Baltimore City Council

The Baltimore City Council is the legislative branch that governs the City of Baltimore. It has 14 members elected by district and a president elected at-large; all serve four-year terms. The council holds regular meetings on alternate Monday evenings on the fourth floor of the Baltimore City Hall.^[1] The council has seven standing committees, all of which must have at least three members.^[2] As of 2022, the president receives an annual salary of $131,798, the vice president gets $84,729 and the rest of councillors receive $76,660.^[3][4][5] The current city council president, Nick Mosby, was sworn on December 10, 2020.

Baltimore City Council
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Council President	Nick J. Mosby, Democratic since December 10, 2020 (succeeded Brandon Scott)
Structure
Seats	15
Political groups	Democratic (15)
Committees	List Budget and Appropriations Education and Youth Executive Appointments Health Housing and Community Development Judiciary and Legislative Investigations Labor Land Use and Transportation Public Safety Recreation and Parks Taxation, Finance, and Economic Development Urban Affairs and Aging
Elections
Voting system	Electoral districts with four-year terms
Last election	November 3, 2020
Meeting place
Baltimore City Hall Council Chamber Baltimore, MD
Website
Official website

History

During its early history the council was composed exclusively of white, non-Jewish males.^[6] In 1826, the Maryland General Assembly passed the "Jew Bill", which allowed Jews to hold public office in the state. Two leaders in the fight for the law were Jacob I. Cohen Jr. (1789–1869) and Solomon Etting (1764–1847), who subsequently won election to the council and became the first Jewish officeholders in the state.^[7] In 1890, Harry Sythe Cummings was elected to the council, becoming the state's first black elected official. In the 40 years after 1890, six black Republicans won elections to the council.

In 2003, as a result of the ballot initiative Question P, the Baltimore City Council went from six three-member districts to 14 single-member districts. The council president continued to be elected at-large resulting in a legislative body consisting of a total of 15 members.

Since 1926, Baltimore City elections occurred the year following the gubernatorial cycle with elected officials taking office in the same year as the election. From the 1920s to the 1970s city elections were held in the spring, with primary elections in March and the general election in May, with the winners also taking office in May. In the 1970s the elections were changed to the fall, with the primary occurring in September and the general in November and the winners taking office in December. In 2012 the city's elections were moved to coincide with the presidential election cycle. This changed the 2015 election to 2016 and gave councilmembers elected in 2011 a five-year term.^[8]

Reflecting the near-total dominance of the Democratic Party in city politics, no Republican has been elected to the council since 1939.

City Council President

The council president is elected citywide. The council president presides over the council and serves as a voting member. In addition to their role on the council, the council president is also president of the Board of Estimates and serves as ex officio mayor pro tempore. In the event the mayor's office falls vacant, the council president automatically becomes mayor for the balance of the term. If the position of council president is vacant, the members of the council elect the new council president.

Clarence H. Burns (pictured in 1995) was the first African-American president.

Mary Pat Clarke (pictured in 2007) was the first female president.

Nick Mosby (pictured in 2023) is the incumbent president.

