Results of the 1983 Western Australian state election (Legislative Assembly)

This is a list of electoral district results of the 1983 Western Australian election.

Western Australian state election, 19 February 1983 Legislative Assembly << 1980–1986 >>
Enrolled voters		744,986[1]
Votes cast		663,153		Turnout	87.93%	+2.66%
Informal votes		18,799		Informal	2.83%	–0.69%
Summary of votes by party
Party		Primary votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Labor	342,536	53.16%	+7.21%	32	+ 9
	Liberal	256,846	39.86%	–3.89%	20	– 6
	National Country[2]	22,148	3.44%	–0.86%	3	± 0
	National[2]	10,767	1.67%	–1.29%	2	– 1
	Democrats	5,178	0.80%	–1.16%	0	± 0
	Socialist	905	0.14%	–0.12%	0	± 0
	Other parties	5,974	0.93%	+0.75%	0	± 0
	Independent	3,229	0.50%	–0.15%	0	± 0
Total		644,354			57
Two-party-preferred
	Labor	350,996	53.74%	+4.71%
	Liberal/NCP	302,100	46.26%	–4.71%

Results by district

Albany

1983 Western Australian state election: Albany^[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Josephine Lynch	3,370	44.6
	Liberal	Leon Watt	3,210	42.5
	National Country	Darrall Simpson	691	9.1
	Democrats	John Chamberlain	286	3.8
Total formal votes			7,557	97.4
Informal votes			203	2.6
Turnout			7,760	90.7
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Leon Watt	3,949	52.3
	Labor	Josephine Lynch	3,608	47.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Armadale

1983 Western Australian state election: Armadale

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Bob Pearce	9,232	63.6
	Liberal	Douglas Cable	5,290	36.4
Total formal votes			14,522	97.3
Informal votes			403	2.7
Turnout			14,925	88.4
	Labor hold		Swing

Ascot

1983 Western Australian state election: Ascot

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Mal Bryce	9,733	69.9
	Liberal	Richard Dalgleish	4,201	30.1
Total formal votes			13,934	97.4
Informal votes			374	2.6
Turnout			14,308	88.0
	Labor hold		Swing

Avon

1983 Western Australian state election: Avon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ken McIver	4,377	52.6
	Liberal	Thomas Richards	2,004	24.1
	National Country	Max Trenorden	1,938	23.3
Total formal votes			8,319	98.0
Informal votes			168	2.0
Turnout			8,487	90.1
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Ken McIver	4,858	58.4
	Liberal	Thomas Richards	3,461	41.6
	Labor hold		Swing

Balcatta

1983 Western Australian state election: Balcatta

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ron Bertram	9,562	63.0
	Liberal	Vincenzo Allessandrino	5,627	37.0
Total formal votes			15,189	96.3
Informal votes			579	3.7
Turnout			15,768	88.0
	Labor hold		Swing

Balga

1983 Western Australian state election: Balga

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Brian Burke	11,654	79.0
	Liberal	Peter Nolan	3,101	21.0
Total formal votes			14,755	97.3
Informal votes			404	2.7
Turnout			15,159	87.0
	Labor hold		Swing

Bunbury

1983 Western Australian state election: Bunbury

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Phil Smith	4,011	51.2
	Liberal	John Sibson	3,588	45.7
	Democrats	Donald Stewart	243	3.1
Total formal votes			7,842	97.2
Informal votes			227	2.8
Turnout			8,069	90.9
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Phil Smith	4,133	52.7
	Liberal	John Sibson	3,709	47.3
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

Canning

1983 Western Australian state election: Canning

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Tom Bateman	9,512	65.6
	Liberal	John Nagle	4,980	34.4
Total formal votes			14,492	96.8
Informal votes			480	3.2
Turnout			14,972	87.5
	Labor hold		Swing

Clontarf

1983 Western Australian state election: Clontarf

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Tony Williams	7,670	54.2
	Labor	David Dale	6,473	45.8
Total formal votes			14,143	97.5
Informal votes			356	2.5
Turnout			14,499	88.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Cockburn

1983 Western Australian state election: Cockburn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Don Taylor	12,461	78.6
	Liberal	Gregory Bowler	3,398	21.4
Total formal votes			15,859	95.7
Informal votes			704	4.3
Turnout			16,563	94.2
	Labor hold		Swing

