out of the section over a period of years[72] until it was in a position to introduce the section formally, now under the name Squirrels, in September 2021. The name was chosen after field testing in communities underrepresented in the organisation's programmes, and because of the support of the Northern Ireland Squirrel Association that subsequently merged into the organisation after 25 years of independent operation alongside the organisation in Northern Ireland. The name is also recognised by many due to its links to the popular children's programme Hey Duggee.[73] Squirrels wear a red sweatshirt uniform and meet in Dreys organised within Scout groups.[74] The initial 200 dreys were targeted to areas previously under-served by the organisation including diverse areas and those comprising a high number of low income households.[75]
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The organisation consists of between just 300 and 500 members, called the "council" in its incorporating charter.[1] The majority of the council are elected by the council itself with the council or its board also appointing all its officers and all commissioner members. Even those nominated by Scout Counties to the council require previous appointment to their positions or approval by the council's board or officers appointed by the board.
The council elects a board (called the board of trustees and formerly called the committee of the council), which manages the organisation, determines its "Policy, Organisation and Rules" (POR),[76][77] nominates members of the council and makes all appointments within the organisation.
Patron, officers and paid staff
The King is patron of the organisation.[78][79] Its joint presidents are The Duke of Kent and The Princess of Wales.
The council elects the organisation's Chief Scout. In September 2024, Bear Grylls, announced his resignation from the role.[80] The organisation's Chief Commissioner, currently Carl Hankinson, acts as its Deputy Chief Scout and appoints a team of commissioners who are responsible for programmes in their respective fields.
The board employ paid staff to implement their directions and policies. The chief executive, currently Aidan Jones October 2024,[81] manages the work of the headquarters staff.[82]
In 2014, the organisation created the roles of Youth Commissioner and Deputy Youth Commissioner to work with the national leadership team to advocate on behalf of youth participants.[83][84]
In September 2024, it was announced that Dwayne Fields would succeed Grylls as Chief Scout.[85][86]
Geographic divisions
The organisation is divided into national groupings for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. While the organisation in England is managed directly by the UK Headquarters, each of the other nations has its own organisation council and administration.[82] Each of national divisions is further broken up into local Counties for England and Northern Ireland, Areas for Wales, Regions for Scotland and a Balliwick in the case of Guernsey, which generally follow the boundaries of ceremonial counties.[87] The County/Area/Region are usually broken down further into a number of Scout Districts which usually cover a town, some or all of a city or a section of a larger region such as the New Forest.[87] These districts are made up of several Scout Groups.[87]
Scout Groups
Scout Groups are local scout organisations registered with the organisation, and some are the direct descendants of the original Scout Patrols and Scout Troops. Groups can consist of one or more Squirrel Dreys, Beaver Colonies, Cub Packs, and Scout Troops and may also have one or more Scout Active Support Units, or an Explorer Scout Unit attached to it. Scout Groups only manage the first three sections, with Explorer Scouts and Scout Networks managed by the Scout District.
Scout Groups are led by volunteers. There's a volunteer Group Scout Leader, whose main role is handling communication between the local District and the Section Leaders. They also help to make sure that the Scout Group meets the minimum standard required by the organisation.[88]
Commissioners and committees
At all levels, the organisation is managed by committees, referred to as trustee boards and previously as executive committees.[89] The roles of committees are distinct from the roles of volunteers such as group and section leaders.[90] Scout group committees include the group leader and section leaders.[91][89]
All Scout adult volunteers, such as section leaders, are unpaid,[92] There are around 120,000 adult volunteers.[93] In addition to this number, the organisation employs 198 full-time and part-time staff to support the work of its adult volunteers.[94] Senior volunteers in the organisation are called 'Commissioners'. Every County/Area/Region[95][96] and District[97] is headed by a Commissioner who is responsible for ensuring the Districts/Groups under their jurisdiction meet the standards set by the organisation. They receive support from Growth and Development Officers in England, who are employed by the Regional Services Team and deployed locally to help support the organisation's objectives.[98] Commissioners in the other nations receive support from Field Commissioners, employed and directed differently. District Commissioners report to the County/Area/Regional Commissioner, who in turn report to the UK Chief Commissioner.
