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Surface on which a sports game takes place From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A pitch or a sports ground is an outdoor playing area for various sports. The term pitch is most commonly used in British English, while the comparable term in Australian, American and Canadian English is playing field or sports field.
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For most sports the official term is field of play, although this is not regularly used by those outside refereeing/umpiring circles.[citation needed] The field of play generally includes out-of-bounds areas that a player is likely to enter while playing a match, such as the area beyond the touchlines in association football and rugby or the sidelines in American and Canadian football, or the "foul territory" in baseball.
The surface of a pitch is most commonly composed of sod (grass), but may also be artificial turf, sand, clay, gravel, concrete, or other materials. A playing field on ice may be referred to as a rink, for example an ice hockey rink, although rink may also refer to the entire building or, in the sport of curling, to either the building or a particular team.
In the sport of cricket, the cricket pitch refers not to the entire field of play, but to the section of the field on which batting and bowling take place in the centre of the field. The pitch is prepared differently from the rest of the field, to provide a harder surface for bowling.
A pitch is often a regulation space, as in an association football pitch.
The term level playing field is also used metaphorically to mean fairness in non-sporting human activities such as business where there are notional winners and losers.[1]
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| Sport | Shape | Field length | Total length | Width | Total width |
Depth/height | Surface |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basque pelota (Jai-Alai) | Rectangular cuboid | 54.00 m | - | 10.00 m | - | 10.00 m | |
| Boccia | Rectangular | 12.50 m | - | 6.00 m | - | - | polished concrete, wooden, natural or synthetic rubber. |
| Dodgeball (WDA) | Rectangular | 17.00 m | - | 8.00 m | - | - | |
| Sepak takraw | Rectangular | 44 feet (13 m) | - | 20 feet (6.1 m) | - | ||
| Aquatics | |||||||
| Swimming (Olympic) | Rectangular cuboid | 50.00 m | - | 25.00 m | - | 2-3 m | |
| Swimming (short course) | Rectangular cuboid | 25.00 m | - | 20.00 m | - | 2-2.5m | |
| Waterpolo | Rectangular cuboid | 25.00 m | - | 20.00 m | - | 1.80 m | |
| Basketball | |||||||
| Basketball (FIBA) | Rectangular | 28.00 m | - | 15.00 m | - | ||
| Basketball (NBA) | Rectangular | 94 feet (29 m) | - | 50 feet (15 m) | - | ||
| Basketball (3x3) | Rectangular | 11.00 m | - | 15.00 m | - | ||
| Bat and ball sports | |||||||
| Baseball (MLB) | Diamond | 250–400 feet (76–122 m)[2] | - | 446.9–492.9 feet (136.2–150.2 m)[3] | - | - | grass |
| Baseball5 | Square | 21.00 m | - | 21.00 m | - | - | |
| Softball (WBSC)[4] | Circle quadrant | 220–250 feet (67–76 m) | - | 220–250 feet (67–76 m) | - | - | |
| Cricket | Oval | 130–180 yards (120–160 m) | - | 130–180 yards (120–160 m) | - | - | |
| Indoor cricket | Rectangular | 30.00 m | - | 12.00 m | - | - | |
| Pesapallo | Irregular hexagon | 315 feet (96 m) | - | 138 feet (42 m) | - | - | |
| Combat sports | |||||||
| Amateur wrestling | Circle | 9.00 m | - | 9.00 m | - | - | |
| Fencing | Rectangular | 14.00 m | 17–18 m | 1.50 m | - | - | |
| Kickboxing (ring) | Rectangular cuboid | 5.20 m | - | 5.20 m | - | 1.32 m | felt, rubber |