Collie

1983 Western Australian state election: Collie

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Tom Jones	5,102	65.6
	National Country	Allen Mountford	2,674	34.4
Total formal votes			7,776	97.9
Informal votes			312	2.1
Turnout			7,953	92.1
	Labor hold		Swing

Cottesloe

1983 Western Australian state election: Cottesloe

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Bill Hassell	7,748	52.9
	Labor	Leslie Heinrich	5,791	39.6
	Democrats	Marjorie McKercher	890	6.1
	Independent	Alfred Bussell	215	1.5
Total formal votes			14,644	97.9
Informal votes			312	2.1
Turnout			14,956	87.9
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Bill Hassell	8,245	56.3
	Labor	Leslie Heinrich	6,399	43.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Dale

1983 Western Australian state election: Dale

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Philip Vincent	4,089	47.9
	Liberal	Cyril Rushton	4,075	47.7
	Democrats	Joan Farrelly	378	4.4
Total formal votes			8,542	97.1
Informal votes			258	2.9
Turnout			8,800	89.5
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Cyril Rushton	4,276	50.1
	Labor	Philip Vincent	4,266	49.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

Darling Range

1983 Western Australian state election: Darling Range

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Spriggs	4,419	56.6
	Labor	Reginald Howard-Smith	3,391	43.4
Total formal votes			7,810	97.6
Informal votes			191	2.4
Turnout			8,001	89.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

East Melville

1983 Western Australian state election: East Melville

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Anthony Trethowan	7,907	53.6
	Labor	Carmen Lawrence	5,281	35.8
	Democrats	Shirley De La Hunty	1,565	10.6
Total formal votes			14,753	97.8
Informal votes			330	2.2
Turnout			15,083	93.7
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Anthony Trethowan	8,690	58.9
	Labor	Carmen Lawrence	6,063	41.1
	Liberal hold		Swing

Esperance-Dundas

1983 Western Australian state election: Esperance-Dundas

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Julian Grill	5,009	55.9
	Liberal	Geoff Grewar	3,112	34.7
	National Country	Robert Russell	834	9.3
Total formal votes			8,955	96.5
Informal votes			322	3.5
Turnout			9,277	86.9
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Julian Grill	5,221	58.3
	Liberal	Geoff Grewar	3,734	41.7
	Labor hold		Swing

Floreat

1983 Western Australian state election: Floreat

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Andrew Mensaros	8,894	54.6
	Labor	Peter Keating	5,772	35.5
	Independent	Robert Ward	1,608	9.9
Total formal votes			16,274	98.2
Informal votes			298	1.8
Turnout			16,572	89.1
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Andrew Mensaros	9,699	59.6
	Labor	Peter Keating	6,575	40.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

Fremantle

1983 Western Australian state election: Fremantle

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	David Parker	8,860	65.3
	Liberal	Joseph Faliti	4,030	29.7
	Socialist Labour	Timothy Peach	688	5.1
Total formal votes			13,578	94.1
Informal votes			843	5.9
Turnout			14,421	91.7
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	David Parker	9,382	69.1
	Liberal	Joseph Faliti	4,196	30.9
	Labor hold		Swing

Gascoyne

1983 Western Australian state election: Gascoyne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Laurance	2,026	61.8
	Labor	John Cunningham	1,253	38.2
Total formal votes			3,279	97.3
Informal votes			91	2.7
Turnout			3,370	84.6
	Liberal hold		Swing

Geraldton

1983 Western Australian state election: Geraldton

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Jeff Carr	5,324	63.1
	Liberal	Harold Driscoll	3,116	36.9
Total formal votes			8,440	98.1
Informal votes			162	1.9
Turnout			8,602	88.8
	Labor hold		Swing

Gosnells

1983 Western Australian state election: Gosnells

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Yvonne Henderson	8,981	61.4
	Liberal	Michael Mitchell	5,158	35.3
	Independent	Gordon Stapp	487	3.3
Total formal votes			14,626	96.7
Informal votes			493	3.3
Turnout			15,119	89.0
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Yvonne Henderson	9,229	63.1
	Liberal	Michael Mitchell	5,397	36.9
	Labor hold		Swing

