Sperm-associated antigen 1

Sperm-associated antigen 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPAG1 gene.^[5][6]

SPAG1
Identifiers
Aliases	SPAG1, CILD28, CT140, HSD-3.8, SP75, TPIS, HEL-S-268, sperm associated antigen 1, DNAAF13
External IDs	OMIM: 603395; MGI: 1349387; HomoloGene: 8081; GeneCards: SPAG1; OMA:SPAG1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8q22.2 Start 100,157,906 bp[1] End 100,259,278 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15|15 B3.1 Start 36,178,245 bp[2] End 36,235,767 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in bronchial epithelial cell mucosa of sigmoid colon palpebral conjunctiva olfactory zone of nasal mucosa rectum mucosa of paranasal sinus right uterine tube epithelium of colon skin of thigh oral cavity Top expressed in zygote secondary oocyte spermatocyte spermatid primary oocyte motor neuron facial motor nucleus lumbar subsegment of spinal cord cerebellar cortex seminiferous tubule More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding hydrolase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol Biological process axonemal dynein complex assembly single fertilization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6674 26942 Ensembl ENSG00000104450 ENSMUSG00000037617 UniProt Q07617 Q80ZX8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003114 NM_172218 NM_001374321 NM_012031 NM_001359980 NM_001359981 NM_001359982 NM_001359983 NM_001359984 RefSeq (protein) NP_003105 NP_757367 NP_001361250 NP_036161 NP_001346909 NP_001346910 NP_001346911 NP_001346912 NP_001346913 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 100.16 – 100.26 Mb Chr 15: 36.18 – 36.24 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens.

The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm agglutinating antibodies from an infertile woman. Furthermore, immunization of female rats with the recombinant human protein reduced fertility. This protein localizes to the plasma membrane of germ cells in the testis and to the post-acrosomal plasma membrane of mature spermatozoa.

Recombinant polypeptide binds GTP and exhibits GTPase activity. Thus, this protein may regulate GTP signal transduction pathways involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Two transcript variants of this gene encode the same protein.^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104450 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037617 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Liu N, Qiao Y, Cai C, Lin W, Zhang J, Miao S, Zong S, Koide SS, Wang L (May 2006). "A sperm component, HSD-3.8 (SPAG1), interacts with G-protein beta 1 subunit and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)". Frontiers in Bioscience. 11: 1679–89. doi:10.2741/1913. PMID 16368546.
6. "Entrez Gene: SPAG1 sperm associated antigen 1".

Further reading

• Diekman AB, Herr JC (January 1997). "Sperm antigens and their use in the development of an immunocontraceptive". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 37 (1): 111–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00199.x. PMID 9138444. S2CID 39710127.
• Zhang ML, Wang LF, Miao SY, Koide SS (December 1992). "Isolation and sequencing of the cDNA encoding the 75-kD human sperm protein related to infertility". Chinese Medical Journal. 105 (12): 998–1003. PMID 1299558.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (September 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Takaishi M, Huh N (October 1999). "A tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein gene, tpis, whose expression is induced with differentiation of spermatogenic cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 264 (1): 81–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1477. PMID 10527845.
• Lin W, Zhou X, Zhang M, Li Y, Miao S, Wang L, Zong S, Koide SS (September 2001). "Expression and function of the HSD-3.8 gene encoding a testis-specific protein". Molecular Human Reproduction. 7 (9): 811–8. doi:10.1093/molehr/7.9.811. PMID 11517287.
• Ficarro S, Chertihin O, Westbrook VA, White F, Jayes F, Kalab P, Marto JA, Shabanowitz J, Herr JC, Hunt DF, Visconti PE (March 2003). "Phosphoproteome analysis of capacitated human sperm. Evidence of tyrosine phosphorylation of a kinase-anchoring protein 3 and valosin-containing protein/p97 during capacitation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (13): 11579–89. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202325200. PMID 12509440.
• Kanazawa R, Komori S, Sakata K, Tanaka H, Sawai H, Tsuji Y, Koyama K (August 2003). "Isolation and characterization of a human sperm antigen gene h-Sp-1". International Journal of Andrology. 26 (4): 226–35. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2003.00418.x. PMID 12846798.
• Neesse A, Gangeswaran R, Luettges J, Feakins R, Weeks ME, Lemoine NR, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T (March 2007). "Sperm-associated antigen 1 is expressed early in pancreatic tumorigenesis and promotes motility of cancer cells". Oncogene. 26 (11): 1533–45. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209961. PMID 16983343. S2CID 1103473.