Puncture (topology)

Not to be confused with Puncturing (coding theory).

In topology, puncturing a manifold is removing a finite set of points from that manifold.^[1] The set of points can be small as a single point. In this case, the manifold is known as once-punctured. With the removal of a second point, it becomes twice-punctured, and so on.

Examples of punctured manifolds include the open disk (which is a sphere with a single puncture), the cylinder (which is a sphere with two punctures),^[1] and the Möbius strip (which is a projective plane with a single puncture).^[2]

References

1. Seifert & Threlfall 1980, p. 29.
2. Seifert & Threlfall 1980, p. 12.

Bibliography

• Seifert, Herbert; Threlfall, William (1980). A Textbook of Topology. Pure and Applied Mathematics. Vol. 89. Translated by Goldman, Michael A. New York & London: Academic Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-12-634850-2. MR 0575168.