Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Italian: Ferdinando IV, Granduca di Toscana;^[1] 10 June 1835 – 17 January 1908) was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860.

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Quick Facts Grand Duke of Tuscany, Reign ...

Ferdinand IV

Grand Duke of Tuscany

Reign

21 July 1859 – 22 March 1860

Predecessor

Leopold II

Born

10 June 1835
Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Died

17 January 1908 (aged 72)
Salzburg, Austria-Hungary

Spouse

Princess Anna of Saxony

(m. ; died )

Princess Alice of Parma

(m. )

Issue
Detail

Archduchess Maria Antonia
Archduke Leopold Ferdinand
Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony
Archduke Josef Ferdinand
Archduke Peter Ferdinand
Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand
Anna Maria, Princess of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
Archduchess Margareta Maria
Archduchess Germana Maria
Archduke Robert Ferdinand
Archduchess Agnes Maria

Names
Italian: Ferdinando Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovan Battista Francesco Luigi Gonzaga Raffaello Ranieri Gennaro German: Ferdinand Salvator Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Franz Ludwig Gonzaga Raphael Rainerius Gennarius

House

Habsburg-Lorraine

Father

Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Mother

Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies

Religion

Roman Catholicism

Biography

Summarize

Perspective

Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.

His first wife died in February 1859. Sometime later, he and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence as part of the unification of Italy. The family took refuge in Austria. After the end of the war, Leopold II abdicated on 21 July and Ferdinand succeeded him as Grand Duke. Ferdinand proved unable to return to Florence to claim his throne, and an elected Tuscan National Assembly formally deposed him only a month later, on 16 August, with Tuscany being merged into the United Provinces of Central Italy. Ferdinand still hoped to recover his throne, as both France and Austria had promised to recognize his rights to it in the Armistice of Villafranca. However, neither power was willing to take any steps to bring about his restoration; Sardinia would annex Tuscany on 22 March 1860, and with Austria recognizing the new Kingdom of Italy after the Third War of Independence in 1866, Ferdinand's hopes to reclaim the throne were ended.

Subsequently Ferdinand and his family returned to Austria. While Ferdinand was allowed to keep the grand ducal title as a courtesy and retain his status as grand master of all Tuscan orders of chivalry for his lifetime, his descendants could only bear the title of "Archduke/Archduchess of Austria"; the right to bear the title "Prince/ss of Tuscany" became restricted solely to family members born before 1866. The House of Habsburg-Tuscany continued to be recognised as a sovereign cadet branch of the House of Austria in the Almanach de Gotha and other similar genealogical publications and given precedence as such at the Austrian court. .^[2]

Ferdinand died in Salzburg in 1908, after spending the rest of his life in exile. Upon his death, for the sake of good relations with the Italian Crown, the Grand Duke's immediate successor as head of the Tuscan branch, Archduke Josef of Austria was no longer accorded the title of Grand Duke at the Austrian Court although he was recognised as such by Tuscan monarchists and Austrian subjects were no linger permitted to accept the awards of the Tuscan Orders. ^[3] The claim that the Orders were no longer conferred is, however, incorrect and the Almanach de Gotha continued to describe successive heads of the Tuscan branch as grand masters of the Order of Saint Stephen of Tuscany.

Family and children

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Perspective

He married twice and had issue:

From his first marriage in Dresden on 24 November 1856 to Princess Anna of Saxony, (Dresden, 4 January 1836 – Naples, 10 February 1859), daughter of King John I of Saxony, was born:

Archduchess Maria Antonietta (Florence, 10 January 1858 – Cannes, 13 April 1883). She became Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Convent in the Hradschin in Prague. Unmarried and without Issue.

From his second marriage in Frohsdorf on 11 January 1868 to Princess Alice "Alix" of Bourbon-Parma (Parma, 27 December 1849 – Schwertberg, 16 January 1935), daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma:

Archduke Leopold Ferdinand (1868–1935). He renounced his titles on 29 December 1902 and took the name Leopold Wölfling. He married three times, without issue.
Archduchess Louise (1870–1947). Married first King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and after divorcing him married second Enrico Toselli and had issue by both marriages.
Archduke Josef Ferdinand (1872–1942). He married, firstly, Rosa Kaltenbrunner and, after divorcing her married, secondly Gertrud Tomanek, by whom he had issue. Both marriages were morganatic.
Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria (1874–1948). Married Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, and had issue.
Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand (1878–1969). A major general in the Austrian army, morganatically married Maria Karoline Ludescher, and had issue.
Archduchess Anna Maria (1879–1961). She married Johannes, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein; their granddaughter married Hans Veit, Count of Toerring-Jettenbach, son of Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark.
Archduchess Margareta Maria (1881–1965)
Archduchess Germana Maria (1884–1955)
Archduke Robert Ferdinand (1885–1895)
Archduchess Agnes Maria (1891–1945)