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Core sections
The organisation has six age programmes to cater for youth aged between 4 and 25 years of age:
| Section | Ages | Controlled by | Activities | Introduced | 2021 Enrolments[99] | 2023 Enrolments[100] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Squirrels | 4–6 | Group | Play, learn and get outdoors. | 2019 (piloted), 2021 launched | – | 10,586 |
| Beavers | 6–8 | Group | Try new things, make new friends. | 1986 | 82,662 | 112,750 |
| Cubs | 8–10+1⁄2 | Group | Master new skills, have adventures. | 1916 | 122,169 | 142,273 |
| Scouts | 10+1⁄2–141⁄2 | Group | Explore the world, challenge yourself. | 1910 | 111,804 | 126,133 |
| Explorer Scouts | 141⁄2–18 | District | Take the lead, embrace change. | 2002 | 36,582 | 44,273 |
| Scout Network | 18–25 | District | Be the best you can be. | 2002 | 9,535 | 8,143 |
The core five sections (Squirrels to Explorers) are each led by a section leader and aided by assistant leaders, sectional assistants, parent helpers and young leaders, who are Explorer Scouts trained in leadership techniques. Scout Networks are mainly participant led but are assisted by a Network Commissioner who ensures that the Network is working within the rules of the organisation. In addition to adult leadership, the organisation encourages its participants themselves to take on positions of responsibility for their section meetings. This can be through responsibility for a group, such as the Patrol Leader and Assistant Patrol Leader in Scouts and Sixers and Seconders in Cubs, or through sectional forums to feedback on programmes. The Scout section also have the role of Senior Patrol Leader, usually someone about to move on to Explorers who overlooks all the patrols, and Explorers are openly encouraged to run evenings and to plan their own meetings.[101]
Air and Sea Scouts
Some Scout Groups offer special Scouting programmes called Air Scouts and Sea Scouts. Both programmes follow the same core programme in all sections but can add more aeronautical or nautical emphasis, with some Scout Troops or Explorer Scout Units choosing to seek to be recognised by the Royal Air Force or Royal Navy. In the United Kingdom there are approximately 400 Sea Scout Groups, of which about 25% (101 Groups) are Royal Navy recognised,[102] whilst of 117 Air Scout Groups, 43 are recognised by the RAF.[103] The number of Troops or Units that can be recognised in either scheme is strictly limited and recognition is only awarded to those which meet the requirements and pass an inspection by a service officer. Recognised Troops or Units are inspected biennially and only retain their recognised status if they have continued to meet the required standards.[104]
Adult roles and appointments
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The organisation's Patron was the late Queen Elizabeth II. The organisation's current joint presidents are the Duke of Kent and Princess of Wales.[105]
Below these are the officials of the organisation's headquarters, including the organisation's Chief Scout, who is honorary head of the organisation and its public face, and its chief commissioner, who is in charge of the volunteers in the organisation and of the other commissioners. Below these are the commissioners for the nations, regions, counties, areas and districts, all of whom are assisted by deputies and assistant commissioners who can oversee and advise on a particular area of responsibility – for example an assistant district commissioner for Beavers particularly ensures that that section in the district is abiding to the organisation's rules. The final managerial role in the organisation is that of the Group Scout Leader and their deputy, who are both in charge of a local Scout group. All of these roles are uniformed and for those volunteer roles from County level downwards training is required in the basic values of the organisation, safety and child protection (safeguarding), inclusion and advanced managerial skills to achieve their Wood Badge.[106]
At the local sectional level, a section is run by a leader, who is in overall charge of the section, and by assistant leaders, who assist the leader in their role. These roles are uniformed and also require training to achieve their Wood Badge, although their training content consists of the basic values of the organisation, inclusion, camping and Scout skills and administration.[106] They are also required to complete First Aid, safety and child protection training every three years.[106]
Below leaders are the uniformed role of Sectional Assistant and the non-uniformed role of Occasional Helper.[107] The Sectional Assistant has to complete basic training consisting of the values of the organisation, safety and child protection only while an occasional helper is a non-uniformed role and requires only to have a criminal records check by the Disclosure and Barring Service. In addition, there are Young Leaders who must complete training in child protection and safety and then have the option to complete further modules on topics that mirror the adult training programme.[108]
Adults can also join Scout Active Support Units that provide a variety of services to the organisation at group, district, county/area or national level. These units allow adults to support organisation's activities without having the full-time commitment of a leadership role.[109]
Safeguarding guidance is issued in the form of a "yellow card", which all adults within the movement must follow. The yellow card was revised in January 2024 with a requirement that any safeguarding concern must now be reported directly to the organisation's head office.[110]
