POLR2A

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an enzyme that is encoded by the POLR2A gene in humans.

POLR2A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2GHQ, 2GHT, 2LTO, 3D9K, 3D9L, 3D9M, 3D9N, 3D9O, 3D9P, 4JXT, 5IY9, 5IYA, 5IYC, 5IYB, 5IY7, 5IY8, 5IYD, 5IY6
Identifiers
Aliases	POLR2A, POLR2, POLRA, RPB1, RPBh1, RPO2, RPOL2, RpIILS, hRPB220, hsRPB1, polymerase (RNA) II subunit A, RNA polymerase II subunit A, NEDHIB
External IDs	OMIM: 180660; MGI: 98086; HomoloGene: 721; GeneCards: POLR2A; OMA:POLR2A - orthologs
EC number	2.7.7.48
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17p13.1 Start 7,484,366 bp[1] End 7,514,616 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 B3|11 42.86 cM Start 69,624,823 bp[2] End 69,649,463 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right testis left testis stromal cell of endometrium mucosa of esophagus skin of leg right adrenal cortex right uterine tube Pituitary Gland left adrenal gland skin of abdomen Top expressed in neural layer of retina tail of embryo genital tubercle epiblast ventricular zone internal carotid artery Ileal epithelium tracheobronchial tree external carotid artery perirhinal cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity DNA binding nucleotidyltransferase activity RNA polymerase II activity metal ion binding RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity protein binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding RNA binding protein C-terminus binding promoter-specific chromatin binding Cellular component Prp19 complex nucleolus RNA polymerase II, core complex nucleus nucleoplasm cytoplasm Biological process mRNA splicing, via spliceosome regulation of transcription, DNA-templated somatic stem cell population maintenance DNA-templated transcription, termination transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, RNA-templated positive regulation of RNA splicing positive regulation of viral transcription transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway transcription, DNA-templated RNA metabolic process regulation of gene silencing by miRNA Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5430 20020 Ensembl ENSG00000284832 ENSG00000181222 ENSMUSG00000005198 UniProt P24928 P08775 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000937 NM_009089 NM_001291068 RefSeq (protein) NP_000928 NP_001277997 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 7.48 – 7.51 Mb Chr 11: 69.62 – 69.65 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for polymerase activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing RNA polymerase. In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA-binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA.^[5]

Interactions

POLR2A has been shown to interact with:

• BRCA1,^[6][7][8][9]
• CREBBP,^[10]
• CTDP1,^[7]
• CDK8,^[10]
• GTF2B,^[7]
• GTF2F1,^[7][10]
• GTF2H4,^[7]
• MED21,^[7][10][11]
• MED26,^[12]
• PCAF,^[10]
• POLR2C,^[13]
• POLR2E,^[13]
• POLR2H,^[13]
• POLR2L,^[13]
• PQBP1,^[14]
• SMARCA2,^[10][15][16]
• SMARCA4^[15][16][17]
• SMARCB1,^[10][15][16]
• SMYD3,^[18]
• SND1,^[19]
• SUPT5H,^[20][21]
• TAF11,^[7]
• TBP,^[7]
• TCEA1,^[22][23][24]
• TCERG1,^[25] and
• ZNF74.^[26]

