2008 Paraguayan general election

General elections were held in Paraguay on 20 April 2008.^[1] Elections were held for the presidency, 45 senators, 80 representatives, 17 governors and Paraguay's members in the Mercosur Parliament.^[2]

2008 Paraguayan general election

← 2003 20 April 2008 2013 →
Presidential election
Turnout	65.48% ( 1.28pp)
Candidate Fernando Lugo Blanca Ovelar Lino Oviedo Party PDC Colorado UNACE Alliance APC Popular vote 764,968 540,513 386,597 Percentage 42.40% 31.75% 22.74%
Results by department
President before election Nicanor Duarte Frutos Colorado Elected President Fernando Lugo Patriotic Alliance for Change
Chamber of Deputies
All 80 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 41 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/– Colorado Jose Alberto Alderete 32.96 30 −7 PLRA Blas Llano [es] 28.27 27 +6 UNACE Enrique Gonzales Quintana 18.70 15 +5 PPQ Pedro Fadul [es] 5.77 7 −3 PPT 3.65 1 New PDP 1.70 1 New APC 1.32 2 New BDA 0.37 1 New This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Senate
All 45 seats in the Senate 23 seats needed for a majority
Party Vote % Seats +/– Colorado 29.07 15 −1 PLRA 28.92 14 +2 UNACE 19.20 9 +2 PPQ 8.66 4 −3 PPS 3.47 1 +1 PPT 2.98 1 New PDP 2.19 1 New This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

The presidential election was won by opposition candidate Fernando Lugo of the Patriotic Alliance for Change, who defeated Blanca Ovelar of the long-ruling Colorado Party.^[3] The Colorado Party remained the largest in both houses of Congress despite losing several seats.

The election ended a 61-year hold on the presidency by the Colorados. The Colorados had held the presidency without interruption since 1947 (from 1947 to 1962 as the de jure sole legal party, and from 1962 to 1989 as the de facto sole legal party). Additionally, when Lugo took office on 15 August, it marked the first time since Paraguay gained independence in 1813 that an incumbent government peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition.

Presidential candidates and campaigning

The following candidates ran for president:

• Fernando Lugo, Patriotic Alliance for Change (APC)
• Lino Oviedo, National Union of Ethical Citizens (UNACE)
• Blanca Ovelar, Colorado Party (ANR-PC)
• Pedro Fadul [es], Beloved Fatherland Party (PPQ)

The incumbent president, Nicanor Duarte Frutos, was barred by the Constitution from running for reelection and instead supported his education secretary, Blanca Ovelar. Initial results in the Colorado Party's December 2007 primary showed Ovelar defeating former Vice President Luis Castiglioni,^[4] but the result was disputed, leading to a recount.^[5] On 21 January 2008, the Colorado Party electoral commission announced that Ovelar had won with 45.04% of the vote against 44.5% for Castiglioni, although Castiglioni continued to claim victory, alleging that 30,000 votes in his favor were "stolen", and said that he would take the matter to court. Ovelar said that her campaign would shift its focus from the "cruel primary campaign" to the general election and that her platform prioritized "fight against poverty and to the creation of jobs".^[6]

Lugo is a former bishop who resigned from the priesthood in December 2006 in preparation for his presidential bid. As a priest, he required a permit from the Vatican to become directly involved in politics prior to 2006.^[7] However, the Paraguayan constitution prohibits ministers of any faith from standing as a political candidate. Despite his resignation, the Vatican regards priesthood as a lifelong commitment but has suspended him from his duties.^[8]

As bishop of San Pedro, a poor region, for ten years beginning in 1994, his support for landless peasants earned him a reputation as "the bishop of the poor".^[8] He is an advocate of land reform and other measures to address poverty, but has distanced himself from leftists such as Hugo Chávez and Evo Morales, saying that he is not left-wing or right-wing but "in the middle". He vowed to end the Colorado Party's 61 year rule, fight corruption, and make Paraguay "a new country".^[9] According to Lugo, he believes "in the people's self-determination and in recovering sovereignty and independence". Lugo is backed by the Patriotic Alliance for Change (APC), which includes both left and right wing groups, notably the conservative Authentic Radical Liberal Party. President Duarte caused controversy just before the election by telling the Ultima Hora newspaper that Lugo "probably sells himself" for money from Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador.^[10]

Ovelar, the Colorado candidate, said that she knew "what the people need and what has to be done". She said that she would focus on job creation and the strengthening of agricultural cooperatives, hoping to reduce the number of Paraguayans who emigrate for economic reasons.^[9] According to Ovelar, Paraguay has "new needs that were not obvious before ... and they require the touch of a woman". If elected, Ovelar would have been Paraguay's first female president.^[10]

