Robert Wilson may refer to:
Writers
- Robert Anton Wilson (1932–2007), American writer, futurist, and mystic
- Robert Burns Wilson (1850–1916), American painter and poet
- Robert C. Wilson (born 1951), American novelist and lawyer
- Robert Charles Wilson (born 1953), Canadian science fiction writer
- Robert McLiam Wilson (born 1966), Northern Irish novelist
- Robert McNair Wilson (1882–1963), British surgeon, fiction writer, and politician
- Robert Wilson (crime novelist) (born 1957), British crime novelist
- Robert Wilson (dramatist) (died 1600), English Elizabethan dramatist
- Robert Wilson (editor) (born 1951), American magazine editor and author
- Robert A. Wilson (Virginia politician) (1913–2003), vice mayor of Richmond, Virginia
- Robert Wilson (Missouri politician) (1803–1870), U.S. Senator from Missouri
- Robert L. Wilson (politician) (1805–1880), American politician
- Robert P. C. Wilson (1834–1916), U.S. Representative from Missouri
- Robert D. Wilson (1839–1930), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
- Robert Richard Wilson (1891–1969), farmer and politician in South Australia
- Robert Wilson (Australian politician) (1896–1973), New South Wales politician
- Robert John Wilson, Member of Parliament in 1922 for Jarrow
- Robert Wilson (Manitoba politician) (born 1934), Manitoba politician
- Robert J. Wilson, candidate in the 1953 Manitoba provincial election
- Rob Wilson (born 1965), British politician and entrepreneur, MP for Reading East
- Robert Nichol Wilson, Northern Irish politician
- Robert Wilson (Texas politician) (1793–1856), land speculator and politician in Texas
- Gordon Wilson (Scottish politician) (Robert Gordon Wilson), Scottish politician and solicitor
- Robert A. Wilson (gynecologist) (1895–1981), American gynecologist who wrote the book Feminine Forever
- Robert Wilson (physician) (1829–1881), wrote about the British mining industry
- Robert O. Wilson (1904–1967), American physician
- Robert R. Wilson (1914–2000), American physicist
- Robert Wilson (astronomer) (1927–2002), British astronomer
- Robert Woodrow Wilson (born 1936), American astronomer and physicist
- Robert B. Wilson (born 1937), American economist
- Robert E. Wilson, astrophysicist, academic, and author
Cricket
- Robert Wilson (cricketer, born 1916) (1916–2004), Scottish cricketer
- Robert Wilson (cricketer, born 1922) (1922–1980), English cricketer
- Robert Wilson (cricketer, born 1934), English cricketer
- Robert Wilson (cricketer, born 1935) (1935–1987), Scottish cricketer
- Robert Wilson (cricketer, born 1948), New Zealand cricketer
- Robert Arnott Wilson (born 1958), British mathematician
- Robert Dick Wilson (1856–1930), American linguist and Presbyterian scholar
- Robert E. Lee Wilson (1865–1933), American cotton plantation owner
- Robert Gordon Wilson (architect) (1844–1931), Scottish architect
- Robert Kenneth Wilson, surgeon who in 1934 supposedly took a photograph purporting to show the Loch Ness Monster
- Robert M. Wilson Jr. (1952–2012), Arkansas lawyer
- Robert W. Wilson (philanthropist) (1926–2013), American hedge fund manager and philanthropist
- Robert Wilson (architect) (1834–1901), Scottish architect
- Robert Wilson (businessman) (born 1942/1943), British businessman
- Robert Wilson (engineer) (1803–1882), Scottish engineer and inventor
- Robert Wilson (philosopher) (born 1964), philosophy professor
- Robert Wilson (priest, born 1840) (1840–1897), English Anglican priest and academic, warden of Keble College, Oxford
- Robert Wilson (dean of Ferns), 17th-century Anglican dean in Ireland
- Robert Wilson (ship captain) (1806–1888), Great Lakes captain who helped slaves escape
- Robert Wilson (merchant) (1832–1899), New Zealand merchant and company director
- Robert & William Wilson, American silversmiths in Philadelphia during the 19th century