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Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Italian: Ferdinando IV, Granduca di Toscana;[1] 10 June 1835 – 17 January 1908) was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860.
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (November 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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| Ferdinand IV | |||||
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| Grand Duke of Tuscany | |||||
| Reign | 21 July 1859 – 22 March 1860 | ||||
| Predecessor | Leopold II | ||||
| Born | 10 June 1835 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany | ||||
| Died | 17 January 1908 (aged 72) Salzburg, Austria-Hungary | ||||
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| House | Habsburg-Lorraine | ||||
| Father | Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany | ||||
| Mother | Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.
His first wife died in February 1859. Sometime later, he and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence as part of the unification of Italy. The family took refuge in Austria. After the end of the war, Leopold II abdicated on 21 July and Ferdinand succeeded him as Grand Duke. Ferdinand proved unable to return to Florence to claim his throne, and an elected Tuscan National Assembly formally deposed him only a month later, on 16 August, with Tuscany being merged into the United Provinces of Central Italy. Ferdinand still hoped to recover his throne, as both France and Austria had promised to recognize his rights to it in the Armistice of Villafranca. However, neither power was willing to take any steps to bring about his restoration; Sardinia would annex Tuscany on 22 March 1860, and with Austria recognizing the new Kingdom of Italy after the Third War of Independence in 1866, Ferdinand's hopes to reclaim the throne were ended.
Subsequently Ferdinand and his family returned to Austria. While Ferdinand was allowed to keep the grand ducal title as a courtesy and retain his status as grand master of all Tuscan orders of chivalry for his lifetime, his descendants could only bear the title of "Archduke/Archduchess of Austria"; the right to bear the title "Prince/ss of Tuscany" became restricted solely to family members born before 1866. In 1870 Ferdinand relinquished all dynastic rights to the defunct Grand Duchy for himself and his future heirs in favour of his second cousin, Emperor Franz Joseph I, effectively ending the House of Habsburg-Tuscany's status as a sovereign cadet branch.[2][3]
Ferdinand died in Salzburg in 1908, after spending the rest of his life in exile. Upon his death, his descendants were barred from using their Tuscan titles by Imperial decree.[4][5]
He married twice and had issue:
From his first marriage in Dresden on 24 November 1856 to Princess Anna of Saxony, (Dresden, 4 January 1836 – Naples, 10 February 1859), daughter of King John I of Saxony, was born:
From his second marriage in Frohsdorf on 11 January 1868 to Princess Alice "Alix" of Bourbon-Parma (Parma, 27 December 1849 – Schwertberg, 16 January 1935), daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma:
Ferdinand received the following awards:[6]
Grand Duchy of Tuscany:
Austrian Empire:
Grand Duchy of Baden:
Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of the Order of Saint Hubert, 1856[11]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (civil), 24 September 1856[12]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion, 19 December 1856[13]
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 26 January 1861[14]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 12 January 1864[15]
Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Order of the Rue Crown, 1856[16]
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, 1882[17]| Ancestors of Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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