Term	Name	Party	Notes[9]
1923–1930	Howard Bryant†	Democratic	Had been the president of the 2nd Branch of the City Council, prior to the change to a unicameral council. Died in office in September 1930.
1930–1931*	James O'Meara	Democratic**	Was vice president of the council and served as acting president following Bryant's death in September 1930. O'Meara was a Democrat, however he was elected and supported by the Republican members of the council, who he primarily voted with.
1931–1935	E. Lester Muller	Democratic	Lost re-election in the primary coming in third behind Sellmayer and John Meyer.
1935–1939	George Sellmayer	Democratic	In the 1935 election, John Meyer initially was called the winner on election night with 24 votes, after a recount, Sellmayer won.[10][11] Lost re-election in the primary to O'Connell in 1939
1939–1943	Richard O'Connell	Democratic	Lost re-election in the primary to Conlon in 1943
1943	Thomas Conlon†	Democratic	Died in office. Served from May to October 1943
1943–1951	C. Markland Kelly♯	Democratic	First elected as Council President by the council in October 1943, following Conlon's death. Was re-elected in 1947. He chose to run for mayor as an independent in 1951 instead of re-election and lost in his bid for the mayoralty. Resigned as Council President 10 days early.
1951–1955	Arthur B. Price	Democratic	Elected by the voters in the 1951 election, and elected by the council to fill the last 10 days of Kelly's term. Ran for mayor in 1955 and lost the primary to Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.
1955–1959	Leon Abramson	Democratic	Running on a ticket with Mayor D'Alesandro, Abramson lost re-election in the primary to Goodman.
1959–1962	Philip Goodman♯	Democratic	In 1959 he ran on a joint ticket with J. Harold Grady for mayor and R. Walter Graham Jr. for comptroller, and all 3 won. Resigned as Council President in December 1962 to become mayor upon Grady's resignation of the mayoralty to become a judge
1962–1967	Thomas D'Alesandro III	Democratic	First elected Council President by the council in December 1962. Re-elected in 1963. Ran for mayor in 1967 and won.
1967–1971	William Donald Schaefer	Democratic	Ran for mayor in 1971 and won
1971–1982	Walter Orlinsky♯	Democratic	Resigned as Council President on October 18, 1982, due to conviction on bribery and corruption charges.
1982–1987	Clarence "Du" Burns♯	Democratic	Du Burns was the first African-American Council President. He was Council Vice President and first elected as Council President in October 1982 by the council following Orlinsky's resignation. Resigned as council president to become mayor in January 1987 following Mayor Schaefer's election as governor
1987	Frank X. Gallagher	Democratic	Served from January to December 1987. He was a 3rd District councilman and was elected Council President upon Burns' resignation to become mayor. He did not run for re-election in 1987, retiring from politics.
1987–1995	Mary Pat Clarke	Democratic	Mary Pat Clarke was the first female council president. She had previously served as a 2nd District councilwoman from 1975 to 1983 and had run for Council President in 1983, losing the primary to Burns. She ran for mayor in 1995 and lost the primary election to Mayor Kurt Schmoke
1995–1999	Lawrence Bell	Democratic	Ran for mayor in 1997 and lost the primary election to 3rd District Councilman Martin O'Malley
1999–2007	Sheila Dixon♯	Democratic	Resigned in January 2007 to become mayor following O'Malley's election as governor
2007–2010	Stephanie Rawlings-Blake♯	Democratic	She was the 6th District councilwoman and was first elected Council President by the council in January 2007 following Dixon's resignation. Resigned as council president to become mayor on February 4, 2010, due to Dixon's resignation as mayor following a corruption trial.
2010–2019	Bernard C. "Jack" Young♯	Democratic	He was the 12th district councilman and was first elected Council President by the council in February 2010 due to Rawlings-Blake's elevation to mayor. Resigned himself in May 2019 to become mayor.
2019	Sharon Green Middleton	Democratic	She served as Council President Ex-Officio from April 2, 2019, until May 6, 2019, while President Young served as Mayor Ex-Officio and between the time he succeeded to the mayoralty and the Council voted on Young's successor. She held this position as virtue of serving as Council Vice President and she was the 6th district councilwoman.
2019–2020	Brandon Scott	Democratic	He was the 2nd district councilman and was first elected Council President by the council on May 6, 2019, due to Young's resignation to become mayor
2020–present	Nick Mosby	Democratic	He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from the 40th district and elected Council President in the November 2020 general election

† Died in Office ♯ Resigned as Council President

Records

The records of the City Council, dates ranging from 1797 to 1987, reside at the Baltimore City Archives in Record Group BRG16.^[12] The collection includes administrative files, volumes of proceedings, joint council session reports, correspondence, ordinances and resolutions, committee bills, hearing schedules, and other records.

Members

Current members

District	Locale	Member	Party	Elected	Primary Committee
1	Southeast	Zeke Cohen	Democratic	2016	Education and Youth (chair)[13]
2	Northeast	Danielle McCray	Democratic	Appointed June 2019
3	Morgan State, Harford Road	Ryan Dorsey	Democratic	2016	Transportation (chair)
4		Mark Conway	Democratic	2020
5	Northwest	Isaac Schleifer	Democratic	2016	Housing & Urban Affairs (Vice Chair)
6	Park Heights, Roland Park	Sharon Green Middleton	Democratic	2007[14]	Council Vice President, Finance & Economic Development (chair)
7		James Torrence	Democratic	2020
8	Edmondson Village, Forest Park	Kristerfer Burnett	Democratic	2016	Executive Appointments (Vice Chair)
9	West	John Bullock	Democratic	2016	Housing & Urban Affairs (chair)
10	Cherry Hill	Phylicia Porter	Democratic	2020
11	Downtown	Eric Costello	Democratic	2014	Budget (chair), Judiciary & Legislative Investigations (chair)
12	Greenmount, Jonestown	Robert Stokes Sr.	Democratic	2016	Executive Appointments (chair)
13	East Baltimore	Antonio Glover	Democratic	2020
14	Charles Village	Odette Ramos	Democratic	2020
Council President	—	Nick Mosby	Democratic	2020	Council President

