While based on the design of the earlier Cubs, the addition of an electrical system, flaps (3 notches), and a considerably more powerful engine (150hp), made it a very different flying experience. Although the "standard" Super Cub was fitted with a 150-horsepower (112kW) Lycoming engine, it is not uncommon to see them equipped with a 160-horsepower O-320-B2B, or even 180 horsepower (134kW) Lycoming O-360 powerplant. The high-lift wing and powerful engine made the Super Cub a prime candidate for conversion to either floatplane or skiplane. In addition, the PA-18A (an agricultural version) was produced for applying either dry chemical or liquid spray.
The Super Cub retained the basic "rag and tube" (fabric stretched over a steel tube frame) structure of the earlier J-3 Cub.
Piper PA-18-150 Super Cub floatplanePiper Cub used for weather monitoring and instrument maintenance in Alaska in 1950Super Cub PA-18-150 on floats
The first true "Super" Cubs had flaps, dual fuel tanks, and an O-235 Lycoming engine producing about 108hp (115hp for takeoff only). However, a 90hp Continental variant without flaps and without the optional second wing tank was available. Their empty weight was, on the average, 800–1000 pounds with a gross weight of 1,500lb. These Cubs would take off in about 400 feet (at gross weight) and land in about 300 feet using flaps. The Super Cub is renowned for its ability to take off and land in very short distances. The first Super Cubs were going to be offered with a unique four-wheel tandem main landing gear designed for landing and takeoff from rough terrain, but this was replaced with conventional landing gear.[2][3] The O-290 Lycoming powered Cubs (135hp) followed and would take off in about 200 feet (61m). The landing distance remained the same at about 400 feet (120m), or 300 feet (91m) using flaps. With the use of the Lycoming O-320 at 150–160hp, the Cub's allowable gross weight increased to 1,750lb while retaining the capability of a mere 200 feet (61m) required for takeoff.
The PA-18 has developed a very dedicated following in the bush-flying community, and many modifications have been developed for it, to the point where it is quite rare to find an original, completely stock Super Cub. Modifications include extended baggage compartments (reaching farther back into the fuselage, or even two-level baggage compartments in the top and bottom of the rear fuselage), external luggage pods, fuel pods, lumber racks for carrying construction materials into unimproved bush runways. Also the removal of header tanks, larger 24 or even 30 gallon wing fuel tanks, extended main landing gear for better ground clearance of the propeller, strengthened tailwheel springs, the addition of a small third passenger seat in the luggage area and lightweight generators and starters. Also various different mount areas for the battery (to move the weight forward, and reduce tail weight to shorten takeoff distance), various vertical stabilzer shapes to increase surface area, lengthened flaps, various wingtip designs, vortex generators on the leading edge of the wings, movement of the electrical panel from the right wing root to the dashboard to reduce fire hazard during a crash, and even the addition of a constant-speed propeller.
Above all, the most common modification is the addition of "bush wheels" (themselves said to be direct descendants of Alvin Musselman's 1920s-origin "airwheel" tires used on the original Piper J-3), large, soft, low pressure balloon-tires designed to absorb impacts from rocks and boulders, and to not sink into sand or other soft surfaces, ideal for off-runway landings.
Variants
PA-18 Super Cub
A parked Super CubPrototype and production variant powered by a 95hp Continental C-90-8F piston engine, sometimes known as the PA-18-95.[4]
PA-18-105 Super Cub
Production variant fitted with a 105hp Lycoming O-235-C1 piston engine and larger tailplane.[4]
PA-18-105 Special
Special variant built in 1952 and 1953 for the Civil Air Patrol as a trainer with horn-balanced elevators and provision for seat parachutes.[4]
PA-18-125 Super Cub
Variant to replace the PA-18-95 with flaps and horn-balanced elevators and a 125hp Lycoming O-290-D piston engine and either wood or metal controllable-pitch propeller.[4]
PA-18-135 Super Cub
Variant with a 135hp Lycoming O-290-D piston engine and fitted with two wing tanks as standard.[4]
Experimental variant with a 180hp Lycoming O-360 engine, one built in 1980 by Piper.[4] Other aircraft have been re-engined under a Supplemental Type Certificate.[5]
PA-18A
Designation for production agricultural aircraft, including cropdusters and sprayer variants and incorporating a slightly different rear fuselage profile to allow fitting of a hopper-tank in the rear seat position.[4]
PA-18S
Designation for production aircraft fitted with floats.[4]
PA-18AS
Designation of a small number of agricultural aircraft fitted with floats.[4]
PA-19 Super Cub
Original designation of the military variant of the PA-18, only three built and all subsequent military production were designated as PA-18s.[4]
Aeromod Loadstar Model 100
Biplane conversion of Super Cub, powered by 135hp (101kW) O-290-D engine, designed for improved capability from high-altitude airfields.[6]
SAFAT 01
A Sudanese development / copy built by the SAFAT Aviation Complex at Khartoum.[citation needed]
Military designations
L-18C Super Cub
Military designation of the PA-18 Super Cub for the United States Army, powered by a 95hp (71kW) Continental C90-8F piston engine, 838 delivered, at least 156 of which were delivered to other nations under MDAP.[7]
YL-21 Super Cub
Two Super Cub 135s for evaluation by the United States Army.[8]
L-21A Super Cub
Military designation of the Super Cub 125, powered by a 125hp (92kW) Avco Lycoming 0-290-II piston engine, 150 delivered.[8]
L-21B Super Cub
Military designation of the Super Cub 135, powered by a 135hp (101kW) Avco Lycoming 0-290-D2 piston engine, 584 delivered many to other nations under MDAP, re-designated U-7A in 1962.[8]
TL-21A
A number of L-21As were converted into training aircraft.
On a taildragger, the optional Whitaker tandem main landing gear was difficult to steer on a paved surface, whereas two large balloon tires provide maneuverability comparable to standard tires while still providing the flotation required on soft surfaces.
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