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Programme history
The youth programme has been developed and expanded from Baden-Powell's original Scout training scheme, which aimed to encourage personal achievement and provide a framework for the activities of the Scout Troop. In the Boy Scout section, this consisted of the award of badges for Tenderfoot, Second and First Class Scout and finally King's Scout, which were earned by passing tests in a wide variety of skills associated with the outdoors, health and good citizenship.[111] With the creation of the Wolf Cub section in 1916, a similar system was devised, the awards being Tenderpad, First Star and Second Star, and an award called the Leaping Wolf was added later which required Cubs to move up to the Scout Troop.[112] In parallel with this scheme, Cubs and Scouts were able to earn Proficiency Badges for specific skills and hobbies, an idea that Baden-Powell probably copied from Ernest Thompson Seton.[113] The test requirements for Baden-Powell's scheme were revised in 1944 and again in 1958 without altering the basic structure.[114]
The 1966 Advance Party Report recommended a wholly new Progressive Training Scheme; for Cubs the Bronze, Silver and Gold Arrows, for Scouts the Scout Standard, Advanced Scout Standard and Chief Scout's Award and for the new Venture Scout Section, the Venture Award and the Queen's Scout Award which focused on long-term service and commitment as well as the completion of an expedition lasting four days and fifty miles. These changes were implemented in October 1967.[115] From then on, the programme has been subject to regular revision; the Scout standards were replaced in 1984 by the Scout Award, Pathfinder Award and Explorer Award with a fully revised Chief Scout's Award. The Cub arrows were replaced in 1991 with the Cub Award, Adventure Award and Adventure Crest Award. All these awards were replaced following the introduction of the Programme Review in February 2002. A new concept called the Balanced Programme replaced the previous scheme. Challenge Awards could be earned by participating in activities in various Programme Zones such as outdoors, fitness, community or international. Earning a certain number of Challenge Awards and the completion of a personal challenge led to the Bronze Chief Scout's Award for Beavers, Silver for Cubs and Gold for Scouts. Proficiency Badges were revised and renamed Activity Badges.[116] In 2015, the programme was revised again following consultation within the organisation, the changes being called the Programme Refresh.[117]
Award scheme
The previous Programme Zones have been replaced by three themes, being "outdoor and adventure", "world" and "skills". It is recommended for all sections that about 50% of the programme be devoted to outdoor and adventure skills and activities. The structure of Challenge Badges and Chief Scout's Awards has been retained but the content has been revised and made "more challenging". Beavers have to earn six Challenge Badges to Gain the Bronze Chief Scout's Award, Cubs seven for the Silver and Scouts nine for the Gold.[118] The final three awards, The Chief Scout's Platinum and Diamond Awards and The King's Scout Award are available in the Explorer Scout and Scout Network sections. These three awards build on the requirements of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award at Bronze, Silver and Gold level respectively, consisting of a period of time volunteering in the local community, a prolonged physical activity, the advancement of a skill and the undertaking an expedition, allowing a participant to achieve both the DofE and the Scout award at the same time. In addition, these three awards do not have to be completed in order, and participants can skip straight to a specific award, although additional work is involved. Achieving The King's Scout Award is seen as a significant event on a national scale; recipients of the award are invited to join the St George's Day service at Windsor Castle the year after completing the scheme, and parade before The King or his representative, usually a member of the Royal Family.[119]
Awards for gallantry, meritorious conduct and good service
The Cornwell Scout Badge may be awarded to youths who display "pre-eminently high character and devotion to duty, together with great courage and endurance". Anyone registered with the organisation may be awarded the Gilt Cross or the Silver Cross for gallantry, or the Bronze Cross for "special heroism or action in the face of extraordinary risk". The Chief Scout's Commendation for Meritorious Conduct and the Medal of Meritorious Conduct may also be awarded to any registered participant.[120] Adult leaders and supporters are awarded the Chief Scout's Length of Service Award which marks the number of years of service in any role. More distinguished good service by an adult may be marked by the award of a Commendation Award (formerly known as a Commissioner's Commendation Award),[121] the Chief Scout's Commendation for Good Service, the Award for Merit, the Silver Acorn or ultimately, the Silver Wolf,[122] which is the unrestricted gift of the Chief Scout and is awarded for service of "a most exceptional nature".[123]
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Variation of a Scout Promise are made by all participants of the organisation from the Scout section upwards, including leaders with variations for different faiths or for participants from other countries, whose allegiance is pledged to the country and not the monarch:[124]
On my honour, I promise that I will do my best,
To do my duty to God and to The King,
To help other people,
And to keep the Scout Law.
