Tournai Cathedral
Catholic cathedral in Belgium From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cathedral of Our Lady (French: Notre-Dame de Tournai; Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Doornik), or Tournai Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral, see of the Diocese of Tournai in Tournai, Belgium. It has been classified both as a Wallonia major heritage site since 1936[5] and as a World Heritage Site since 2000.
| Our Lady of Tournai Notre-Dame de Tournai Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Doornik | |
|---|---|
 View of the five Romanesque towers of the Cathedral of Tournai (12th century) | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| District | Diocese of Tournai |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Cathedral |
| Leadership | Bishop Guy Harpigny |
| Location | |
| Location | Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium |
| Geographic coordinates | 50°36′23.58″N 3°23′19.89″E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Building: unknown [1] Sacristy: G. Hersecap[1] Holy Spirit chapel: Simon Vollant[1] |
| Type | Church |
| Style | Romanesque, Gothic, French Baroque |
| Groundbreaking | Nave: 1140 and 1171[2] Transepts: 1199–1213[1] Transept vaults: 1243–1255[1] Gothic choir:1243–1255[1] Sacristy: 1676[1] Holy Spirit chapel: 1680[1][3] |
| Completed | 1700[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Direction of façade | NW |
| Length | 134 metres (440 ft) |
| Width | 60 metres (200 ft) |
| Width (nave) | 20 metres (66 ft) |
| Height (max) | 83 metres (272 ft) |
| Spire(s) | 5 (7 planned) |
| Spire height | 83 metres (272 ft) |
| Official name: Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai | |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Designated | 2000[4] |
| Reference no. | 1009 |
| State Party |  Belgium |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Session | 24th |
| Website | |
| www | |
History
Early history
There was a diocese centered at Tournai from the late 6th century and this structure of local blue-gray stone occupies rising ground near the south bank of the Scheldt, which divides the city of Tournai into two roughly equal parts. Begun in the 12th century on even older foundations, the building combines the work of three design periods with striking effect, the heavy and severe character of the Romanesque nave contrasting remarkably with the transitional work of the transept and the fully developed Gothic of the choir. The transept is the most distinctive part of the building, with its cluster of five bell towers and apsidal (semicircular) ends.
The nave belongs mostly to the first third of the 12th century. Prefiguring the Early Gothic style, it has a second-tier gallery between the ground-floor arcade and the triforium. Pilasters between the round-arched windows in the clerestory help support the 18th-century vaulting that replaced the original ceiling, which was of wood, and flat.
The transept arms, built in about the mid-12th century, have apsidal ends, a feature borrowed in all probability from certain Rhenish churches, and which would appear to have made its influence felt in the north-east of France, as at Noyon and Soissons. The square towers that flank the transept arms reach a height of 83 metres (272 ft). They vary in detail, some of the arcade work with which they are enriched being in the round-arched and some in the pointed style.
Bishop Gautier de Marvis had the earlier Romanesque choir demolished in the 13th century, in order to replace it with a Gothic choir of much grander dimensions, inspired by the likes of Amiens Cathedral. The construction of the new choir began in 1242, and ended in 1255. The rest of the cathedral was supposed to be rebuilt in the same style as the choir, but this was never attempted, the only later additions being the western porch, and a large Gothic chapel which was built alongside one of the side aisles, whose original walls and windows disappeared in the process.
The rood screen is a Renaissance masterpiece by Flemish sculptor Cornelis Floris and dates from 1573.
The glass-stained windows were made by Arnold of Nijmegen and date from 1507.[6]
Damage and restoration
The cathedral was damaged by a severe tornado on the 24 August 1999. Assessment of the damage revealed underlying structural problems and the cathedral has been undergoing extensive repairs and archaeological investigation ever since. The Brunin Tower was stabilised in 2003.
In recognition of Tournai cathedral's cultural value, UNESCO designated the building a World Heritage Site in 2000.
Specifications
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Bells
Tournai Cathedral has five bells: Marc, Marie-Nicolas, Marie-Étienne, Marie-Gasparine (also known as Marie-Pontoise by Tournaisians) and Catherine. Marie-Gasparine and Marie-Étienne are considered bourdon bells due to their deep notes. Marie-Gasparine is the largest of the five bells, it was cast in 1843 and weighs 9 tons.
Burials
Gallery
Aerial view
Nave, facing toward choir
Reconstruction showing the original Romanesque choir (front) and two never-built towers (back)
Floor plan
The issue of souls in purgatory (Rubens, c. 1635)
Stained-glass windows
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See also
References
External links
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