References

1. ENSG00000181222 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000284832, ENSG00000181222 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005198 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: POLR2A polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 220kDa".
6. Krum SA, Miranda GA, Lin C, Lane TF (December 2003). "BRCA1 associates with processive RNA polymerase II". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (52): 52012–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308418200. PMID 14506230.
7. Scully R, Anderson SF, Chao DM, Wei W, Ye L, Young RA, Livingston DM, Parvin JD (May 1997). "BRCA1 is a component of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (11): 5605–10. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.5605S. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5605. PMC 20825. PMID 9159119.
8. Chiba N, Parvin JD (October 2001). "Redistribution of BRCA1 among four different protein complexes following replication blockage". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 38549–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105227200. PMID 11504724.
9. Krum SA, Womack JE, Lane TF (September 2003). "Bovine BRCA1 shows classic responses to genotoxic stress but low in vitro transcriptional activation activity". Oncogene. 22 (38): 6032–44. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206515. PMID 12955082.
10. Cho H, Orphanides G, Sun X, Yang XJ, Ogryzko V, Lees E, Nakatani Y, Reinberg D (September 1998). "A human RNA polymerase II complex containing factors that modify chromatin structure". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (9): 5355–63. doi:10.1128/MCB.18.9.5355. PMC 109120. PMID 9710619.
11. Suñé C, Hayashi T, Liu Y, Lane WS, Young RA, Garcia-Blanco MA (October 1997). "CA150, a nuclear protein associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, is involved in Tat-activated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (10): 6029–39. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.10.6029. PMC 232452. PMID 9315662.
12. Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Parmely TJ, Florens L, Zybailov B, Swanson SK, Banks CA, Jin J, Cai Y, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC (June 2004). "A set of consensus mammalian mediator subunits identified by multidimensional protein identification technology". Mol. Cell. 14 (5): 685–91. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.006. PMID 15175163.
13. Acker J, de Graaff M, Cheynel I, Khazak V, Kedinger C, Vigneron M (July 1997). "Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (27): 16815–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815. PMID 9201987.
14. Humbert S, Saudou F (May 2002). "Toward cell specificity in SCA1". Neuron. 34 (5): 669–70. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00715-8. PMID 12062012. S2CID 15993809.
15. Sif S, Saurin AJ, Imbalzano AN, Kingston RE (March 2001). "Purification and characterization of mSin3A-containing Brg1 and hBrm chromatin remodeling complexes". Genes Dev. 15 (5): 603–18. doi:10.1101/gad.872801. PMC 312641. PMID 11238380.
16. Wang W, Côté J, Xue Y, Zhou S, Khavari PA, Biggar SR, Muchardt C, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Yaniv M, Workman JL, Crabtree GR (October 1996). "Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex". EMBO J. 15 (19): 5370–82. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00921.x. PMC 452280. PMID 8895581.
17. Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR (November 1998). "Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling". Cell. 95 (5): 625–36. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81633-5. PMID 9845365. S2CID 3184211.
18. Hamamoto R, Furukawa Y, Morita M, Iimura Y, Silva FP, Li M, Yagyu R, Nakamura Y (August 2004). "SMYD3 encodes a histone methyltransferase involved in the proliferation of cancer cells". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (8): 731–40. doi:10.1038/ncb1151. PMID 15235609. S2CID 13456531.
19. Yang J, Aittomäki S, Pesu M, Carter K, Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Kieff E, Silvennoinen O (September 2002). "Identification of p100 as a coactivator for STAT6 that bridges STAT6 with RNA polymerase II". EMBO J. 21 (18): 4950–8. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf463. PMC 126276. PMID 12234934.
20. Kim JB, Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Handa H, Sharp PA (September 1999). "Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (9): 5960–8. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.9.5960. PMC 84462. PMID 10454543.
21. Wada T, Takagi T, Yamaguchi Y, Ferdous A, Imai T, Hirose S, Sugimoto S, Yano K, Hartzog GA, Winston F, Buratowski S, Handa H (February 1998). "DSIF, a novel transcription elongation factor that regulates RNA polymerase II processivity, is composed of human Spt4 and Spt5 homologs". Genes Dev. 12 (3): 343–56. doi:10.1101/gad.12.3.343. PMC 316480. PMID 9450929.
22. Conaway RC, Kong SE, Conaway JW (August 2003). "TFIIS and GreB: two like-minded transcription elongation factors with sticky fingers". Cell. 114 (3): 272–4. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00607-X. PMID 12914690. S2CID 14209300.
23. Archambault J, Pan G, Dahmus GK, Cartier M, Marshall N, Zhang S, Dahmus ME, Greenblatt J (October 1998). "FCP1, the RAP74-interacting subunit of a human protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase IIO". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (42): 27593–601. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.42.27593. PMID 9765293.
24. Pan G, Aso T, Greenblatt J (September 1997). "Interaction of elongation factors TFIIS and elongin A with a human RNA polymerase II holoenzyme capable of promoter-specific initiation and responsive to transcriptional activators". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (39): 24563–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24563. PMID 9305922.
25. Carty SM, Goldstrohm AC, Suñé C, Garcia-Blanco MA, Greenleaf AL (August 2000). "Protein-interaction modules that organize nuclear function: FF domains of CA150 bind the phosphoCTD of RNA polymerase II". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (16): 9015–20. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.9015C. doi:10.1073/pnas.160266597. PMC 16813. PMID 10908677.
26. Grondin B, Côté F, Bazinet M, Vincent M, Aubry M (October 1997). "Direct interaction of the KRAB/Cys2-His2 zinc finger protein ZNF74 with a hyperphosphorylated form of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (44): 27877–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.27877. PMID 9346935.

Further reading

• Jeang KT (1998). "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription". J. Biomed. Sci. 5 (1): 24–7. doi:10.1007/BF02253352. PMID 9570510.
• Yankulov K, Bentley D (1998). "Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation". Curr. Biol. 8 (13): R447–9. Bibcode:1998CBio....8.R447Y. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1. PMID 9651670. S2CID 15480646.
• Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, Micheli P, Khalili K, Giordano A (2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (3): 357–68. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 10536359. S2CID 43685090.
• Szentirmay MN, Sawadogo M (2000). "Spatial organization of RNA polymerase II transcription in the nucleus". Nucleic Acids Res. 28 (10): 2019–25. doi:10.1093/nar/28.10.2019. PMC 105382. PMID 10773068.
• Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M (2002). "Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator". IUBMB Life. 51 (3): 175–81. doi:10.1080/152165401753544241. PMID 11547919. S2CID 10931640.