354P/LINEAR
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354P/LINEAR, provisionally designated P/2010 A2 (LINEAR), is a small main-belt asteroid that was impacted by another asteroid sometime before 2010. It was discovered by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) at Socorro, New Mexico on 6 January 2010. The asteroid possesses a dusty, X-shaped, comet-like debris trail that has remained nearly a decade since impact.[5] This was the first time a small-body collision had been observed; since then, minor planet 596 Scheila has also been seen to undergo a collision, in late 2010. The tail is created by millimeter-sized particles being pushed back by solar radiation pressure.[7][8]
Hubble Space Telescope image of 354P/LINEAR with dusty impact debris on 2 February 2010 | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | LINEAR (704) |
| Discovery date | 6 January 2010 |
| Designations | |
| Orbital characteristics[3] | |
| Epoch 13 October 2010 (JD 2455482.5) | |
| Aphelion | 2.58 AU (Q) |
| Perihelion | 2.01 AU (q) |
| 2.29 AU (a) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1246 |
| 3.47 yr | |
| 88.9° (M) | |
| Inclination | 5.25° |
| 320° | |
| 2023-Oct-13[4] | |
| 133° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 172.4 × 88.8 m[5] |
| 123.8+33.6 −18.4 m[5] | |
| 11.36±0.02 h | |
| Albedo | unknown |
| ~18-20[1] | |
| 21.3±0.6[6] | |
Discovery
P/2010 A2 was discovered on 6 January 2010 by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) using a 1-meter (36") reflecting telescope with a CCD camera.[1] It was LINEAR's 193rd comet discovery.[9][10] It has been observed over a 112-day arc of the 3.5 year orbit.[3] It appears to have come to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) around the start of December 2009,[3] about a month before it was discovered.
Orbit
With an aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) of only 2.6 AU,[3] P/2010 A2 spends all of its time inside of the frost line at 2.7 AU.[11] Beyond the frostline volatile ices are generally more common. Early observations did not detect water vapor or other gases.[12] Within less than a month of its discovery it was doubtful that the tail of P/2010 A2 was generated via active outgassing from sublimation of ices hidden beneath the crust.[13] Early modeling indicated that the asteroid became active in late March 2009, reached maximum activity in early June 2009, and eased activity in early December 2009.[14]'
The orbit of P/2010 A2 is consistent with membership in the Flora asteroid family, produced by collisional shattering more than 100 million years ago.[12] The Flora family of asteroids may be the source of the Chicxulub (Cretaceous–Paleogene) impactor, the likely culprit in the extinction of the dinosaurs.[12] One asteroid of the Flora family, 2010 AA15, was initially suspected to have collided with P/2010 A2 due to their very similar orbits, but was later deemed a coincidence.[15][16]
Cause of activity
Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope[17] and the narrow angle camera on board the Rosetta spacecraft[18] indicate that the dust trail seen was probably created by the impact of a small meter size object on the larger asteroid in February or March 2009, although it cannot be ruled out that the asteroid's rotation increased from solar radiation resulting in a loss of mass that formed a comet-like tail.[19]
P/2010 A2 is likely about 150 meters (460 feet) in diameter.[12] Even when it was discovered it was suspected of being less than 500 meters in diameter.[20]
Debris field  P/2010 A2 is likely the debris left over from a recent collision between two very small asteroids. |
Surviving fragment Surviving fragment seen to the lower left of debris field |
See also
References
External links
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