This is a list of Romanian Jews who are or were Jewish or of Jewish ancestry.
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- Aaron Aaronsohn, botanist
- J. J. Benjamin, historian
- Martin Bercovici, energy engineer
- Randolph L. Braham, political scientist, historian
- Nicolae Cajal, virologist and Jewish community leader
- Gedeon Dagan, hydrologist
- Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, sociologist and Marxist theorist
- Lazăr Edeleanu, chemist
- Zicman Feider, biologist, acarologist[1]
- Herman Finer, political scientist[2]
- Peter Freund, theoretical physicist
- Moses Gaster, hakham (Sephardi scholar & Rabi), linguist (Hebrew, Romanian), early Zionist leader
- Lucien Goldmann, philosopher, critic, sociologist
- Alexandru Graur, linguist
- Michael Harsgor, historian
- Joseph M. Juran, industrial engineer
- Ernest Klein, linguist
- Charles H. Kremer, dentist and war-crimes investigation activist[3]
- Liviu Librescu, physicist[4]
- Mario Livio, astrophysicist
- Edward Luttwak, economist and historian
- Norman Manea, writer and college professor
- Meinhard E. Mayer, physicist
- Serge Moscovici, social psychologist
- Victor Neumann, historian and political analyst
- Andrei Oișteanu, historian and anthropologist
- Zigu Ornea, literary critic
- Julius Popper, explorer
- Lazăr Șăineanu, (Eliezer Schein) linguist and folklorist
- Itamar Singer (1946–2012), Israeli historian
- Heimann Hariton Tiktin, linguist
- Vladimir Tismăneanu, historian and political analyst
- David Wechsler, psychologist
- Avram Leib Zissu, political leader, Zionist activist, author, opinion journalist
- Avigdor Arikha, painter
- Victor Brauner, painter and photographer
- Sorel Etrog, sculptor
- André François, painter and graphic artist
- Idel Ianchelevici, sculptor
- Marcel Iancu, architect and painter
- Iosif Iser, painter
- Isidore Isou, Letterist
- Alex Leon, painter
- Moissaye Marans, sculptor
- M. H. Maxy, painter
- Constantin Daniel Rosenthal, painter
- Reuven Rubin, painter
- Herman Sachs, muralist
- Arthur Segal, painter
- Saul Steinberg, cartoonist
- Hedda Sterne, painter, sculptor and graphic artist
- Nicolae Vermont, painter and graphic artist
- Jean Weinberg, photographer
- Medi Dinu, painter
- Yael Stone, actress
- I.A.L. Diamond, screenwriter
- Abraham Goldfaden, founder of Yiddish-language theater
- Marin Karmitz, director, producer
- Elina Löwensohn, actress
- Sigmund Mogulesko
- Maia Morgenstern (1962 - ) film and stage actress
- Bernard Natan, film producer
- Ovitz family, circus actors and traveling musicians
- Edward G. Robinson, actor
- Abba Schoengold[5]
- Dumitru Solomon, playwright
- Jacob Sternberg, director
- Art Garfunkel, composer, singer-songwriter
- Dana International, Israeli singer and musician
- Shlomo Artzi, musician now living in Israel
- Dan Bittman, singer
- Alexander Uriah Boskovich, composer
- Dumitru Bughici composer, pianist
- Sergiu Comissiona, conductor, violinist
- Alma Gluck, soprano
- Sarah Gorby singer
- Clara Haskil, pianist
- Philip Herschkowitz, music theorist and composer
- Gabriel Iranyi, composer
- Mindru Katz, pianist
- Max Leibowitz violinist and bandleader
- Sammy Lerner, composer
- Yoel Levi, conductor
- Sergiu Luca, violinist
- Radu Lupu, pianist
- Silvia Marcovici, violinist
- Ion Marin, conductor
- Abraham Moskowitz, singer and theatre actor
- Joseph Moskowitz, klezmer musician
- Moishe Oysher, cantor and singer
- Simon Paskal singer, cantor and theatre actor
- Mendi Rodan. conductor, composer and violinist.