| Mixed Martial Arts (UFC)[5] | Octagon | 30 feet (9.1 m) | - | 30 feet (9.1 m) | - | 69 inches (1.8 m) | |
| Taekwondo (WT) | Octagon | 8.00 m | - | 8.00 m | - | - | |
| Football codes | |||||||
| Association football | Rectangular | 110–120 yards (100–110 m) | - | 70–80 yards (64–73 m) | - | grass, artificial | |
| Beach soccer | Rectangular | 35–37 m | - | 26–28 m | - | sand | |
| Futsal | Rectangular | 38-42 m | - | 20-25 m | - | wood, artificial | |
| American football | Rectangular | 100 yards (91 m) | 120 yards (110 m) | 160 feet (49 m) | - | grass, artificial | |
| Flag football[6] | Rectangular | 50 yards (46 m) | 70 yards (64 m) | 25 yards (23 m) | - | - | solid, sand |
| Indoor American football | Rounded rectangular | 50 yards (46 m) | 66 yards (60 m) | 28 yards (26 m) | - | artificial | |
| Canadian football | Rectangular | 110 yards (100 m) | 150 yards (140 m) | 65 yards (59 m) | - | grass, artificial | |
| Rugby union | Rectangular | 94-100 m | 106-144 m | 68-70 m | - | grass, sand, clay, snow, artificial | |
| Rugby league | Rectangular | 100.00 m | 112-122 m | 68.00 m | - | grass | |
| Australian rules football | Oval | 135-185 m | - | 110-155 m | - | grass | |
| Gaelic football | Rectangular | 130–145 m | - | 80–90 m | - | grass | |
| Handball | |||||||
| Handball | Rectangular | 40.00 m | - | 20.00 m | - | ||
| Beach handball | Rectangular | 27.00 m | - | 12.00 m | - | sand | |
| Hockey | |||||||
| Bandy | Rectangular | 100-110 m | - | 60-65 m | - | ice | |
| Field hockey | Rectangular | 100 yards (91 m) | - | 60 yards (55 m) | - | ||
| Indoor hockey | Rectangular | 36-44 m | - | 18-22 m | - | ||
| Ice hockey (IIHF) | Rounded rectangular | 61.00 m | - | 30.00 m | - | ice | |
| Ice hockey (NHL) | Rounded rectangular | 200 feet (61 m) | - | 85 feet (26 m) | - | ice | |
| Underwater hockey | Rectangular cuboid | 21-25 m | - | 12-15 m | - | 2-3.65 m | |
| Ice speed skating | |||||||
| Short track speed skating | Stadium[7] | 60.00 m | - | 30.00 m | - | - | ice |
| Long track speed skating | Stadium | 178.00 m | - | 66.00 m | - | - | ice |
| Kabbaddi | |||||||
| Kabaddi (standard)[8] | Rectangular | 13.00 m | - | 10.00 m | - | - | |
| Kabaddi (circle-style)[9] | Circle | 44.00 m | - | 44.00 m | - | - | |
| Kho kho | |||||||
| Kho kho | Rectangular | 27.00 m | 30.00 m | 16.00 m | 19.00 m | - | |
| Kho kho (Ultimate Kho Kho)[10] | Rectangular | 22.00 m | 26.00 m | 16.00 m | 20.00 m | - | |
| Lacrosse | |||||||
| Field lacrosse (men) | Rectangular | 110.00 m | - | 60.00 m | - | ||
| Women lacrosse | Rectangular | 100.00 m | - | 50-60 m | - | ||
| Box lacrosse | Rounded rectangular | 55-61 m | - | 24-28 m | - | artificial turf, concrete | |
| Lacrosse sixes | Rectangular | 70 m | - | 36.00 m | - | ||
| Polo | |||||||
| Polo | Rectangular | 250–300 yards (230–270 m) | - | 160–200 yards (150–180 m) | - | grass | |
| Snow polo | Rectangular | 170 yards (160 m) | - | 80 yards (73 m) | - | snow | |
| Racquet sports | |||||||
| Badminton (singles) | Rectangular | 44 feet (13 m) | 17.40 m | 17 feet (5.2 m) | 8.18 m | ||
| Badminton (doubles) | Rectangular | 44 feet (13 m) | 17.40 m | 20 feet (6.1 m) | 9.10 m | ||
| Padel | Rectangular cuboid | 20.00 m | - | 10.00 m | - | 4.00 m | |
| Squash (singles) | Rectangular cuboid | 9.75 m | - | 6.40 m | - | 4.57 m | |
| Squash (doubles) | Rectangular cuboid | 9.75 m | - | 8.42 m | - | 4.57 m | |
| Tennis (singles) | Rectangular | 78 feet (24 m) | 37.00 m | 27 feet (8.2 m) | 18.00 m | clay, grass, hard | |
