Pan-Grave Culture

The Pan-Grave Culture is a Middle Nubian Archaeological culture from Ancient Egypt, Nubia, and possibly the Eastern Desert from c. 1850 BCE – 1600 BCE. They were once confused with the Medjay of the Egyptian textual tradition. Some may have worked as mercenaries during the Egyptian wars of the Second Intermediate Period, while others blended as a Nubian identity into Egyptian society along the Nile Valley.^[1][2] They were once connected with the Eastern Desert, but no evidence for them has been found in the Eastern Desert.^[1]

References

1. Liszka, Kate. "Are the Bearers of the Pan-Grave Archaeological Culture Identical to the Medjay-People in the Eyptian Textual Record?". Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections.
2. de Souza, Aaron. "Not Marginal, but Marginalised. The 'Pan-Grave' Archaeological Culture, Pharaonic Egypt, and Egyptology". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History.