- Beverly Sills, opera singer
- Martin Abern, Trotskyist activist
- Colette Avital, Israeli politician
- Davicion Bally, public servant
- Olga Bancic, communist activist
- Silviu Brucan, communist politician and dissident
- Simion Bughici, communist politician
- Avram Bunaciu, communist politician
- Iosif Chișinevschi, communist politician
- Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea, communist activist
- Mișu Dulgheru, communist activist, spy
- Miriam Eshkol, wife of Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol
- Max Goldstein, communist activist
- Michael Howard, British politician
- Serge Klarsfeld, anti-Nazi activist
- David Korner, Trotskyist activist
- Alex Kozinski, judge
- Leon Lichtblau, communist activist
- Samuel Leibowitz, attorney
- Vasile Luca, communist politician
- Gheorghe Gaston Marin, communist politician
- Nati Meir, politician
- Ghiță Moscu, communist activist and politician
- Alexandru Nicolschi, communist politician
- Ana Pauker, communist politician
- Marcel Pauker, communist politician
- Mircea Răceanu, diplomat and dissident (Jewish father)
- Leonte Răutu, communist politician
- Valter Roman, communist politician
- Petre Roman, politician (Jewish father)
- Leonte Tismăneanu, communist politician
- Ghizela Vass, communist activist
- Moses Gaster, rabbi, philologist, community leader, early Zionist
- David L. Genuth, rabbi
- Ernest Klein, rabbi
- Moses Rosen, rabbi
- Moses Josef Rubin, rabbi
- Alexandru Șafran, rabbi
- Meir Shapiro, rabbi
- Nicolae Steinhardt, Christian Orthodox monk (Jewish father)
- Richard Wurmbrand, minister of religion
Canoeing
- Leon Rotman, sprint canoer, 2x Olympic champion (C-1 10,000 meter, C-1 1,000-meter) and bronze (C-1 1,000-meter), 14 national titles
- Aharon Appelfeld (1932–2018), novelist and Holocaust survivor
- Iuliu Barasch, physician and writer
- Zelig Bardichever, poet and songwriter
- Max Blecher, writer
- Srul Bronshtein, poet
- Nina Cassian, poet
- Paul Celan, poet
- Andrei Codrescu, poet and essayist
- Vladimir Colin, short story writer and novelist
- Benjamin Fondane, poet, playwright, and literary critic
- Abraham Goldfaden, poet and playwright
- Zeydl Shmuel-Yehuda Helman, songwriter, journalist and actor
- D. Iacobescu, poet
- Isidore Isou, poet
- Irving Layton, poet
- Stan Lee (1922–2018) born Stanley Martin Lieber, writer, editor, publisher, and co-creator of most of the Marvel Comics Universe.
- Gherasim Luca, poet
- Isac Ludo, novelist
- Norman Manea, novelist
- Cilibi Moise, storyteller and humorist
- Florin Mugur, author (poetry, prose, essays)
- Sașa Pană, poet and short story writer
- Maurice Samuel, novelist
- Elias Schwarzfeld, historian and novelist
- Mihail Sebastian, playwright
- Nicolae Steinhardt, writer (Jewish father)
- Alexandru Toma, poet
- Tristan Tzara, poet and essayist, founder of Dadaism
- Tudor Vianu, literary critic
- Ilarie Voronca, poet and essayist
- Elie Wiesel, writer
- Haralamb Zincă (Hary Isac Zilberman), writer
- Gellu Naum, poet, dramatist, novelist, children's writer, and translator (Jewish Mother, Maria Naum née Rosa Gluck)
Contribution of the Romanian Jews to Culture and Civilisation, Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania, Hasefer Press, Bucharest, 2004, ISBN 973-630-067-6
"Mr. Herman Finer, an Englishman, Jewish"; born Jassy, Roumania (Who was Who)
Jacob Adler, "A Life on the Stage: A Memoir", translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 0-679-41351-0. 68, 125, 203, 221