| Tennis (doubles) | Rectangular | 78 feet (24 m) | 37.00 m | 36 feet (11 m) | 18.00 m | clay, grass, hard | |
| Tchoukball | |||||||
| Tchoukball | Rectangular | 27.00 m | - | 17.00 m | - | ||
| Beach tchoukball | Rectangular | 21-23 m | - | 11-13 m | - | sand | |
| Track and field | |||||||
| Track and field (indoor) | Stadium | 90.03 m | - | 45.78 m | - | - | |
| Track and field (outdoor) | Stadium | 176.91 m | - | 92.52 m | - | - | |
| Ultimate | |||||||
| Ultimate | Rectangular | 64.00 m | 100.00 m | 37.00 m | - | - | |
| Beach ultimate | Rectangular | 49 yards (45 m) | 82 yards (75 m) | 27 yards (25 m) | - | - | sand |
| Volleyball | |||||||
| Volleyball | Rectangular | 18.00 m | 24-31 m | 9.00 m | 15-19 m | wooden, synthetic | |
| Beach volleyball | Rectangular | 16.00 m | 20-28m | 8.00 m | 18-20 m | sand | |
| Snow volleyball | Rectangular | 16.00 m | 22.00 m | 8.00 m | 14.00 m | snow | |
|
Game court is one of the names for a multi-sport athletic space, typically constructed outdoors, where such games as basketball, volleyball, paddle tennis and other racquet sports, and up to a dozen more games and activities can be played. They are usually smaller than a regulation tennis (120' x 60')or basketball (84'x50')court, although there is no set dimensions or size for a game court. The game-court concept was popularized by Sport Court in the 1970s, and some generic references are made to game courts as 'sport courts', although that is a trademark of Connor Sport Court International, LLC. Game courts are often found in residential backyards, giving families and children opportunities for healthy recreation close to home.
Game courts are usually constructed using a rectangular sub-base made from concrete or asphalt, then covered with an open-grid modular polypropylene (or similar) sports surface to improve safety. Most feature athletic equipment such as basketball goals, net systems for racquet sports, volleyball and badminton, lights for nighttime play, fencing or ball containment netting, hockey/soccer goals, lines or markings for various sports, and practice or training components can also be incorporated into the design.
The surface of a game court—as opposed to simply playing on concrete or asphalt—is designed for safe play and to reduce injury. Many people have started to use suspended athletic courts to cover old athletic courts like tennis courts and basketball courts. The surface should provide appropriate traction for various types of sports and activities, as well as shock or force reduction to minimize overuse and stress injuries.
Game courts are typically custom-designed to the interests of the family or organization, and are versatile in enabling a wide variety of sports to be played in a relatively small space. Some activities played on a game court are enjoyable modifications of other sports (such as short-court tennis) that allow for similar skills to be developed as the 'regulation' game, but on a reduced-scale court size. A typical game court of 50 by 30 feet (15.2 m × 9.1 m) might include a basketball key and 3-point line arranged around a hoop, overlaid by short-court tennis or pickleball lines (which can also be used for volleyball or badminton) along the longer dimension.
Game courts for private use will frequently be built with a high fence surrounding the surface to allow for containment of the ball used in play, and, if required, to prevent people from entering. Any of several materials have been used, including chain-link fencing, welded wire mesh fence, and fabric mesh or netting.
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