Former members

	1st			2nd			3rd				4th			5th				6th
1923-1927	Frank G. Dotterneich	John C. Heethwecker	Edward J. Novack	Ambrose J. Kennedy	Edward S. Stanley	August Kleka	Thomas J. Flaherty	G. Edward Markley	Harry J. McClellan		Beverly W. Smith	Daniel Ellison	William G. Towers		John T. Ford	George M. Griffin	Chester P. Woodward	Frank F. Busch	Samuel Y. Harris	James J. O'Meara
1927-1931		Frank J. Baner		James B. Blake	Philander B. Briscoe		John P. Brandan	Warren Burgess	Lawrence W. Houston		Walter S. Emerson		Warner T. McGuinn		William G. Albrecht	Thomas L.A. Musgrove	Howard M. Rollins
1931-1934		William I. Flynn	George W. Koning				Richard C. O'Connell	Joseph L. Ruth	Howard A. Sweeten		Meyer Reamer		Sidney R. Traub		Jerome Sloman	Charles J. Wells	Thomas J. Collins		Lawrence F. Awalt	William J. Murphy
1934-1938	William Bonnett	Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.	James L. Hennegan	J. Robinson Boland		James T. Klima		John T. Mullin, Sr.	James B. Beale								John T Wills		William J. Bailey
1939-1943		Samuel N. Friedel	Lawrence F. Appel	James B. Blake	John F. Conroy		James F. Arthur	George Hyde Fallon			Leon Abramson		Jacob J. Edelman						John J. Griffen	Robert Viehmyer
1943-1947			Simon P. Jarosinski	Medio Walt					John T Mullin, Sr.			Maxwell Alpert					Charles E. Falter	Ella A. Bailey	Edward A. Freburger	Louis W. Kotmair
1947-1951		John T. Booth			Ambrose J. Kennedy, Jr.	Anthony F. DiDomenico		Walter J. Dewees						H. Warren Buckler Jr.		William J. Muth	John H. Reed	John J. McMenamen		Charles H. Wenger
1951-1955		James J. Duffy	Joseph A. Bertorelli	C. Lyman Schueler			Anna F. Arthur			C. Meredith Boyce				Frank J. Flynn	Samuel N. Friedel	Phillip H. Goodman			Michael J. McHale	William M. Hudnet
1955-1959			Joseph J. Staszak		Chester J. Ray	James Joseph Welsh, Jr.		J. Joseph Curran	Richard D. Byrd	Henry R. Hergenroeder	Walter T. Dixon		Maurice J. Soypher	William Donald Schaefer	Michael J. Hankin	Jacob J. Edelman	Leon A. Ruben Stein	Thomas P. Fallon
1959-1963					Clement J. Prucha	Anthony F. DiDomenico	Peter G. Angelos	George W. Arthur	Frank X. Gallagher						Soloman Liss
1963-1967				Charles Panuska		Thomas H Ward	J. Joseph Curran			John A. Pica		Henry G. Parks, Jr.			Reuben Caplan			Dominic M. Leone	John J. Hines	William J. Myers
1967-1971			Dominic 'Mimi' DiPietro	Joseph V. Mach		Robert L. Douglass		Robert C. Embry Jr.			Victorine Q. Adams		Emerson R. Julian				Alexander Stark
1971-1975	John A. Schaefer	Barbara A. Mikulski		Clarence H. 'Du' Burns	Robert J. Fitzpatrick			Carroll J. Fitzgerald				Mary B. Adams				Allen B. Spector			Charles H. Wheatley
1975-1979					Mary Pat Carke	Nathan C. Irby, Jr.						Michael B. Mitchell					Thomas J.S. Waxter Jr.		Joseph P. Murphy
1979-1983		Donald G. Hammen					Martin E Curran								Norman Reeves	Thomas J.S. Waxter Jr.	Rochelle 'Rikki' Spector	George Della, Jr.
1983-1987				Anthony J. Ambridge	Jacqueline F. McLean	Nathaniel J. McFadden		Joseph Jodie T. Landers III			Kweisi Mfume		Agnes B. Welch		Iris G. Reeves			Joseph J. DiBlasi	Timothy D. Murphy
1987-1991		Nicholas C. D'Adamo, Jr.				Carl Stokes			Wilber E. Cunningham		Lawrence A. Bell	Sheila Dixon				Vera P. Hall
1991-1995	John L. Cain		Peter Sfikas		Paula Johnson Branch			Martin O'Malley												Melvin L. Stukes
1995-1999			Lois Garey			Robert L. Douglass	Robert W. 'Bobby' Curran		Joan Carter Conway		Keiffer J. Mitchell, Jr.				Helen L. Holton	Stephanie C. Rawlings-Blake		Norman A. Handy, Sr.	Edward L. Reisinger
1999-2004				Bea Gaddy		Bernard C. 'Jack' Young		Lisa Joi Stancil	Kenneth Harris, Sr.			Catherine E. Pugh

