The Niš rebellion (Serbian: Нишка буна; Bulgarian: Нишко въстание) was a short-lived Christian uprising (5–26 April 1841) that broke out in the Ottoman nahiya (sub-districts) of Niš, Pirot, Vranje and Toplica, today in Serbia. At that time, it was known as the Bulgarian revolt.[2][3] In Serbian historiography it is regarded as a Serbian revolt,[4] while in Bulgarian historiography as a Bulgarian rebellion.[5][6][note 1]
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Newspaper "Novine srbske" describing the details of the rebellion taken up by Christian. The non-compliance of the freedoms for the Christians announced in the Edict of Gülhane was the reason for the uprising. Demands for improving the tax system were put forward.[1]"Novine srbske" describing a mission of Ottoman officials, aiming the returning the Bulgarians who fled in Serbia during the Niš rebellion.
Rebellion and suppression
The rebellion was led by Miloje Jovanović and Nikoča Srndaković Srndak.[7][8][9] It was rapid, large and forceful, relatively unexpected by the Ottomans with initial combat successes.[10] Ali Riza, a special commissioner sent to negotiate with the rebels, in a report sent to Istanbul, referred to the Bulgarians who dared intending to achieve supposed independence like that of the Serbs.[11][12] During the rebellion, the Ottomans burnt down 225 villages.[12]
Aftermath
After the suppression of the rebellion, protests against Ottoman rule continued until September 1842.[13] Around 10,000 people fled to the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman government appealed for their return.[12][14][13] As a result, Miloš Obrenović I of Serbia took a hand in arranging it.[15][16][17]Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui wrote Voyage en Bulgarie (Voyage in Bulgaria), a report of a mission given by French authorities to investigate the real causes of the Niš revolt.[18]
According to Nenad Stefanov, PhD in history at Humboldt University of Berlin, the rebellions between 1836 and 1840 in the area of Niš, Pirot and Belogradčik are object of contention between a nationally centered Serbian and Bulgarian historical narrative, both sides claiming they to be a manifestation of Bulgarian national consciousness or respectively loyalty of the rebels to Miloš Obrenović in a Serbian national historiography. He claims, by conceptualizing the relationship of Obrenović to the rebellion not as the protagonist of any national idea, but as one political actor, acting in this concrete context, is possible to avoid a strictly nationalist views. A lot of sources related to the activity of Prince Miloš, shows his interaction and cooperation with the Ottoman authorities, in order to restrain this revolt. For more see: Revolutions in the Balkans, Revolts and Uprisings in the Era of Nationalism (1804-1908), Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, pp. 27-28. and Südosteuropäische Hefte, 3 (2014) 1, pp. 163-166.
Jeffrey S. Dixon, Meredith Reid Sarkees (2015) A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014; CQ Press, Nish Uprising of 1841. (aka. Bulgarian. Revolt of 1841); pp. 257-258; ISBN1452234191.
There was also considerable unrest among peasants in the Danubian Principalities, and in 1841, three separate uprisings in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian 1841 uprising at Nish, on the Serbian frontier, was especially serious. For more see: Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in 19th Century Europe, Routledge, 2013, ISBN113502670X, p. 173.
Jeffrey S. Dixon, Meredith Reid Sarkees, A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014; Correlates of war series; CQ Press, 2015, ISBN1452234191, p. 257.
Dusan T. Bataković, The Foreign Policy of Serbia (1844-1867): IIija Garašanin's Načertanije, Institut des etudes balkaniques, 2014, ISBN9788671790895, p. 111.
Revolutions in the Balkans, Revolts and Uprisings in the Era of Nationalism (1804-1908), Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, pp. 27-28. and Südosteuropäische Hefte, 3 (2014) 1, pp. 163-166.
Stojančević, Vladimir (2006). "Ustanak 1841. godine u Jugoistočnoj Srbiji". Narodni muzej Leskovac.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Sandra Halperin, War and Social Change in Modern Europe: The Great Transformation Revisited, 2004, Cambridge University Press, ISBN9780521540155, p. 345.
Бојана Миљковић Катић (10 January 2014). Пољопривреда Кнежевине Србије: (1834-1867): Agriculture of the Principality of Serbia (1834-1867). Istorijski institut. pp.269–. ISBN978-86-7743-106-8. Једну од трајнијих политика подстицања пољопривреде чинило је подстицање досељавања сеоског становништва. Државне власти биле су свесне значаја насељеност земље и подстицаја које је оно давало привредном развоју, наричито у пољопривреди, где је обезбеђивало већу култивисаност земљишта. Стога су, у оквиру активне популационе политике, посебно подстицале досељавање сеоског становништва. Иако у ограничене у могућностима привлачење становништва, српске власти су најчешће прихватале не само оне који су се из постојбине иселили с одобрење власти, већ и оне који су илегелно напустили земљу и преселили се у Књежевину Србију, били да су досељавали у миру или у време буна, као што је био случај тзв. Нишке буне 1841. године, када је у Србију пребегло око 10–11.000 људи и када су османске власти тражиле њихово враћање у постојбину. Од овог правила одступало се ретко, најчешће под политичким притиском.
Stojančević, Narodnooslobodilački Pokret u Niškom Kraju, 1833, i, 1834/35 g.', Istoriski Casopis, V, (1954-1955), p. 431; S. Dimitrov, 'S'rbiia i V'stanicheski Dvizheniia v Zapadna B'lgariia ot 30te—40te godini na XIX vek,' Studia Balcanica, II, Prouchvaniia po Sluchai Vtoriia Mezhdunaroden Kongres po Balkanistika, (1970), pp. 258-261 and 263.
Mark Pinson, Ottoman Bulgaria in the First Tanzimat Period — The Revolts in Nish (1841) and Vidin (1850) (Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 11, No 2 (May, 1975), pp. 103-146).
Vladimir Stojančević (1988). Serbia and the Bulgarians, 1804-1878. Просвета. стр. 126: Избио велики народни устанак 1841 године у бугарским крајевима на територији видинског пашалука, кнез Михаило није могао помоћи, као што није помогао ни устанак српског становништва у крајевима нишког санџака. [...] У јавности овај устанак је познат као буна хришћана, и премда је то био оружани антитурски покрет и српског и бугарског становништва [...], убрзо се у Европу одомаћио назив „бугарска буна".
E. D. Tanır, “The mid-nineteenth century Ottoman Bulgaria from the viewpoints of the French travelers,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2005.
Недељковић, С. "Учешће Арбанаса у гушењу Нишке буне 1841. године. У: С. Недељковић (Прир.)." Устанци и побуне Срба у Турској у XIX векуповодом 170. година од избијања Нишке буне (2012): 7-24.
Tanzimat ve Sosyal Direnişler Niş İsyanı Üzerine Ayrıntılı Bir İnceleme (1841)
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