Bruu (also spelled Bru, B'ru, Baru, Brou) is a Mon–Khmer dialect continuum spoken by the Bru people of mainland Southeast Asia.

Quick Facts Native to, Ethnicity ...
Bru
Bruu
Native toLaos, Vietnam, Thailand
EthnicityBru, Katang
Native speakers
(300,000 cited 1991–2006)[1]
Latin, Lao, Thai
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
bru  Eastern Bru
brv  Western Bru
sss  
xhv  Khua
ncq  Northern Katang
sct  Southern Katang
Glottologbrou1236
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Sô and Khua are dialects.[2]

Names

There are various local and dialect designations for Bru (Sidwell 2005:11).

  • So ~ Sô
  • Tri (So Tri, Chali)
  • Van Kieu
  • Leu ~ Leung (Kaleu)
  • Galler
  • Khua
  • Katang (not the same as Kataang)

Distribution

The distribution of the Bru language spreads north and northeast from Salavan, Laos, through Savannakhet, Khammouane, and Bolikhamsai, and over into neighboring Thailand and Vietnam (Sidwell 2005:11). In Vietnam, Brâu (Braò) is spoken in Đắk Mế, Bờ Y commune, Đắk Tô District, Kon Tum Province.[3]

Dialects

Thailand has the following Western Bru dialects (Choo, et al. 2012).

The following Bru subgroups are found in Quảng Bình Province (Phan 1998).[5]

Below is a comparative vocabulary of Vân Kiêu, Măng Coong, Tri, and Khùa from Phan (1998:479-480),[5] with words transcribed in Vietnamese orthography.

More information Gloss, Vân Kiêu ...
GlossVân KiêuMăng CoongTriKhùaVietnamese
onemuimuôimột
twobarhai
threepeiba
fourponbốn
fiveshăngt'shăngnăm
hairsoktóc
eyematmắt
noselyumumũi
skyplanggiangtrời
groundkutekatekk'tekđất
waterdonước
fishsia
birdchamchim
water buffalotricktrâu
cattlentrotro
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Phonology

Consonants

The consonant sounds in both East and West dialects consist of the following:[6]

  • /w/ is typically pronounced as labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ] when occurring in initial position. In final position, it is always heard as [w].
  • /r/ can be heard as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ].
  • /tʰr/ as a consonant cluster, can be phonetically heard as [tʰɹ̥] in the Western dialect.
  • /h/ can also be heard as a voiced glottal [ɦ] when a preceding a breathy vowel sound in the Western Bru dialects. It can also be heard as nasal [h̃] when preceding a nasal vowel in the Western dialects.[7]
More information Labial, Alveolar ...
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  • Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ in final position are heard as unreleased [p̚, t̚, k̚].

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...
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More information Front, Central ...
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Breathy vowels

Vowel sounds may also be distinguished using breathy voice:

More information Front, Central ...
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Nasal vowels

Nasal vowel sounds may occur in the Western Bru dialect:

More information Front, Central ...
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References

Further reading

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