	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th
2004–2007	James (Jim) Kraft (D)	Nicholas (Nick) D'Adamo (D)	Robert (Bob) Curran (D)	Kenneth Harris (D)	Rochelle (Rikki) Spector (D)	Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (D)* Sharon Green Middleton (D)	Belinda Conaway (D)	Helen Holton (D)	Agnes Welch (D)	Edward (Ed) Reisinger (D)	Keiffer Mitchell (D)	Bernard C “Jack” Young (D)	Paula Johnson Branch (D)*** Vernon Crider (D)	Mary Pat Clarke (D)
2007–2011				Bill Henry (D)		Sharon Green Middleton (D)			Agnes Welch (D)^ William "Pete" Welch (D)		William "Bill" Cole IV (D)	Jack Young (D)^^ Carl Stokes (D)	Warren Branch (D)
2011–2016		Brandon Scott (D)^^^					Nick Mosby (D)		William "Pete" Welch (D)		William "Bill" Cole IV (D)** Eric Costello (D)	Carl Stokes (D)
2016–2020	Zeke Cohen (D)		Ryan Dorsey (D)		Isaac (Yitzy) Schleifer (D)		Leon Pinkett (D)	Kristerfer Burnett (D)	John Bullock (D)		Eric Costello (D)	Robert Stokes (D)	Shannon Sneed (D)

*Elected Council President by the council in January 2007. Sharon Green Middleton was elected by the council to fill Rawlings-Blake's seat.

^ Agnes Welch resigned her seat December 2010. The council elected her son William "Pete" Welch to fill her seat in January 2011. He was re-elected in 2011 and lost the primary in 2016.

** Bill Cole resigned his seat on August 30, 2014, to become the president of the Baltimore Development Corporation. Eric Costello was elected by the council in October 2014.

^^Bernard C. "Jack" Young was elected Council President by the council in February 2010. The Council elected former councilman Carl Stokes to the seat.

***Paula Johnson Branch resigned her seat on March 2, 2007. The council elected Vernon Crider to the seat on April 16, 2007, and he lost re-election in the primary later that year.

^^^Brandon Scott was elected Council President by the council on May 6, 2019.

Election results

2020

All 14 seats on the city council are being defended by the Democrats in the 2020 election.^[15]

Baltimore City Council elections, 2020[16]
Party		Candidates	Votes			Seats
			No.	%	∆pp	No.	∆No.	%
	Maryland Democratic Party	14	183,627	89.53	+4.09	14	0	100.00
	Maryland Republican Party	9[a]	14,007	6.83	-1.28	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Green Party	1	4,868	2.37	-0.45	0	0	0.00
	Write-in	N/A	2,609	1.27	-0.02	0	0	0.00
	Ujima People's Progress Party	0	0	0	-0.54	0	0	0.00
Total			205,111	100.00	±0	14	±0	100.00

Democrats are also defending the separately elected position of City Council President.