For Squirrels, Beavers and Cubs, a simpler promise is used: Cubs utilise the normal promise with the omission of the opening 'On my honour' and a change in the final line "to keep the Cub Law", while Beavers and Squirrels use a different promise altogether:
I promise to do my best,
To be kind and helpful,
And to love God.
In addition to the promise, there is a Scout Law which dictates what qualities a Scout should hold. The Scout Law is as follows:
- A Scout is to be trusted.
- A Scout is loyal.
- A Scout is friendly and considerate.
- A Scout belongs to the world-wide family of Scouts.
- A Scout has courage in all difficulties.
- A Scout makes good use of time and is careful of possessions and property.
- A Scout has self-respect and respect for others.
This law is used for all sections except Cubs, Beavers and Squirrels. Beavers and Squirrels have no law. The Cub law is different again:
Cubs always do their best,
think of others before themselves
and do a good turn every day.
The Scout motto, used by the organisation as with many other Scouting organisations, is 'Be Prepared'.
Variations of the promise
There are permitted variations to the original Scout Promise to accommodate those whose faith or national allegiance are different.[13] The organisation expects that the phrases "...duty to God" and "...to love God" will be suitable for most faiths "including Christians, Hindus, Jews, Muslims and Sikhs". Muslims who have difficulty with the phrase "On my honour" because of the Islamic proscription of swearing oaths, are able to say "In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent the Most Merciful..." instead if they prefer. Also, "...duty to Allah and to The King" may be used. Hindus and Buddhists may promise "...duty to my Dharma".[125]
Foreign nationals resident in the United Kingdom are able to promise to do their "...duty to God and to the country in which I am now living", although British subjects must include The King in their promise.[125]
In 2012 the organisation reviewed its fundamentals and launched a consultation to ask its participants whether an alternative version of the Scout Promise should be developed for atheists and those unable to make the existing commitment.[126] In 2013 it was announced that the consultation had led to the addition of an alternative promise for humanists and atheists.[127] Taking effect on 1 January 2014, participants can choose to replace "duty to God" with "to uphold our Scout values". The change has been welcomed by representatives of the Church of England, the Roman Catholic Church, the Free Churches Group and the British Humanist Association.[128] The alternative promise takes the following form:
On my honour, I promise that I will do my best,
To uphold our Scout values, to do my duty to The King,
To help other people,
And to keep the Scout Law.
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History of uniform
In Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell recommended a distinctive and practical uniform that was "very like the uniform worn by my men when I commanded the South African Constabulary".[129] This in turn, seems to have been derived from the dress adopted by Baden-Powell in the Second Matabele War of 1896, influenced by his friend and colleague, Frederick Russell Burnham.[130] The original Boy Scout uniform consisted of a khaki shirt and shorts, a neckerchief or "scarf", campaign hat and a Scout staff. At the formation of the Wolf Cub section in 1916, Baden-Powell wanted to make the younger boys totally distinct from the older Boy Scouts; the result was a green woollen jersey, shorts, neckerchief and a green cricket cap with gold piping.[112] In 1946, the new Senior Scout section were allowed to wear a maroon beret instead of the hat; a green beret became an option for the Boy Scout section in 1954.[29]
In 1966, the Advance Party Report recommended a total redesign and modernisation of the uniform, commenting that there had been much criticism of "the Boer War appearance of our uniforms" and that the "wearing of shorts by members of the Movement is one of the most damaging aspects of our present public image".[131] Although the Cub uniform barely changed, retaining short trousers, the Scout section were to wear a long sleeved dark green shirt and long trousers in a brownish colour described as "mushroom". Venture Scouts and male Scouters had identical khaki shirts and mushroom trousers, but the neckerchief was replaced by a tie, brown for Venture Scouts and green for Scouters. Female Scouters had a dark green dress and a cap similar to those worn by airline flight attendants at the time.[132] These recommendations were accepted and implemented from October 1967.[133]
