Quasiperiodicity

Quasiperiodicity is the property of a system that displays irregular periodicity. Periodic behavior is defined as recurring at regular intervals, such as "every 24 hours".^[1] Quasiperiodic behavior is almost but not quite periodic.^[2] The term used to denote oscillations that appear to follow a regular pattern but which do not have a fixed period. The term thus used does not have a precise definition and should not be confused with more strictly defined mathematical concepts such as an almost periodic function or a quasiperiodic function.

Climatology

Climate oscillations that appear to follow a regular pattern but which do not have a fixed period are called quasiperiodic.^[3][4]

Within a dynamical system such as the ocean-atmosphere system, oscillations may occur regularly when they are forced by a regular external forcing: for example, the familiar winter-summer cycle is forced by variations in sunlight from the (very close to perfectly) periodic motion of the Earth around the Sun. Or, like the recent ice age cycles, they may be less regular but still locked by external forcing. However, when the system contains the potential for an oscillation, but there is no strong external forcing to be phase-locked to, the "period" is likely to be irregular.

The canonical example of quasiperiodicity in climatology is El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).^[5] ENSO is highly consequential for wheat cultivation in Australia.^[5] Models to predict and thereby assist adaptation to ENSO have a large potential benefit to Australian wheat farmers.^[5] In the modern era, it has a "period" somewhere between four and twelve years and a peak spectral density around five years.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Nonlinear resonance
• Quasiperiodic function
• Quasiperiodic motion
• Quasi-periodic oscillations
• Quasiperiodic tiling
• Seasonality

References

1. Periodicity – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2. Quasiperiodic – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
3. Not Found – UNISDR^{[permanent dead link‍]}
4. The meteorological glossary: 2d ed. 1930. Meteorological Office, Great Britain. "Certain phenomena which recur more or less regularly but without the exactness of truly periodic phenomena are termed quasi-periodic."
5. Potgieter, Andries; Zhao, Yan; Tejada, Pablo; Chenu, Karine; Zhang, Yifan; Porker, Kenton; Biddulph, Ben; Dang, Yash; Neale, Tim; Roosta, Fred; Chapman, Scott (2021). "Evolution and application of digital technologies to predict crop type and crop phenology in agriculture". in silico Plants. 3 (1). Oxford University Press (OUP) (The Annals of Botany Company (AoB)). doi:10.1093/insilicoplants/diab017. hdl:11343/280690. ISSN 2517-5025. This review cites this study: Zheng, Bangyou; Chapman, Scott; Chenu, Karine (2018). "The Value of Tactical Adaptation to El Niño–Southern Oscillation for East Australian Wheat". Climate. 6 (3): 77. Bibcode:2018Clim....6...77Z. doi:10.3390/cli6030077. CK ORCID 0000-0001-7273-2057.