Royal Basilica of Saint Francis the Great

The Royal Basilica of Saint Francis the Great (Spanish: Real Basílica de San Francisco el Grande) is a Roman Catholic church in central Madrid, Spain, located in the neighborhood of Palacio.

Royal Basilica of Saint Francis the Great
Basílica de San Francisco el Grande
General information
Status	Minor basilica, bien de interés cultural
Type	Church
Location	Gran Vía de San Francisco, 19, Madrid, Spain
Coordinates	40.4105°N 3.7144°W / 40.4105; -3.7144
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Francisco Cabezas [es], Antonio Plo [es], Francesco Sabatini

The main façade faces the Plaza of San Francisco, at the intersection of Bailén, the Gran Vía de San Francisco, and the Carrera de San Francisco. It forms part of the convent of Jesús y María of the Franciscan order. The convent was founded in the 13th century at the site of a chapel.

The building was erected on the plot previously occupied by a primitive Franciscan convent (according to tradition founded by the very same Francis of Assisi in 1217), demolished on the occasion upon orders by Charles III, who sought to build a new convent from scratch.^[1] It was designed in a Neoclassic style in the second half of the 18th century, based on a design by Francisco Cabezas, developed by Antonio Pló, and completed by Francesco Sabatini. The church contains many good paintings representing Spanish painting from the 17th to 19th century, including one by Zurbarán and one by Francisco Goya. The walls of the temple were painted in the 19th century. The temple once functioned as the National pantheon and enshrined the remains of famous artists and politicians. Today is an important tourism point.

The dome is 33 metres (108 ft) in diameter and 58 metres (190 ft) in height; its shape is very similar to the Pantheon's dome, having a more circular shape than the typical domes built in the 18th century. It is reportedly the fourth biggest dome in Europe after the Pantheon, St. Peter's Basilica and the Florence cathedral.^[2]

The temple was elevated to the status of minor basilica via an edict issued by John XXIII on 2 February 1963, the apostolic letter Gloria matriti.^[3]

In 1980, the building was designated as national historic-artistic monument (a heritage status predating in time that of the bien de interés cultural) by the Ministry of Culture.^[4]

Bells

Although they are derelict and unringable, the church holds the only peal of change ringing bells in Spain, cast by John Warner and Sons in 1882 and weighing around 430 kg (950 lb).^[5] Although unringable they were the only peal of change ringing church bells in mainland Europe until 2017, when St George's Church in Ypres received a peal of their own.^[6]

• 
  Interior in 1860.
• 
  Print showing translation of the remains of Calderón de la Barca from the Royal Basilica of Saint Francis the Great to the cemetery of san Nicolás, by the original viaduct of the Segovia street, in 1874.
• 
  Altar
• 
  The great dome

See also

• Catholic Church in Spain
• List of oldest church buildings
• 1834 massacre of friars in Madrid

References

1. Bonet Salamanca 2008, p. 903.
2. Montoliú, Pedro (12 November 2013). "San Francisco el Grande: un museo bajo la mayor cúpula de España". Madridiario.
3. Bonet Salamanca, Antonio (2008). "El templo de San Francisco el Grande de Madrid" (PDF). El culto a los santos: cofradías, devoción, fiestas y arte. p. 916. ISBN 978-84-89788-71-8.
4. Ministerio de Cultura: "Real Decreto 2431/1980, de 10 de octubre, por el que se declara monumento histórico-artístico, de carácter nacional, el templo de San Francisco el Grande, en Madrid" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (270): 25108. 10 November 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
5. "Tower details".
6. Shute, Joe (6 November 2016). "100 years on, the bells ring out for the war dead of Ypres". The Telegraph.