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Late 7th-century Arab poet and Kharijite leader From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Qaṭari ibn al-Fujaʾa (Arabic: قطري بن الفجاءة; died c. 698–699 CE[3][2]) was a Kharjite leader and poet.[4] Born in Al Khuwayr, he ruled over the Azariqa faction of the Kharjites for more than ten years after the death of Nafi ibn al-Azraq in c. 685 CE.[5] He led an uprising against the Umayyad Caliphate for more than 20 years.[6] Despite commanding only a small group of Bedouin Arabs, Qatari ibn al-Fujaa managed to control much of Persia,[7][8] causing significant death and destruction, which earned him the fearsome nickname “Father of Death,” until he was ultimately defeated by the Umayyad forces.[9]
Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a | |
|---|---|
 Silver Dirham minted in the name of Qatari (694–695 CE) | |
| Born | Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a al-Mazini al-Tamimi |
| Died | c. 698–699 CE Semnan, Persia (present-day Iran) |
| Cause of death | Killed in battle[2] |
| Years active | 687–698/699 |
| Known for | Leader of the Azariqa sub-sect |
| Title | Amir al-Mu'minin (leader of the faithful) |
| Predecessor | Nafi ibn al-Azraq |
| Successor | Movement disbanded |
Ibn Khallikan, a 13th-century Muslim scholar, states that 'Qatari' is not his given name, but instead refers to the name of the region where he hailed from.[6] A member of the Banu Tamim tribe,[10] he held the title of Amir al-Mu'minin, which translates to 'leader of the faithful' and was the formal title of the Caliphs.[6] His nicknames were Na'ama (ostrich) and Abu al-Mawt (father of death).[6] It has been asserted that he was the first Khawarji leader to promote jihadism, as his poems glorified courage, death and war in the name of Allah.[6]
He minted the first known Kharijite coins, the earliest of which dated to 688 or 689.[11] It was minted in the Arab-Sasanian style. The coin bore the Pahlavi inscription "‛Abdallah Qatari, the Commander of the Faithful, who has increased the royal glory".[12]
In 687, Ibn al-Fuja'a assumed leadership over the Azariqa sub-sect of the Khawarij sect of Islam during the Second Fitna. Leading his troops from Kerman, he recaptured portions of Ahvaz and marched towards Basra.[11]
Around 698 or 699, the governor of Iraq al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf sent two of his generals, al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra and Sufyan ibn al-Abrad al-Kalbi, to attack Ibn al-Fuja'a and his men who were encamped in Tabaristan. After fleeing to Semnan, Ibn al-Fuja'a was confronted by Sufyan's forces. Ibn al Fuja'a's forces were defeated and he was decapitated in the encounter.[13][14] Shortly after the battle, the remnants of the Azariqa faction met their demise under the leadership of 'Abida ibn Hilal, marking the end of the Islamic sub-sect.[11]
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