Lino Oviedo's conviction for 1996 mutiny was overturned by the Supreme Court in October 2007, leaving him free to run for president.^[11][12] In January 2008 he was nominated as the candidate of his party, the National Union of Ethical Citizens, without opposition.^[5]

Ovelar held her last campaign rally in Asuncion on 16 April. Along with Oviedo and Fadul, she participated in a last televised debate in the early afternoon of 17 April; Lugo did not participate, and Ovelar criticized him for this. Lugo held his last rally in Asuncion later that night, with about 15,000 supporters present.^[9]

Opinion polls

A poll from September 2007 saw a three-way race develop between Lugo, Oviedo and the ANR-PC candidate.^[13]

A poll from November 2007 saw Lugo lead with over 40%, with Oviedo in second place and Castiglioni or Ovelar (it was still undetermined which of the pair would run) in third place.^[14]

A poll from March 2008 saw two way developing with Lugo in the lead with 31%, Ovelar in second place with 27% and Oviedo in third place with 24%.^[15] A poll from 5 April 2008 saw Lugo and Ovelar in a statistical dead heat with Lugo in the lead with 30.9%, Ovelar in second with 30.1%, and Oviedo in third with 21.4%. More than 10% remained undecided.^[16]

Results

Shortly after the election, with results from 13,000 of 14,000 polling stations counted, Lugo had 41% of the vote against 31% for Ovelar and 22% for Oviedo. Lugo's supporters celebrated in the streets of Asuncion, and he declared that "today we've written a new chapter in our nation's political history". Ovelar conceded defeat, acknowledging that Lugo's lead was unassailable.^[3] A couple of hours later, President Nicanor Duarte Frutos appeared at a press conference somberly but remarked that for the first time in the history of Paraguay a handover to the opposition will take place peacefully and in an orderly fashion.^[17]

In the gubernatorial election, the ANR won nine departments, the PLRA seven and the APC one.^[18]

In August, shortly before taking office, Lugo struck a deal with Oviedo, enabling him to govern with a parliamentary majority. Together, the Authentic Liberal Radical Party and National Union for Ethical Citizens will hold 25 out of 45 Senate seats and 44 out of 80 House of Representatives seats.^[19]

Lugo was sworn in as president on 15 August 2008.^[20]

President

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Fernando Lugo	Patriotic Alliance for Change	766,502	42.40
	Blanca Ovelar	Colorado Party	573,995	31.75
	Lino Oviedo	National Union of Ethical Citizens	411,034	22.74
	Pedro Fadul [es]	Beloved Fatherland Party	44,060	2.44
	Sergio Martínez Estigarribia	Paraguayan Humanist Party	6,744	0.37
	Horacio Enrique Eduardo Galeano Perrone	Tetã Pyahu Movement	3,080	0.17
	Julio César López Benítez	Workers' Party	2,409	0.13
Total			1,807,824	100.00
Valid votes			1,807,824	96.46
Invalid/blank votes			66,303	3.54
Total votes			1,874,127	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			2,861,940	65.48
Source: Justicia Electoral

Chamber of Deputies

Results by department

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Colorado Party	582,932	32.96	30	−7
	Authentic Radical Liberal Party	500,040	28.27	27	+6
	National Union of Ethical Citizens	330,754	18.70	15	+5
	Beloved Fatherland Party	102,139	5.77	3	−7
	Tekojoja People's Movement	64,566	3.65	1	New
	Progressive Democratic Party	29,980	1.70	1	New
	Movement for Socialism	29,223	1.65	0	New
	Patriotic Alliance for Change	23,363	1.32	2	–
	National Encounter Party	14,227	0.80	0	0
	Hope for Social Renewal	9,251	0.52	0	New
	Tricolour Democratic Alliance	8,280	0.47	0	New
	People's Unity Party	8,119	0.46	0	New
	Party for a Country of Solidarity	7,887	0.45	0	−2
	Paraguayan Humanist Party	7,455	0.42	0	0
	Tetã Pyahu Movement	7,511	0.42	0	New
	Caazapeña Patriotic Alliance	7,451	0.42	0	New
	Boquerón Departmental Alliance	6,629	0.37	1	New
	National Revolutionary Alliance	4,568	0.26	0	New
	National Citizens' Resistance Movement	4,562	0.26	0	New
	Oñondivepa Political Movement	4,206	0.24	0	New
	Broad Front Party	3,918	0.22	0	0
	Northern Patriotic Alliance	3,538	0.20	0	New
	Workers' Party	2,128	0.12	0	New
	MONAPEJUAM	1,547	0.09	0	New
	Departmental Consensus for Change	1,296	0.07	0	New
	National Christian Union	1,077	0.06	0	New
	AC–PFA–BSP	946	0.05	0	New
	Revolutionary Febrerista Party	520	0.03	0	0
	Guaireña Alliance for Change	516	0.03	0	New
	Republican Force Movement	93	0.01	0	New
Total		1,768,722	100.00	80	0
Valid votes		1,768,722	94.45
Invalid/blank votes		103,941	5.55
Total votes		1,872,663	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		2,861,940	65.43
Source: TSJE

