Besakih Temple
Major Hindu temple in Bali, Indonesia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Besakih Temple (Balinese: ᬧᬸᬭᬩᭂᬲᬓᬶᬄ) is a pura Hindu temple in the village of Besakih on the slopes of Mount Agung in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It is the most important, largest, and holiest temple of Balinese Hinduism,[1] and one of a series of Balinese temples. Perched nearly 1000 meters up the side of Gunung Agung, it is an extensive complex of 23 separate but related temples with the largest and most important being Pura Penataran Agung. The temple is built on six levels, terraced up the slope. The entrance is marked by a candi bentar (split gateway), and beyond it, the Kori Agung is the gateway to the second courtyard.[2]
| Pura Besakih | |
|---|---|
 Pura Besakih, the holiest of all Balinese Hindu temples. | |
   | |
| General information | |
| Type | Pura |
| Architectural style | Balinese |
| Location | Besakih, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia |
| Address | Besakih, Rendang, Karangasem Regency, Bali 80863 |
| Coordinates | 8°22′28″S 115°27′03″E |
| Estimated completion | 15th-century |
| Website | |
| www | |
History
The precise origins of the temple are unclear but its importance as a holy site almost certainly dates from prehistoric times. The stone bases of Pura Penataran Agung and several other temples resemble megalithic stepped pyramids, which date back at least 2,000 years.
It was certainly used as a Hindu place of worship from 1284 when the first Javanese conquerors settled in Bali. By the 15th century, Besakih had become a state temple of the powerful Gelgel dynasty.[2]
Location
The temple is on the slopes of Mount Agung, the principal volcano of Bali.[3]
Architecture
Pura Besakih is a complex made up of 23 temples that sit on parallel ridges. It has stepped terraces and flights of stairs that ascend to several courtyards and brick gateways that lead up to the main spire or Meru structure, which is called Pura Penataran Agung. All this is aligned along a single axis and designed to lead the spiritual person upward and closer to the mountain which is considered sacred.[4]
The main sanctuary of the complex is the Pura Penataran Agung. The symbolic center of the main sanctuary is the lotus throne, or padmasana, which is therefore the ritual focus of the entire complex. It dates to around the seventeenth century.[5]
A series of eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, which killed approximately 1,700 people[6][7] also threatened Pura Besakih. The lava flows missed the temple complex by mere meters. The Balinese people regarded the saving of the temple as miraculous, and a signal from the gods that they wished to demonstrate their power but not destroy the monument the Balinese faithful had erected.
Festivals
Each year, there are at least 70 festivals held at the complex since almost every shrine celebrates a yearly anniversary. This cycle is based on the 210-day Balinese Pawukon calendar year.[5]
It had been nominated as a World Heritage Site as early as 1995 but was pulled out in 2015.
Visitors
In 2013, foreign visitors accounted for 84,368 persons (77.2% of all visitors), while domestic visitors accounted for 24,853 persons (22.8%).[8]
Maintenance efforts
On 13 March 2023, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo inaugurated the arrangement of facilities for the sacred area of Pura Agung Besakih in Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. In his speech, President Jokowi emphasized the importance of caring for Pura Agung Besakih which is very sacred to Hindus, not only Hindus in Bali, but throughout the archipelago.
"We must protect this holy temple, we must maintain it with full respect so that Hindus and visitors who come to Pura Agung Besakih can feel its aura of holiness, because by maintaining its purity, it maintains cleanliness, it maintains tidiness and at the same time it becomes a beautiful place," said the President. Jokowi.
Apart from that, Pura Agung Besakih is always packed with visitors, especially if there is a big ceremony, especially the Bhatara Turun Kabeh Ceremony which is held every sasih kadasa. The President believes that the arrival of more and more people and visitors without being balanced with arrangements and anticipation for the future will cause chaos and discomfort.[9]
Gallery
The main temple of Besakih
Meru towers of Pura Besakih
Pura Besakih
Pura Besakih
A puja ceremony at the Besakih Temple
A prayer ceremony at Besakih Temple
Bali view from Besakih/Mother Temple's main gate
See also
Notes
Further reading
External links
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