Greenough

1983 Western Australian state election: Greenough

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Reg Tubby	5,345	70.8
	Labor	Timothy Gamage	2,206	29.2
Total formal votes			7,551	97.3
Informal votes			207	2.7
Turnout			7,758	89.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

Helena

1983 Western Australian state election: Helena

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Gordon Hill	9,847	63.7
	Liberal	Marianne McCall	5,620	36.3
Total formal votes			15,467	97.2
Informal votes			447	2.8
Turnout			15,914	92.6
	Labor hold		Swing

Joondalup

1983 Western Australian state election: Joondalup

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Jackie Watkins	8,785	56.7
	Liberal	Mick Nanovich	6,698	43.3
Total formal votes			15,483	97.7
Informal votes			367	2.3
Turnout			15,850	89.8
	Labor hold		Swing

Kalamunda

1983 Western Australian state election: Kalamunda

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Thompson	4,444	57.4
	Labor	Theraza Glindon	2,886	37.3
	Democrats	Phillip Franzone	418	5.4
Total formal votes			7,748	97.4
Informal votes			209	2.6
Turnout			7,957	88.9
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Ian Thompson	4,657	60.1
	Labor	Theraza Glindon	3,091	39.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

Kalgoorlie

1983 Western Australian state election: Kalgoorlie

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ian Taylor	5,735	71.6
	Liberal	Ross Lightfoot	1,871	23.3
	Independent	Maxine Cable	408	5.1
Total formal votes			8,014	96.6
Informal votes			279	3.4
Turnout			8,293	90.7
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Ian Taylor	5,938	74.1
	Liberal	Ross Lightfoot	2,076	25.9
	Labor hold		Swing

Karrinyup

1983 Western Australian state election: Karrinyup

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Jim Clarko	8,481	52.5
	Labor	Richard Pitts	6,580	40.7
	Democrats	Jean Jenkins	1,106	6.8
Total formal votes			16,167	97.9
Informal votes			346	2.1
Turnout			16,513	89.3
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Jim Clarko	9,037	55.9
	Labor	Richard Pitts	7,130	44.1
	Liberal hold		Swing

Katanning-Roe

1983 Western Australian state election: Katanning-Roe

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Country	Dick Old	6,541	82.1
	Labor	Marilyn Elson	1,423	17.9
Total formal votes			7,984	97.7
Informal votes			184	2.3
Turnout			8,148	89.5
	National Country hold		Swing

Kimberley

1983 Western Australian state election: Kimberley

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ernie Bridge	6,563	65.9
	Liberal	Robert Whitton	3,396	34.1
Total formal votes			9,959	94.4
Informal votes			587	5.6
Turnout			10,546	84.3
	Labor hold		Swing

Mandurah

1983 Western Australian state election: Mandurah

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Richard Shalders	4,050	48.0
	Labor	John Read	3,947	46.8
	Independent	Leonard Attwill	434	5.2
Total formal votes			8,431	98.4
Informal votes			133	1.6
Turnout			8,564	91.9
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	John Read	4,243	50.3
	Liberal	Richard Shalders	4,188	49.7
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

Maylands

1983 Western Australian state election: Maylands

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	John Harman	9,169	64.9
	Liberal	Wouterina Klein	4,952	35.1
Total formal votes			14,121	97.1
Informal votes			420	2.9
Turnout			14,541	86.8
	Labor hold		Swing

Melville

1983 Western Australian state election: Melville

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Barry Hodge	11,464	71.2
	Liberal	Judith Gleeson	4,629	28.8
Total formal votes			16,093	97.3
Informal votes			447	2.7
Turnout			16,540	92.9
	Labor hold		Swing

Merredin

1983 Western Australian state election: Merredin

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Hendy Cowan	4,872	60.7
	National Country	Harold Lang	1,804	22.5
	Liberal	Richard Cooper	1,067	13.3
	Independent	Zoran Panzich	283	3.5
Total formal votes			8,026	97.1
Informal votes			242	2.9
Turnout			8,268	90.5
Two-candidate-preferred result
	National	Hendy Cowan	5,217	65.0
	National Country	Harold Lang	2,809	35.0
	National hold		Swing

Mitchell

1983 Western Australian state election: Mitchell

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	David Smith	5,001	56.9
	Liberal	June Craig	3,785	43.1
Total formal votes			8,716	97.6
Informal votes			215	2.4
Turnout			9,001	92.1
	Labor hold		Swing