Later amendments included khaki shirts for female Venture Scouts and Scouters, the abolition of all uniform headgear except Sea Scout caps and Air Scout berets, and black long trousers for Cubs as an option to shorts. A grey sweatshirt was introduced for the new Beavers section in 1986 and a dark green sweatshirt replaced the Cubs' knitted jersey. The uniforms of this era would feature on the organisation's Coat of Arms, which features two bearers wearing uniforms of the pre-Advance Party Report and some that were current at the time of the award in 1969. Certificates with the design would remain in use until May 2021.[134]
In 2001, following a consultation process within the organisation, a new range of uniforms designed by Meg Andrews was launched on Founder's Day, 22 February.[135]
Uniforms
Squirrels
Squirrels uniform is a red sweatshirt, a neckerchief and a woggle.[136]
Beavers
Beavers uniform consists of a turquoise sweatshirt, a neckerchief and woggle. Uniform options decided on at the group level include navy blue shorts, a grey fleece jacket and a navy blue baseball cap. A navy blue skirt may be worn as a personal choice. Navy blue combat trousers (formally referred to as "activity trousers") and a turquoise polo shirt may be worn as activity dress.[42]
Cubs
Cubs uniform consists of a dark green sweatshirt, a neckerchief and a woggle identifying the cub's six (subdivision of a pack). Uniform options decided on at the group level include navy blue shorts, a grey fleece jacket, a navy blue jacket and a navy blue baseball cap. A navy blue skirt may be worn as a personal choice. Navy blue combat trousers and a dark green polo shirt may be worn as activity dress.[42]
Scouts
Scout uniform consists of a teal green long sleeved shirt or blouse, navy blue combat trousers (or navy blue skirt), group neckerchief, woggle and a Scout belt. Uniform options decided on at the group level include navy blue shorts, a grey fleece jacket, a navy blue jacket and a navy blue baseball cap. Navy blue combat trousers and a teal green polo shirt may be worn as activity dress.[42]
Sea Scout uniform is the same as the main Scout uniform except a dark blue jersey and/or a light blue shirt or blouse are worn. Sea Scouts wear a round seaman's cap with "Sea Scout" a "Sea Scout" tally band. An additional group option is for a lanyard with a bosun's call.[42]
Air Scout uniform is the same as the main Scout uniform except that the shirt/blouse is light blue and a blue-grey beret is worn.[42]
Explorer Scouts
As for Scouts, but with a beige shirt or blouse and the explorer Scout belt may be worn. The optional activity uniform polo shirt is beige.[42]
Explorer Sea Scouts wear similar uniforms except that a light blue shirt or blouse, smart navy blue trousers and a round seamans cap with "Explorer Sea Scout" tallyband or a white-topped officer's peaked cap (depending on group). The lanyard and bosun's call is an option decided at group level. Explorer Air Scouts wear the light blue shirt or blouse, smart navy blue trousers and a blue-grey beret. Explorer Sea Scouts and Air Scouts may wear a blue tie instead of the neckerchief, an additional activity uniform top option for both units is a navy blue sweatshirt.[42]
Adult participants (including Network)
As for Explorer Scouts, but with a shirt of a light khaki colour, described as "stone" which may be short sleeved. A tie may be worn by all adults and smart trousers may be worn instead of combat trousers. The activity uniform top is a navy blue polo shirt, an optional navy blue sweatshirt or stone-coloured polo shirt may be worn instead.[42]
Adult leaders in Sea Scout units wear uniforms similar to Sea Scout explorers except that the only headgear is the officers hat and an option of a tricorne hat for women. Aduld leaders in Air Scout groups wear uniform identical to air Scout explorers.[42]
Kilts
All participants in Scotland or those entitled to do so by descent may wear a tartan kilt or skirt. This can be either their own tartan or the Scout tartan pattern; to be worn with a plain leather sporran, green knee-length socks and gartar tabs and black shoes. Participants in Northern Ireland or those entitled to do so by descent may wear a saffron kilt or skirt. This should be worn with a plain leather sporran; traditional coloured plain socks; black or brown shoes (all participants in a section should wear the same coloured socks and shoes). A tailored outer jacket may be worn with either kilt.[42]
