Kohala (Hawaiian pronunciation: [koˈhɐlə]) is the name of the northwest peninsula of the island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In ancient Hawaii it was often ruled by an independent High Chief called the Aliʻi Nui. In modern times it is divided into two districts of Hawaii County: North Kohala and South Kohala. Locals commonly use the name Kohala to refer to the census-designated places of Halaʻula, Hāwī, and Kapaʻau collectively. The dry western shore is commonly known as the Kohala Coast, which has golf courses and seaside resorts.[2]
Description
The area was named after the dominating geological feature Kohala Mountain,[3] the oldest of Hawaiʻi Island's five major volcanic mountains. The current districts cover the north and western sides of the mountain, 20°7′55″N 155°47′38″W. It was one of the five ancient divisions of the island called moku.[4]
The natural habitats in Kohala range across a wide rainfall gradient in a very short distance - from less than 5 inches (130 mm) a year on the coast near Kawaihae to more than 150 inches (3,800 mm) year near the summit of Kohala Mountain, a distance of just 11 miles (18 km). Near the coast are remnants of dry forests, and near the summit is a cloud forest, a type of rainforest that obtains some of its moisture from "cloud drip" in addition to precipitation.
This precipitation allowed the northeast coast to be developed into sugarcane plantations, including one founded by Rev. Elias Bond used to fund his church and girls' seminary.[5]
History
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Kohala Historical Sites State Monument
The Kohala Historical Sites State Monument includes Moʻokini Heiau, a National Historic Landmark. King Kamehameha I, the first King of the unified Hawaiʻian Islands, was born in North Kohala west of Hāwī, at the ancient site called the Moʻokini Heiau. The heiau is a living spiritual temple, and not just an historic artifact of the Hawaiian culture.
The original Kamehameha Statue stands in front of the community center in Kapaʻau, and duplicates are found at Aliʻiolani Hale in Honolulu, and within the U.S. Capitol building's statue gallery in Washington, D.C.
Bond Historic District
The Bond Historic District is located in the North Kohala District, with structures from the Bond family's 19th century missionary and homesteading period on the Kohala peninsula. The Bond District has three sections:
- Bond Homestead — the Bond House was built in the 1840s by the missionaries and later Kohala landowners Ellen and Reverend Elias Bond, and expanded by descendants through c. 1900.
- Kalahikiola Church
- Kohala Seminary
Attractions
Points of interest within Kohala include Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area, Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, and Lapakahi State Historical Park.[6][7]
Transportation
Major thoroughfares within Kohala include Akoni Pule Highway (Hawaii state route 270) which provides access to Pololū Valley.[8] The Hawaii Belt Road which connects in the southern end of the Akoni Pule Highway to Kona in the south and Hāmākua to the east. The Kohala Mountain Road (250) provides a link between Waimea and the Kohala CDP's of Halaʻula, Hāwī, and Kapaʻau.
Kohala has two small airports. Upolu Airport is on Upolu Point at the northern tip of the island.[9] Waimea-Kohala Airport is south of the town of Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii.[10] Waimea Airport is served commercially by Mokulele Airlines.[11]
Populations of Kohala
North Kohala
Census-designated places of North Kohala
South Kohala
Census-designated places of South Kohala
Unincorporated towns of South Kohala
Notable residents
- Auliʻi Cravalho, actress and singer
See also
References
External links
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