coined by critic Nino Frank in 1946 and popularized by French critics RaymondBorde and Etienne Chaumeton in 1955. The term revived in general use beginning
monstrous, sadistic masseuse; a sleazy refugee abortionist, etc.)". RaymondBorde and Etienne Chaumeton writing in A Panorama of American Film Noir 1941–1953
Guido wants to make in 8½". Premier Plan critics André Bouissy and RaymondBorde argued that the film "has the importance, magnitude, and technical mastery
major success but managed to break even on the world market. Writers RaymondBorde and Etienne Chaumeton wrote: "From Henry Hathaway's Kiss of Death (1947)