Nullifier Party

The Nullifier Party was an American political party based in South Carolina in the 1830s. Considered an early American third party, it was started by John C. Calhoun in 1828.^[1]

Nullifier Party
Leader	John C. Calhoun
Founded	1828; 196 years ago (1828)
Dissolved	1839; 185 years ago (1839)
Split from	Democratic Party
Merged into	Democratic Party (majority) Whig Party (minority)
Headquarters	Charleston, South Carolina
Ideology	Economic liberalism Free trade Nullification States' rights Pro-slavery
National affiliation	Democratic Party (1828)
Politics of United States Political parties Elections

The Nullifier Party was a states' rights, pro-slavery party that supported strict constructionism with regards to the U.S. government's enumerated powers, holding that states could nullify federal laws within their borders. It narrowly missed claiming the unofficial title of being the first ever third party to be created within the United States—that title belongs to the Anti-Masonic Party, which was created in New York in February 1828. The Nullifier Party had several members in both houses of the Congress between 1831 and 1839. Calhoun outlined the principles of the party in his South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828), a reaction to the "Tariff of Abominations" passed by Congress and signed into law by President John Quincy Adams. (A similar position had been staked out by the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions thirty years prior, though those Resolutions had stopped short of actually advocating nullification.) ^{[citation needed]}

The Nullifier Party operated almost exclusively in South Carolina. It stood in strong opposition to President Andrew Jackson. John Floyd was supported by the Nullifier Party in the 1832 presidential election, and he received South Carolina's 11 votes in the electoral college.^[2] Floyd was not a candidate and had himself unsuccessfully tried to convince Calhoun to run for President. The party's candidate for Vice President was the Massachusetts-based political economist Henry Lee.^{[citation needed]} Some Nullifiers joined the newly formed Whig Party after the 1832 election, attracted by its opposition to Jackson and its depiction of Jackson as a monarch.^[2] After President Andrew Jackson left office, Calhoun and most of his followers rejoined the Democratic Party.^{[citation needed]}

Notable members

• John C. Calhoun
• Robert Y. Hayne
• John Floyd
• Stephen D. Miller
• James H. Hammond
• William C. Preston
• Henry L. Pinckney
• Robert B. Campbell
• William K. Clowney
• Warren R. Davis
• John Myers Felder
• John K. Griffin
• Francis Wilkinson Pickens
• George McDuffie
• Franklin H. Elmore

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Candidate	Running mate	Votes	Vote %	Electoral votes	+/-	Outcome of election
1832	John Floyd	Henry Lee	—[a]	—	11 / 286	New	Lost
1836	Not presented[b]

• ^ a: All of John Floyd's electoral votes came from South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislatures rather than by popular vote.
  
• ^ b: Endorsed Hugh Lawson White as President and John Tyler as Vice President.
  

Congressional elections

United States House of Representatives Election year No. of overall seats won +/– House Speaker 1830 4 / 213 New Andrew Stevenson 1832 9 / 240 5 1834 8 / 242 1 James K. Polk 1836 6 / 242 2

United States Senate Election year No. of overall seats won +/– Senate President 1830/1831 1 / 48 New John C. Calhoun 1832/1833 2 / 48 0[c] Vacant[d] 1834/1835 2 / 48 0 Martin Van Buren 1836/1837 2 / 52 0

• ^ c: South Carolina class 2 seat: Jacksonian changed party to Nullifier before the beginning of the first session.
  
• ^ d: Office left vacant when Calhoun resigned to become Senator on December 28, 1832.
  

See also

• Nullification Crisis

References

1. Lawson, Russell M.; Lawson, Benjamin A. (2019). Race and Ethnicity in America: From Pre-contact to the Present [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4408-5097-4.
2. Hammond, Scott John; Roberts, Robert North; Sulfaro, Valerie A. (April 25, 2016). Campaigning for President in America, 1788–2016. ABC-CLIO. pp. 430–431. ISBN 978-1-4408-5079-0.