Moore

1983 Western Australian state election: Moore

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Country	Bert Crane	4,295	52.6
	Liberal	Ernest Twine	2,117	25.9
	Labor	Michael O'Rourke	1,754	21.5
Total formal votes			8,166	97.5
Informal votes			205	2.5
Turnout			8,371	89.9
Two-candidate-preferred result
	National Country	Bert Crane	5,169	63.3
	Liberal	Ernest Twine	2,997	36.7
	National Country hold		Swing

Morley-Swan

1983 Western Australian state election: Morley-Swan

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Arthur Tonkin	10,743	69.1
	Liberal	Ramsay Bogunovich	4,436	28.5
	Independent	James Connolly	375	2.4
Total formal votes			15,554	95.0
Informal votes			819	5.0
Turnout			16,373	88.8
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Arthur Tonkin	11,028	70.9
	Liberal	Ramsay Bogunovich	4,526	29.1
	Labor hold		Swing

Mount Lawley

1983 Western Australian state election: Mount Lawley

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ray O'Connor	7,909	53.0
	Labor	Desmond Hoffman	6,789	45.5
	Communist	Cedric Beidatsch	217	1.5
Total formal votes			14,915	96.8
Informal votes			499	3.2
Turnout			15,414	87.6
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Ray O'Connor	7,965	53.4
	Labor	Desmond Hoffman	6,950	46.6
	Liberal hold		Swing

Mount Marshall

1983 Western Australian state election: Mount Marshall

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Bill McNee	2,596	33.0
	National Country	Ray McPharlin	2,119	26.9
	National	Ronald Aitkenhead	1,815	23.1
	Labor	Robert Couzens	1,333	17.0
Total formal votes			7,863	97.6
Informal votes			191	2.4
Turnout			8,054	89.8
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Liberal	Bill McNee	4,381	55.7
	National	Ronald Aitkenhead	3,482	44.3
	Liberal gain from National Country		Swing

Mundaring

1983 Western Australian state election: Mundaring

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Tom Herzfeld	3,886	48.3
	Labor	Gavan Troy	3,862	48.0
	Democrats	Bryan Scott-Courtland	292	3.6
Total formal votes			8,040	97.5
Informal votes			202	2.5
Turnout			8,242	89.3
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Gavan Troy	4,028	50.1
	Liberal	Tom Herzfeld	4,012	49.9
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

Murchison-Eyre

1983 Western Australian state election: Murchison-Eyre

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Peter Coyne	1,167	49.3
	Labor	Frank Donovan	1,052	44.4
	Independent	Kevin Seivwright	149	6.3
Total formal votes			2,368	96.0
Informal votes			98	4.0
Turnout			2,466	76.8
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Peter Coyne	1,214	51.3
	Labor	Francis Donovan	1,541	48.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Murdoch

1983 Western Australian state election: Murdoch

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Barry MacKinnon	8,832	53.2
	Labor	Eric Ripper	7,503	45.2
	Independent	James Owen	276	1.7
Total formal votes			16,611	97.9
Informal votes			347	2.1
Turnout			16,958	91.1
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Barry MacKinnon	8,970	54.0
	Labor	Eric Ripper	7,641	46.0
	Liberal hold		Swing

Murray-Wellington

1983 Western Australian state election: Murray-Wellington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Bradshaw	4,666	56.7
	Labor	James Hersey	3,317	40.3
	Independent	Marius Loeffler	242	2.9
Total formal votes			8,225	97.3
Informal votes			232	2.7
Turnout			8,457	90.8
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	John Bradshaw	4,787	58.2
	Labor	James Hersey	3,438	41.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Narrogin

1983 Western Australian state election: Narrogin

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Country	Peter Jones	unopposed
	National Country hold		Swing

Nedlands

1983 Western Australian state election: Nedlands

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Richard Court	8,945	64.1
	Labor	Saliba Sassine	5,011	35.9
Total formal votes			13,956	98.0
Informal votes			280	2.0
Turnout			14,236	88.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Nollamara

1983 Western Australian state election: Nollamara

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Keith Wilson	8,085	61.3
	Liberal	Gregory Wilson	5,107	38.7
Total formal votes			13,192	97.6
Informal votes			326	2.4
Turnout			13,518	89.0
	Labor hold		Swing

