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Royal warrants of appointment have been issued for centuries to tradespeople who supply goods or services to a royal court or certain royal personages. The royal warrant enables the supplier to advertise the fact that they supply to the issuer of the royal warrant; thus lending prestige to the supplier. Royal families of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Sweden, Japan, and Thailand among others, allow tradesmen to advertise royal patronage.
Suppliers having a royal warrant charge for the goods and services supplied; a royal warrant does not imply that suppliers provide goods or services free of charge. Royal warrants are typically advertised on company hoardings, letter-heads and products by displaying the coat of arms or the heraldic badge of the royal personage issuing the royal warrant. Warrants granted by members of the British royal family usually include the phrase "By Appointment to…" followed by the title and name of the royal customer, and then what goods are provided; no other details of what is supplied may be given.
Australia
Royal warrant holders of the Court of Australia:
Belgium
In Belgium the title of 'Purveyor to the Court' (Gebrevetteerd Hofleverancier van België/Fournisseur breveté de la Cour de Belgique) is granted to businesses who provide services or goods to the royal court. The list of 'purveyors to the Court' is updated every year. The king himself makes the decision who gets a title or not.
Some of the 'Purveyors to the Court' include:[1]
Denmark
Purveyors to the Royal Danish Court:
Japan
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Purveyors to the Imperial Household Ministry; after World War II, the permission system was abolished, but purveyors still exist today:
- Ando Cloisonné Company — cloisonné
- Miyamoto Shoko – silverware
- Gekkeikan – sake
- Kikkoman – soy sauce
- Nissin Foods – food
- Toraya Confectionery – wagashi
- Toyota – motor vehicles
- Manyoken – catering
- Yamada Heiando – lacquerware
- Koransha – ceramic ware
- Kuni – perfume
- Otsuka Shoe – shoes
- Onshino Tabako - tobacco
- Onshino Konpeitō - konpeitō sweets
Monaco
High Patronage of the Monaco Royal Family:
- Chocolaterie de Monaco – chocolates
- British Theatre Season, Monaco – theatre
- Lexus – automobiles
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, the status hofleverancier is awarded to small and medium-sized businesses that have existed for at least 100 years which have a good reputation regionally.[2] However, the companies need not actually supply goods to the court. At present there are at least 387 companies that hold this status, which can be renewed every 25 years.[3] Companies designated as hofleverancier are further permitted to display a plaque on their premises attesting to their status.
In addition, certain companies are granted the use of the designation koninklijke ("royal" in Dutch).[4] These companies are also allowed to incorporate a crown in their logo. Examples include:
Norway
Purveyors to the Royal Court of the Norway: the status 'purveyor to the court' (hofflevrandør) is no longer awarded.
- Karl August Anderson – photographer (Kongl. Hoffotograf)
- Farris – mineral water
- Foss Bryggeri – Brewery (H.VII Eneberettiget)
- Hans H. Holm – Felt hats
- King Oscar – Sea food
- H. C. Reiersen – Tailor (Kongl. Hoffskredder)
- Christian Rohde & Søn – Tailor (Kngl. Norske slotts hoffleverandør)[5]
- M. Selmer – photographer (Kongl. Hoffotograf)
- O. Sørensen Vogn- og Karosserifabrikk – Automobil
- L. Szaciński – photographer (Kongl. Hoffotograf)
Romania
Purveyors to the Romanian Royal House:
- BMW[6]
- Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Carol I (1881)
- Steinway & Sons – pianos
- M. Welte & Söhne – orchestrions, reproducing pianos (1894, 1910)
- Murfatlar SA – wines to Michael (2003)
- Frottirex – bath towels and bedding to Michael (2005)
- Doina Levintza – clothing and accessories to Michael (2005)
- Dan Coma – clothing and accessories to Michael (2005)
- Halewood International – Rhein extra sparkling wines to Michael (2006)
- SC Transavia SA – chicken meat to Michael (2005)
- Principal Company SA – Salonta sausage products to Michael (2007)
- Biborţeni – mineral water to Michael (2008)
- Exotique Romania – Exotic furniture and decorative items (2009)
- Carol Parc Hotel – Hotelier and catering services (2011)
- Rue du Pain – Boulangerie Artisanale – bakery, pastry and confectionery products (2011)
- Bridge Painting Group - Printing Company, Offset lithography, Hot-foil stamping, Embossing, and special finishings (2013)
Spain
Sweden
Thailand
United Kingdom
Austria-Hungary
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- Augarten porcelain – porcelain and china
- J. A. Baczewski – vodka
- Bakalowits – crystal chandeliers
- Matthäus Bauer – accordions
- Jan Becher – herbal bitter
- Lucas Bols – liqueurs
- Ignaz Bösendorfer – pianos
- Carl Suchy & Söhne - watches
- Christofle – silverware
- Courvoisier – cognac
- Demel – chocolate and confectionery
- Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Franz Joseph I (1872)
- E. Fessler – ovens
- Móric Fischer de Farkasházy, owner of Herend Porcelain Manufactory – porcelain
- Café Gerbeaud – cakes and pastries
- Gräf & Stift – carriages
- Hancocks & Co – jewelry
- L. & C. Hardtmuth – ovens and pencils
- Antoni Hawełka – catering
- J. A. Henckels – knives
- Hotel Imperial – catering
- Liebig's Extract of Meat Company – processed meats
- J. & L. Lobmeyr – crystal and glassware
- Löblich & Co. – heating
- Lohner-Werke – carriages
- Girolamo Luxardo – apéritif and digestif
- Rémy Martin – champagne
- Moët et Chandon – champagne
- Moser – glass and crystal
- Ferdinand Mülhens, owner of the 4711 (brand) – perfume
- G. H. Mumm – champagne
- L. Ostermayr - glass and porcelain
- A. Obholzer Kürschnerei – furs
- Paulaner Brewery – beer
- Pauly Beds / J. Pauly & Sohn – beds and mattresses
- Peek Freans – cookies
- Pilsner Urquell – beer
- Rieger Orgelbau – organs
- Louis Roederer – champagne
- Royal Worcester – porcelain
- Eduard Sacher, owner of the Hotel Sacher – cakes and pastries
- Robert Schlumberger von Goldeck – sparkling wine
- Schweighofer – pianos
- Adolf Steiner - pianos
- William Steinway – pianos
- Baron Raimund von Stillfried – photos
- Gebrüder Thonet – furniture
- Michael Thonet – furniture
- Charles Lewis Tiffany – jewelry and silverware
- Törley – sparkling wine
- Underberg – digestif bitter
- John Thomas Underwood – typewriters
- Veuve Clicquot – champagne
- Nathaniel Wheeler – sewing machines
- Wilhelm J. Sluka – cakes and pastries
- Zwack – herbal liquors
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Bavaria
Purveyors to the Court of Bavaria:
- See Liste bayerischer Hoflieferanten (in German).