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The organisation is a registered charity.[137] The organisation's finances are collected through a variety of ways. Participants pay for the organisation's programmes through an annual capitation or registration fee, and subscriptions to the local group, paid termly, monthly or weekly depending on local preference. The registration fee pays for participant insurance and for the services and leader support provided by their district, country (or equivalent) and headquarters. The national registration fee for 2021–22, for all participants under 18, is £36.50 (or £36.00 for prompt payment by 23 April 2021), an increase of £7.50 compared to the 2020–21 fee.[138] Of this, £1.50 is a reserved contribution ring-fenced to support any Groups who cannot access funding.[139] Subs are used to pay for the day-to-day running of activities, pay for materials and to finance the section's meeting place.[citation needed]
To lessen the burden on participants, many Groups undertake local fundraising and utilise additional methods of funding, such as Gift Aid. In addition, headquarters operates several other ventures open to those outside of the organisation, the profits of which are returned to the organisation.[citation needed]
Scout Community Week
Scout Community Week is a campaign of the organisation and its biggest national fundraising event. It is a revival and updated version of the earlier "Bob-a-Job" Week (started in 1949) and later "Scout Job Week" in which Scouts were paid small sums of money for completing usually domestic tasks for local residents.[31] The modern Scout Community Week involves Scouts from all sections of the organisation taking part in community work in exchange for a donation to the group. Re-introduced in 2012, the event has attracted media attention.[140]
Commercial ventures
The organisation operates several ventures that offer an enhancement to its programmes but also services consumers outside its programmes. The profits are returned to the organisation to subsidise the running of the Scout programme and to reduce the burden of financing on the participants themselves.[141]
The Scout Adventures brand is run directly from within the organisation and is responsible for running a network of national activity centres open to the organisation's participants and other organisations including schools and other youth groups. Its turnover and profits form part of the charitable activities of the organisation and contributed £4.9 million in the year up to 31 March 2020.[142]
In addition, the organisation owns 100% of the following subsidiary companies which provide trading income to the organisation:
- Scout Shops Ltd trading as Scout Store sells the organisation's uniforms, equipment and gifts online and on the high street by supplying local Scout shops run mostly by Scout Districts. In the year up to 31 March 2020, it had a turnover of £9.4 million with their taxable profits of £3 million returned to the organisation.[143]
- World Scout Shop Ltd sells similar merchandise and gifts to the Scout Store but to a global market along with exclusive WOSM items. It was created in 2011 at the 22nd World Scout Jamboree in Sweden and uses the same infrastructure as the Scout Store. In the year up to 31 March 2020, it had a turnover of £500,000 with their taxable profits of £30,000 returned to the organisation.[143]
- Scout Insurance Services Ltd trading as Unity Insurance Services is an insurance broker providing insurance solutions tailored to the movement and other charities and similar non-profit organisations including Girlguiding. In the year up to 31 March 2020, it had a turnover of £2.4 million and a pre-tax profit of £1.2 million.[143]
- Scout Insurance (Guernsey) Ltd. acts as the insurance underwriters for the organisation and Unity and paid its net profit pre-tax of £200,000 as a dividend to the organisation.[143]
- Scout Services Ltd. manages the organisation's property, runs the conference centres located at Gilwell Park and 65 Queen's Gate and manages sponsorship and marketing for the organisation such as selling advertising space in the Scouting Magazine.[144] In the year up to 31 March 2020, it had a turnover of £3.8 million and a pre-tax profit of £700,000.[143] This subsidiary has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic as the organisation announced the cessation of the printed Scouting Magazine, the closure of the Gilwell Park conference centre and the selling of the 65 Queen's Gate site.[145]
Former commercial ventures include the Scout Holiday Homes Trust which operated ten properties across the UK catering for those with low incomes or disabilities between 1969 and 2011 when the assets were transferred to the independent Holiday Homes Trust which maintains some links with the Scouts.[146][147]
Across the country, over 900 campsites are owned by the organisation; usually they are owned and operated by a Scout District or County.[148] These campsites are also used by others outside the organisation to gain additional income for the Scout county or district.