President of the Baltimore City Council Election, 2020

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Nick Mosby	178,689	79.5%
	Republican	Jovani Patterson	42,628	19.0%
	Other	Write-ins	3,361	1.5%
Total votes			224,678	100.00
	Democratic hold

2016

All 14 seats on the city council were retained by the Democrats in the 2016 election.^[17]

Baltimore City Council Elections, 2016
Party		Candidates	Votes			Seats
			No.	%	∆pp	No.	∆No.	%
	Maryland Democratic Party	14	174,070	85.44	+2.49	14	0	100.00
	Maryland Republican Party	8	16,529	8.11	+1.48	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Green Party	4	5,749	2.82	+0.58	0	0	0.00
	Unaffiliated	3	3,650	1.79	+1.79	0	0	0.00
	Write-in	N/A	2,633	1.29	−5.98	0	0	0.00
	Ujima People's Progress Party	1	1,107	0.54	+0.54	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Libertarian Party	0	0	0	-0.89	0	0	0.00
Total			203,738	100.00	±0	14	±0	100.00

In addition to retaining absolute control of the City Council, the Democrats held the separately elected position of City Council President.^[17]

President of the Baltimore City Council Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bernard C. "Jack" Young	173,065	76.0
	Republican	Shannon Wright	27,408	12.0
	Green	Connor Meek	11,119	4.9
	Independent	Sharon Black	8,368	3.7
	Libertarian	Susan Gaztanaga	6,380	2.8
	Other	Write-ins	1,300	0.6
Total votes			227,640	100.00
	Democratic hold

2011

All 14 seats on the city council were being defended by the Democrats in the 2011 election.^[18]

Baltimore City Council Elections, 2011[19]
Party		Candidates	Votes			Seats
			No.	%	∆pp	No.	∆No.	%
	Maryland Democratic Party	14	38.779	82.95	N/A	14	0	100.00
	Write-in	N/A	3,397	7.27	N/A	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Republican Party	8	3,103	6.63	N/A	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Green Party	2	1,051	2.24	N/A	0	0	0.00
	Maryland Libertarian Party	3	417	0.89	N/A	0	0	0.00
Total			46,747	100.00	±0	14	±0	100.00

Democrats also defended the separately elected position of City Council President.

President of the Baltimore City Council Election, 2011

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bernard C. "Jack" Young	38,708	82.7%
	Republican	David A. Wiggins	4,967	10.6%
	Libertarian	Lorenzo Gaztanaga	2,480	5.3%
	Other	Write-ins	670	1.4%
Total votes			46,825	100.00
	Democratic hold

Notes

1. Donna Rzepka was an official write-in for District 1

References

1. "Rules of the City Council of Baltimore" (PDF). Baltimore City Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
2. "Baltimore City Charter" (PDF). Baltimore City. 2008. pp. 77–78. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
3. Platcher, David (April 2, 2018). "What's causing Baltimore's population loss? It's no mystery". The Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
4. "Salary increase puts Mayor Scott's annual pay at nearly $200,000". Archived from the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
5. Reutter, Mark. "Salary increase puts Mayor Scott's annual pay at nearly $200,000". The Baltimore Brew. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
6. "History of the Baltimore City Council". Baltimore City Council. Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
7. Wiernik, Peter (1912). History of the Jews in America: From the Period of the Discovery of the New World to the Present Time. New York: Jewish Press Publishing Company. pp. 127.
8. "Move to add year to Baltimore mayor, council terms faces fight". Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
9. "Baltimore City Council Presidents, 1923-present". Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
10. "BOTH CLAIM COUNCIL HEAD NOMINATION: Meyer And Sellmayer Not Expected To Settle Issue Until Tomorrow LATTER'S MARGIN NOW PUT AT TEN Recount Or All Ballots Cast In City Tuesday May Be Resorted To". The Sun. Baltimore. April 4, 1935. p. 26. ProQuest 538853418.
11. O'Donell, Louis J (April 5, 1935). "MEYER WINNER BY 24 VOTES I OFFICIAL COUNT: Sellmayer Counsel Says Recount More Will Be Made Today LOSER TAKES LEAD AT TIMES IN TALLY Final Result Differs By Only One Vote From Wednesday Report". The Sun. Baltimore. p. 26. ProQuest 538875315.
12. "Guide to Government Records BRG16". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
13. "Committees | Baltimore City Council". Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
14. Middleton was appointed in 2007 and subsequently was elected to the position.
15. "Maryland Voter Guide 2022 - Baltimore Sun". May 5, 2023. Archived from the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
16. "2020 Election Results". Archived from the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
17. "2016 Election Results". Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
18. "Baltimore City general election candidates - Baltimore Sun". November 6, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
19. "Statement of Votes Cast Baltimore City General 2011" (PDF). November 22, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2024.