Brazil
Purveyors to the Brazilian Imperial Family:
- Casa Granado – chemists/pharmacists and toiletries
- Henry Poole & Co – tailors to Pedro II (1874)
France
Purveyors to the Court of France:
- Moutard – printer and bookseller to Marie Antoinette, to Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy, and to Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy (1770)
- Marc-Etienne Janety – master goldsmith and jeweler to Louis XVI (1777)
- Adam Weisweiler – cabinet maker to Louis XVI (1778)
- Jean-Louis Fargeon – perfumer to Marie Antoinette (1779)
- Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Napoleon I (1811) and to Napoleon III (1867)
- Debauve & Gallais – chocolates to Louis XVIII (1819)
- Champagne Delbeck – champagne to Louis Philippe I (1838)
- Guerlain – eau de Cologne to Napoleon III (1868)
India
Commercial honours and recognitions in the form of warrant appointments were issued by royal households of the Indian Princely States to purveyors of goods and services prior to the end of imperial rule in 1947.[7] In recent years, former suzerain monarchies such as the House of Ghorpade have revived these institutions as programs to foster economic growth and encourage the patronage of small, independent, and local businesses.[8]
Italy
Purveyors to the Italian Royal Family:
- Acqua di Biella – eau de Cologne to Umberto I (1878)
- Ballarino Gioielli (Cavour) – jewellery
- Baratti & Milano (Turin) – sweets
- Bianchi – cars
- Caffarel (Turin) – chocolate
- Caraceni (Milan) – clothes
- Fratelli Carli (Imperia) – olive oil
- Farina Gegenüber – eau de Cologne to King Victor Emmanuel II (1876)
- Florio (Marsala) – wine
- Gancia – wine
- Gentilini (Roma) – food (biscuits)
- Marinella (Naples) – ties
- Martini & Rossi – liquor
- Musy, Padre & Figli (Turin) – jewellery
- Pagani (Parma) – sweets
- Pernigotti – chocolate
- Petochi (Rome) – jewellery
- Prada (Milan) – leather goods, trunks and clothes
- Saiwa – food (biscuits)
- Sperlari – food (biscuits)
- Steinway & Sons – pianos
- Luigi Borrelli (Naples) – clothing
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Ottoman Empire
Purveyors to the sultans of the Ottoman Empire:
- M. Welte & Söhne, orchestrions (1896)
- Abdullah Frères, photographers (1863)
Portugal
Purveyors to the Portuguese Royal Household:
- Ballarino Gioielli (Cavour, Italy) – jewellery
- Farina Gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Luís I (1866)
- Confeitaria Nacional – confectionary to Luís I, Carlos I, Manuel II (1873–1910)
Prussia
Purveyors to the Court of Prussia:
- See Liste preußischer Hoflieferanten (in German).
- Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1841), Wilhelm I (1871), to Friedrich III (1888) and to Wilhelm II (1888)
Russia
In the Russian Empire since 1856 there was the designation with the highest authorization "Supplier of His Imperial Majesty" with the state coat of arms on the shield. From 1895, at the request of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, a second, additional authorization was granted: "Supplier of Her Imperial Majesty". Both authorizations existed until 1917, until the abdication of Nicholas II.[10]
Purveyors to the Russian Imperial Family:
- Farina gegenüber – eau de Cologne to Nicholas I 1843
- Fabergé – jewellery to Nicholas II
- Smirnoff – vodka
- Cristal – champagne
- Steinway & Sons – pianos
- Gubanova Toiletries of Morshansk Russia appointed in 1763 with a Royal Warrant by Empress Catherine II to provide special cleaning and skincare products
- The Victoria Fine Soap Works, Minsk, Belarus – soap to Nicholas I and the Imperial family
- The Perfume Factory Partnership of Pharmacist A. M. Ostroumov - perfume, cologne, anti-dandruff soap and other medicinal cosmetics, 1900 - 1920[11][12]
Sulu
Royal Warrants by Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram:
- Harney & Sons – tea [13]
Yugoslavia
Royal Warrant Holders of the Yugoslav Court:
- Sljeme (Zagreb) – trunks and leather goods, appointed in 1931
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