Twelve sites are branded and operated as Scout Adventure Centres, providing camping sites and affordable adventurous activities. These are Gilwell Park on the London/Essex border, Buddens in Dorset, Crawfordsburn in County Down, Downe in Kent, Fordell Firs in Fife, Great Tower in the Lake District, Hawkhirst in Northumberland, Lochgoilhead on Loch Lomond, Meggernie in Perthshire, Woodhouse Park in Gloucestershire, Youlbury in Oxfordshire and Yr Hafod in Snowdonia.[citation needed]
In addition to these sites, the organisation historically ran two conference centres, one within Gilwell Park, and another at a separate site in central London, Baden-Powell House. Baden-Powell House was an Association hostel, that provided cheap accommodation for central London trips.[149] Both these facilities were closed in 2020 due to the financial pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic.[150]
Girlguiding UK
The Scout Association and Girlguiding UK are separate organisations but were both founded by Robert Baden-Powell and share similar aims and methods. Co-operation between the organisation and GirlGuiding UK is encouraged at all levels.[151] 'Joint Groups' of Scout and Guide units meeting separately in the same headquarters and operating under the same support structure are recognized and encouraged by both organisations. It is also possible to have a 'Joint Unit', which may consist of Rainbow Guides and Beavers, or Brownie Guides and Cubs, or Guides and Scouts. They meet together as a single unit, sharing leadership and facilities but individual participants wear the uniform and follow the training programme of the organisation that they belong to.[152] Members of Girlguiding UK are invited to join the United Kingdom Scout Contingent to participate in the World Scout Jamborees every four years.[153]
The Scout Association in Ireland
The Scout Association of Northern Ireland co-exists in the province with Scouting Ireland which is the World Organization of the Scout Movement recognized organisation for the Republic of Ireland. The two organisations have been increasingly working in partnership; they jointly run a project called "Scoutlink" which delivers citizenship and peace building programmes with a range of groups in Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic.[154]
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award
The Scout Association is one of more than 2,600 "Licensed Organisations" that operate the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme.[155] Scout participation in the scheme started in February 1959, having been unable to join the 1956 experimental launch due to the 1957 Golden Jubilee of Scouting events and the 1958 revision of the Scout badge programme.[156]
The organisation has had many notable past participants, with the following selection being the best known:
- David Attenborough – broadcaster and naturalist[157]
- David Beckham – England international footballer and former captain[157]
- Tony Blair – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom[158]
- Chris Bonington – mountaineer[159]
- David Bowie – singer-songwriter, producer and actor[160]
- Richard Branson – Virgin Group Founder[158]
- Ronnie Corbett – actor and comedian who worked with Ronnie Barker in the British television comedy series The Two Ronnies[161]
- Bear Grylls – adventurer and television personality and the organisation's former Chief Scout
- John Major – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom[157]
- Paul McCartney – singer/songwriter/bassist of the Beatles and Wings[157]
- John Lennon – singer/songwriter of the Beatles attended the 3rd Allerton Scout Group in Liverpool.[157]
- George Michael – singer/songwriter[157]
- Cliff Richard – singer[157]
- Keith Richards – guitarist and songwriter of the Rolling Stones[158]
- Harold Wilson – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom[162]
History
Following the origin of Scouting, Scout organisations formed in many parts of the British Empire. Some of these organisations later became branches of The Boy Scouts Association after its formation. In other cases, The Boy Scouts Association started branches itself in parts of British Empire. The Boy Scouts Association's "Headquarters" in London was renamed "Imperial Headquarters" (IHQ).[163] The Boy Scouts International Bureau was formed in 1920 and became fully functional under the International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement in 1922. Subsequently, The Boy Scouts Association branches in the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, and South Africa were given the option of being "separately represented" with the Boy Scouts International Bureau, but chose instead to remain under IHQ control. Over time, many of the branches of The Scout Association became direct members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement; for instance, Scouts Canada in 1946[164] and The Scout Association of Hong Kong in 1977.[165]
Overseas branches
The organisation has branches in the British overseas territories and Crown Dependencies, as well as some small independent nations.[166] Non-sovereign territories in which the organisation operates programmes include:
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Sovereign countries in which the organisation operates programmes, as they are without independent Scouting organisations, include:
British Scouting Overseas
The UK Scout programme is also offered to British citizens living outside of the United Kingdom via the British Scouting Overseas (BSO) Area. BSO has 4 Scout "Districts" in Southern Europe, Middle East, Northern Europe and Rest of the World, and a total of 55 Scout Groups, in 26 countries.[167]
British Scouting Overseas was formed, on 1 April 2012, from an amalgamation of the British Groups Abroad and British Scouts in Western Europe Scout "Areas". At that point, there were 5 districts in France & Iberia, Middle East, Benelux & Scandinavia, Germany and Rest of the World. Since that point, Benelux & Scandinavia has merged with Germany, to create the Northern Europe district. In June 2021, France & Iberia District transitioned into Southern Europe after the addition of a group in Italy.
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