List of research universities in the United States
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This is a list of universities in the United States classified as research universities in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Research institutions are a subset of doctoral degree-granting institutions and conduct research. These institutions "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2019-20 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures in FY20 were assigned to one of two categories based on a measure of research activity."[1]
History
Summarize
Perspective
The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that:
- Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs
- Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate
- Give high priority to research
- Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year
- Receive annually $40 million or more in federal support[2]
The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994.[3]
In their interim 2000 edition of the classification, the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive in order to avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences."[4] The foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework [4][5] so that the term "Research I university" was no longer valid, though many universities continued to use it.
In 2015, the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the "Research I university" designations along with "Research II" and "Research III." The current system, introduced in 2018, includes the following three categories for doctoral universities:[6]
- R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity
- R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity
- D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities
In the 2018 classification, institutions were classified as either R1 or R2 if they "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2016-17 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures."[6] A "research activity index" was then calculated that included the following measures:
- Research & development (R&D) expenditures in science and engineering (S&E)
- R&D expenditures in non-S&E fields
- S&E research staff (postdoctoral appointees and other non-faculty research staff with doctorates)
- Doctoral conferrals in humanities, social science, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, and in other fields (e.g., business, education, public policy, social work)
These four measures were combined using principal component analysis to create two indices of research activity, one representing an aggregate level of research activity and the other representing per-capita research activity. Institutions that were high on both indices were classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[6]
In 2023, it was announced that the Carnegie Classification System would again be revised for the 2025 classifications. R1 institutions will be defined as those that (1) have $50 million in research expenditures, and (2) grant 70 research doctorates. Other changes to the classification system include multiple labels to identify institutions, and recognition for non-doctoral universities. The labels for R1 and R2 were changed, with the words "research activity" replaced by "research spending and doctorate production". All institutions with more than $2.5 million in research expenditures that were not classified as R1 or R2 were placed in the new classification of "Research Colleges and Universities".[7]
Universities classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production"
Summarize
Perspective
There are 187 institutions that are classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2025 update.[8]
These universities have a very high level of both research activity and per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements. In other words, these institutions provide a lot of resources for research and have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as the aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively.[9]
In 2025, 187 institutions have been given a designation of R1, up from the previous 146 in the 2021 classification.
- The campus has a Binghamton mailing address, but is mostly located in the adjacent town of Vestal.
- "New York" is the U.S. Postal Service designation for the New York City borough of Manhattan.
- The campus has a Miami mailing address, but is in the unincorporated Miami-Dade County community of Westchester.
- The main campus has a Fairfax mailing address, but is in unincorporated Fairfax County.
- The campus has a Dallas mailing address, but is almost entirely located in the separate city of University Park.
- "University Park" is the postal designation for the main Penn State campus, which is divided between the communities of State College and College Township.
- The campus has a Buffalo mailing address, but is mostly located in the adjacent town of Amherst.
- La Jolla is a San Diego neighborhood served by a separate post office from most of the city.
- The campus has a Santa Barbara mailing address, but is mostly located in the adjacent community of Isla Vista.
- The main campus has an Orlando mailing address, but is located in unincorporated Orange County.
- The campus is almost evenly divided between Champaign and Urbana. The main administration building for the campus is in Champaign.
- The campus has a Las Vegas mailing address, but is located outside the city limits in the unincorporated community of Paradise.
Map of institutions


UAB

AU

UA

UA

ASU

UA

NAU

UCSF

UCD

UCB

Stanford

UCSC

UCSB

UCLA/USC


UCI

UCM

Caltech

UCR

UCSD

SDSU

CSU

CUB

CUD

UND

DU

Mines

UConn

Yale

American/GWU/Georgetown


UDel

FIU

FSU

UF

UCF

FAU

NSU

USF

UMiami

Emory/
GA Tech/GSU
GA Tech/GSU



UGA

U Hawaiʻi

U of Idaho

NU

UChicago/UIC


UIUC

SIU

IU

Purdue

ND

IU Indy

UIowa

ISU

KU

KSU

UK

U of L

UL

LSU

Tulane

UMaine

JHU/UMB


UMBC

UMD

UMass

UMass Lowell

BC/BU/Harv./MIT/NEU/Tufts/Umass B







WPI

WSU

UMich

Mich. St.

MTU

UMN

MU

UMKC

S&T

WUSTL

SLU

Ole Miss

USM

MS St.

MT St.

UNMC

UNL

UNR

UNLV

Dartmouth

UNH

NJIT

Rutgers

Princeton

UNM

NMSU


UB

Bing.

UAlbany

RPI

SBU

Syr.

