Robert Jackson may refer to:
- Robert Jackson (coroner) (died 1439), coroner, esquire, bailiff and landowner of Sunderland, England
- Robert Jackson (Berwick-upon-Tweed MP) (c. 1584–1645), English politician, MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1621–1626
- Robert R. Jackson (1870–1942), Illinois legislator and Chicago City Council member
- Robert Jackson (Ipswich MP) (1880–1951), British politician, MP for Ipswich, 1923–1924
- Robert H. Jackson (1892–1954), United States Attorney General, Supreme Court Justice, and chief United States prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials
- Robert L. Jackson Jr. (born 1936), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
- Robert Jackson (Canadian politician) (born 1936), member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
- Robert Jackson (Wantage MP) (born 1946), British politician, MP for Wantage, 1983–2005
- Robert L. Jackson (Mississippi politician) (born 1955), Mississippi State Senator
- Robert E. Jackson, city commissioner and later mayor of Largo, Florida, 2000–2006
- Robert Jackson (New York politician), New York City Council member 2002–2013, subsequently state senator
- Robbie Jackson, fictional character in the British television show EastEnders
- Robby Jackson, fictional character in the novels of American author Tom Clancy