Perth

1983 Western Australian state election: Perth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Terry Burke	9,023	67.8
	Liberal	Peter Bogue	4,289	32.2
Total formal votes			13,312	95.5
Informal votes			630	4.5
Turnout			13,942	80.7
	Labor hold		Swing

Pilbara

1983 Western Australian state election: Pilbara

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Pam Buchanan	5,382	58.8
	Liberal	David Penny	3,195	34.9
	Independent	Vincent Cooper	581	6.3
Total formal votes			9,158	94.8
Informal votes			498	5.2
Turnout			9,656	91.3
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Pam Buchanan	6,182	67.5
	Liberal	David Penny	2,976	32.5
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

Rockingham

1983 Western Australian state election: Rockingham

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Mike Barnett	10,260	69.7
	Liberal	Maureen Mileham	4,466	30.3
Total formal votes			14,726	98.0
Informal votes			296	2.0
Turnout			15,022	90.9
	Labor hold		Swing

Scarborough

1983 Western Australian state election: Scarborough

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Graham Burkett	8,053	55.7
	Liberal	Ray Young	6,416	44.3
Total formal votes			14,469	98.0
Informal votes			290	2.0
Turnout			14,759	87.0
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

South Perth

1983 Western Australian state election: South Perth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Bill Grayden	7,836	54.5
	Labor	Sten Jakobsen	6,533	45.5
Total formal votes			14,369	98.0
Informal votes			288	2.0
Turnout			14,657	85.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

Stirling

1983 Western Australian state election: Stirling

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Matt Stephens	4,080	53.6
	Liberal	Peter Skinner	2,761	36.2
	National Country	Thomas Buxton	775	10.2
Total formal votes			7,616	97.1
Informal votes			225	2.9
Turnout			7,841	90.9
Two-candidate-preferred result
	National	Matt Stephens	4,273	56.1
	Liberal	Peter Skinner	3,373	43.9
	National hold		Swing

Subiaco

1983 Western Australian state election: Subiaco

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Tom Dadour	7,108	51.6
	Labor	William Bartholomaeus	6,666	48.4
Total formal votes			13,774	97.7
Informal votes			322	2.3
Turnout			14,096	85.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

Vasse

1983 Western Australian state election: Vasse

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Barry Blaikie	4,947	59.5
	Labor	Dane Carroll	2,586	31.1
	Independent	Stewart Melville	783	9.4
Total formal votes			8,316	97.8
Informal votes			187	2.2
Turnout			8,503	92.4
Two-party-preferred result
	Liberal	Barry Blaikie	5,339	64.2
	Labor	Dane Carroll	2,977	35.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Victoria Park

1983 Western Australian state election: Victoria Park

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ron Davies	9,038	67.1
	Liberal	Pauline Iles	4,432	32.9
Total formal votes			13,470	97.1
Informal votes			396	2.9
Turnout			13,866	85.1
	Labor hold		Swing

Warren

1983 Western Australian state election: Warren

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	David Evans	4,442	60.8
	Liberal	Ross Young	2,250	30.8
	National Country	Noel Klopper	477	6.5
	Independent	Noel Duggan	133	1.8
Total formal votes			7,302	97.4
Informal votes			198	2.6
Turnout			7,500	91.3
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	David Evans	4,629	63.4
	Liberal	Ross Young	2,673	36.6
	Labor hold		Swing

Welshpool

1983 Western Australian state election: Welshpool

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Colin Jamieson	9,482	64.8
	Liberal	Robert Gray	5,159	35.2
Total formal votes			14,641	96.5
Informal votes			525	3.5
Turnout			15,166	87.8
	Labor hold		Swing

Whitford

1983 Western Australian state election: Whitford

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Pam Beggs	8,778	57.7
	Liberal	Darryll Retallack	6,434	42.3
Total formal votes			15,212	98.1
Informal votes			287	1.9
Turnout			15,499	88.6
	Labor gain from Liberal		Swing

See also

• 1983 Western Australian state election
• Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 1983–1986

References

1. Prescott, David Black with the assistance of Valerie (1997). Election statistics : Legislative Assembly of Western Australia, 1890-1996. Perth, [W.A.]: Western Australian Parliamentary History Project and Western Australian Electoral Commission. ISBN 0730984095.