Cornell

UR

Colum./CUNY/NYU/Cornell


UNC

NCSU

Duke

ECU

UNCC

NDSU

UDayton

UToledo

KSU

OSU

Ohio

UC

CWRU

OU

OK St.

UO

OR St.

Drexel/Penn/TU



LU

CMU/Pitt

PSU


Brown

URI

MUSC

USC

Clemson

UTHSC

Memphis

UTK

VU

UTHSCH

Baylor Med

UTHSCSA

UTSW

SMU

Baylor

Rice

UT

TAMU

UNT

TTU

UH

UTA

UTD

UTEP

UTSA

USU

Utah

BYU

ODU

UVA

VT

VCU

GMU

W&M

UW

WSU

UW

UWM

WVU

UVM

UW
Universities classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research spending and doctorate production"
Summarize
Perspective
There are 140 institutions that are classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research spending and doctorate production" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2025 update.[10]
These universities have a very high level of either research activity or per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements, while having a very low level on the other qualification. In other words, these institutions either lack research facilities or do not have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as the aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively.[9]
- "New York" is the U.S. Postal Service designation for the New York City borough of Manhattan.
- The campus has a Kennesaw mailing address but is located in unincorporated Cobb County.
- The main Oakland campus has a Rochester mailing address, but is divided between the separate cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills.
- The campus has a Malibu mailing address but is located in unincorporated Los Angeles County.
- RIT has a Rochester mailing address, but is located in the nearby town of Henrietta.
- UTRGV has multiple campuses within its service area of the Lower Rio Grande Valley; its administration is located at the Edinburg campus it inherited from one of its predecessor institutions, the University of Texas–Pan American.
- Wright State has a Dayton mailing address but is located in the separate city of Fairborn.
Map of institutions


UAF

USA

UAH

UAMS

UALR

ASU

APU

Cal Poly Pomona

CSU Fullerton

CSU Fresno

CSULB

CU

LLU

CGU

LMU

PU

SFSU

SJSU

USD

USF

UCCS

UNCO

SCSU

DSU

ERAU

FAMU

FIT

UWF

UNF

AU

CAU

GSU

KSU

MU

BSU

ISU

DU

IIT

ISU

RU

NIU

BSU

WSU

LSUHSC

LA Tech

SU A&M

UNO

UMass Med

UMass D

CU

MSU

UNE

OU

CMU

EMU

UoMD

WMU

UMSL

JSU

NC A&T

UNCG

UNCW

ASU

WFU

CU

UNO

KU

MSU

RU

RUN

RUC

SHU

SIT

AECM

CU

CCNY

CHNY

FU

HU

Mount Sinai

LIU

RIT

RU

SUNY ESF

Teachers

New School

UMU

YU

AFIT

BGSU

CSU

WSU

MU

UA

OSUCHS

OUHSC

UT

OHSU

PDX

DU

IUP

SJU

TJU

VU

WCU

UPRM

UPRRP

SCSU

SDSU

USD

ETSU

MTSU

TSU

TTU

ACU

ETAMU

LU

PV A&M

SHSU

TSU

TAMU CC

TAMU K

TCU

TXSO

TXST

TTUHSC

TWU

UTT

UTMB

UTRGV

EVMS

HU

JMU

VSU

UVM

MCW

MU

MU
Universities classified as "Special Focus – Research Institutions"
Summarize
Perspective
There are 23 institutions that are classified as "Special Focus – Research Institutions" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2021 update.
This new category has the same threshold for inclusion as R1 and R2 schools do (At least twenty research doctorates awarded and five million dollars in research expenditures), but unlike R1 and R2 schools, they only award degrees in a single academic area.[11]
Institution | Control | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science | Private (non-profit) | Rochester | MN |
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences | Public | Bethesda | MD |
Both the Mayo Clinic and USUHS objectively qualify as R2 universities in 2025, but the American Council of Education made a choice to only consider IPEDS and HERD data for the 2025 classification.
Mayo Clinic's IPEDS doctoral production qualifies as R2, but HERD did not collect financial data. Historically, the Carnegie Classifications collected that data directly from the Mayo Clinic.
USUHS doctoral production, as obtained from its website also qualifies as R2, but as it is not a Title IV institution, IPEDS did not collect the data. In past classification years, that data was collected directly from the university. Its financial data is available from HERD, and also qualifies USUHS as an R2.
Map of institutions
Institutions classified as "Research Colleges and Universities"
There are 216 institutions that are classified as "Research Colleges and Universities" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2025 update.[12]
This new category has the requirement that these institutions spend at least $2.5 million on research & development given that they are not included in the R1 or R2 categories.[13]
See also
References
External links
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