Senate

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Colorado Party	509,907	29.07	15	−1
	Authentic Radical Liberal Party	507,413	28.92	14	+2
	National Union of Ethical Citizens	336,763	19.20	9	+2
	Beloved Fatherland Party	151,991	8.66	4	−3
	Party for a Country of Solidarity	60,947	3.47	1	+1
	Tekojoja People's Movement	52,247	2.98	1	New
	Progressive Democratic Party	38,402	2.19	1	New
	National Encounter Party	20,843	1.19	0	−1
	Movement for Socialism	10,564	0.60	0	New
	National Citizens' Resistance Movement	9,864	0.56	0	New
	Tetã Pyahu Movement	8,030	0.46	0	New
	People's Unity Party	7,510	0.43	0	New
	Tricolour Democratic Alliance	7,260	0.41	0	New
	Hope for Social Renewal	5,066	0.29	0	New
	Paraguayan Humanist Party	4,893	0.28	0	0
	Pensioners to Power	4,789	0.27	0	New
	Broad Front Party	4,322	0.25	0	0
	MONAPEJUAM	3,657	0.21	0	New
	Oñondivepa Political Movement	3,116	0.18	0	New
	National Revolutionary Alliance	2,853	0.16	0	New
	National Christian Union	1,915	0.11	0	New
	Workers' Party	1,951	0.11	0	New
Total		1,754,303	100.00	45	0
Valid votes		1,754,303	93.68
Invalid/blank votes		118,257	6.32
Total votes		1,872,560	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		2,861,940	65.43
Source: TSJE

References

1. "Paraguay.- Convocan en Paraguay elecciones generales para el mes de abril de 2008" Archived 2 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Lukor.com, 25 May 2007 (in Spanish).
2. "OAS mission highlights Paraguayan voters great participation – People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
3. "Opposition wins Paraguay polls", Al Jazeera, 21 April 2008.
4. "Woman leads Paraguay ruling party's presidential primary", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 17 December 2007.
5. "Once-jailed Paraguayan army chief nominated for opposition run for president" Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (The China Post), 14 January 2008.
6. "Paraguay nominates first woman for president, ruling party schism threatens bid", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 22 January 2008.
7. "Polls & Research: Lugo-Oviedo is Preferred Ticket in Paraguay". Angus Reid Global Monitor. 17 December 2006. Archived from the original on 23 August 2010.
8. James Painter (17 April 2008). "Paraguay election: Key candidates". BBC News. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
9. Bill Cormier, "Paraguay ex-bishop holds final rally", Associated Press, 18 April 2008. ^{[dead link]}
10. "Paraguayans head to the polls", Al Jazeera, 20 April 2008.
11. Faries, Bill (11 February 2015). "Paraguay's Oviedo Cleared to Run for Presidency, Nacion Says". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
12. "Lino Oviedo: Politician who helped lead the 1989 coup in Paraguay". The Independent. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
13. "Oviedo Becomes New Favourite in Paraguay" Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Angus Reid, 20 September 2007.
14. "Lugo Leads All in Paraguay’s Presidential Race" Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Angus Reid, 22 November 2007.
15. "Lugo Ahead of Ovelar and Oviedo in Paraguay: Angus Reid Global Monitor". Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008., Angus Reid, 26 March 2008.
16. "Lugo Barely Ahead as Paraguay Vote Looms: Angus Reid Global Monitor". Archived from the original on 9 April 2008.
17. "Nicanor reconoce la derrota del Partido Colorado". ultimahora.com.
18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 August 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
19. Pedro Servin, "Paraguay prez-elect makes deals for majority", Associated Press, 13 August 2008. ^{[dead link]}
20. "Latin America's leftwing swells with new Paraguay president" Archived 2 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, AFP, 15 August 2008.