Nuphar pumila, the least water-lily,[4] is a perennial,[5] rhizomatous, aquatic[2] herb[6] in the family Nymphaeaceae native to subarctic and temperate Eurasia.[2]
| Nuphar pumila | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Nuphar |
| Section: | Nuphar sect. Nuphar |
| Species: | N. pumila |
| Binomial name | |
| Nuphar pumila | |
| Subspecies[2] | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Synonyms of Nuphar pumila subsp. pumila:[2]
Synonyms of Nuphar pumila subsp. sinensis:[3]
| |
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nuphar pumila is a perennial,[7][5] rhizomatous, aquatic[2] herb[6] with 20–70 cm long,[7] and 1–3 cm wide rhizomes.[8] The ovate[7] leaves are 5–10(–13) cm long,[9] and 6–12 cm wide. The pubescent petiole is 20–50 cm long.[8] The submerged leaves are round and wrinkled.[6]
Generative characteristics
The yellow,[8] actinomorphic,[6] faintly fragrant,[10] 1–4.5(–6) cm wide flowers have pubescent, 40–50 cm long peduncles[8] The five[11] ovate to spathulate sepals are 16–29 mm long, and 9–16 mm wide.[12] The abaxial surface of the sepals is often green.[9] The flower has 9–13 petals.[12] The androecium consists of 35–65 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 7–12 carpels.[13] The star-shaped stigmatic disk with 7–12 stigmatic rays is 6–8.5 mm wide.[10] The green,[12] 1–2 cm wide fruit[8] bears greenish brown,[12] ovoid to oblong, 3–5 mm long seeds.[8]
Cytology
The chromosome count is 2n = 34.[8] The chloroplast genome is 160737 bp long.[14]
Taxonomy
It was first published as the variety Nymphaea lutea var. pumila Timm by Joachim Christian Timm in 1795.[2] Later, it was elevated to the status of the separate species Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. published by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1821.[11][2]
Etymology
Distribution
Nuphar pumila is native to China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia,[8] Switzerland,[9] the United Kingdom,[5] Austria, Germany, France, Spain,[17] Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Poland.[2]
In Europe, the typical subspecies Nuphar pumila subsp. pumila is present.[17]
Conservation
The IUCN conservation status is least concern (LC).[1] However, it is threatened by hybridisation with Nuphar lutea,[17][18][19][9] climate change,[19] pollution, and habitat destruction.[9] It is classified as endangered in Switzerland,[18] vulnerable in France,[20] and endangered in Poland.[7]
Ecology
Habitat
It occurs in lakes, ponds[8] and slowly flowing rivers[6] in nutrient-poor waters at depths of 0.5–3 m.[9]
Herbivory
The leaf mine species Hydromyza livens feeds on Nuphar pumila leaves.[21]
Common names
Nuphar pumila is also known as least water lily[22] or least yellow water-lily.[6]
Uses
It is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[22]
References
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