New Territories East (1998 constituency)

For the geographical region, see New Territories East.

The New Territories East geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. It encompassed Sha Tin District, Tai Po District, North District and Sai Kung District. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, nine members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation with 1,139,616 electorates in 2020.

New Territories East
Former Geographical constituency for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Boundary of New Territories East in Hong Kong
District	North District Tai Po District Sai Kung District Sha Tin District
Region	New Territories
Population	1,824,600 (2020)[1]
Electorate	1,139,616 (2020)[2]
Former constituency
Created	1998
Abolished	2021
Number of members	Five (1998–2000) Seven (2004–2012) Nine (2012–2021)
Created from	New Territories East (1995), New Territories North (1995), New Territories North-east (1995) New Territories South-east (1995)
Replaced by	New Territories North (2021), New Territories North East (2021), New Territories South East (2021)

History

For history of constituencies in New Territories East, see New Territories East.

The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the party-list proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats.^[3] Five seats were allocated to New Territories East, where popular democrat legislator Emily Lau of The Frontier topped the poll by winning more than 30 per cent of the popular vote with Cyd Ho also being elected. Although relatively weak in the region, the pro-democracy Democratic Party's Andrew Cheng also won a seat, while the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) Lau Kong-wah whose Civil Force (CF) had a strong presence in Sha Tin District, also won a seat. The last seat was taken by former Legislative Council President Andrew Wong, beating pro-business Liberal Party chairman Allen Lee.

In the 2000 Legislative Council election, Cyd Ho switched to Hong Kong Island. Her vacancy was taken up by Democrat Wong Sing-chi who led a separate ticket targeting North District and Tai Po District, while Andrew Cheng targeted Sha Tin District and Sai Kung District. Two extra seats were added to New Territories East in 2004 election, in which the pro-democrats formed a star-dubbed "7.1 United Front" ticket which aimed at winning five seats riding on the pro-democracy wave from the 2003 mass demonstration. However only the first three candidates, Andrew Cheng, Emily Lau and Ronny Tong were elected, while the fourth candidate Wong Sing-chi was ousted. The DAB ticket also won two seats with Li Kwok-ying of the rural background also won a new seat. James Tien of the Liberal Party who was at the peak of his popularity from his opposition to the Basic Law Article 23 legislation contested in the constituency for the first time, while socialist activist "Long Hair" Leung Kwok-hung won the last seat, unexpectedly ousting Andrew Wong.

James Tien lost his re-election in the 2008 Legislative Council election as the Liberal Party's popularity declined, and was replaced by Wong Sing-chi. Leung Kwok-hung of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) rose to the top of the poll among the pro-democrats and Emily Lau dropped to the last. Lau decided to merge the Frontier into the Democratic Party after the party and became its vice chairwoman. In 2010 Leung Kwok-hung resigned from his office to trigger a by-election as part of the de facto "Five Constituencies Referendum" to pressure the government on the 2012 constitutional reform package. Leung was re-elected with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott, while Emily Lau's Democratic Party brokered a compromise with the Beijing authorities over the reform proposal, which increased the seats of the Legislative Council from 30 to 35, making the number of the seats in New Territories East from seven to nine.^[4][5]

In the 2012 Legislative Council election, the Democrats put forward an offensive strategy by fielding three tickets hoping to retain their current three seats. However with the radical democrats' ferocious attacks on their compromised position on the electoral reform, the Democrats retained only Emily Lau's seat while People Power's Raymond Chan and Neo Democrats' Gary Fan who quit the Democratic Party each won a seat. The DAB retained their two seats by splitting their ticket into two, each led by Chan Hak-kan and Elizabeth Quat. Fernando Cheung of the Labour Party and James Tien of the Liberal Party also returned to the Legislative Council through New Territories East.

Over the debate on the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposal, Civic Party moderate Ronny Tong resigned over his difference with the party and triggered a February 2016 by-election. Although Civic Alvin Yeung defeated DAB's Holden Chow, Edward Leung of the pro-independence Hong Kong Indigenous (HKI) received a better-than-expected results which boosted the localist camp morale.^[6] Edward Leung was later on barred from running in the September 2016 general election an instead supported Youngspiration's Baggio Leung who was elected. While Lam Cheuk-ting succeeded Emily Lau who was retiring, New People's Party's Eunice Yung who was supported by Civil Force ousted Gary Fan.

Baggio Leung was soon disqualified from the office due to his oath-taking controversy, followed by Leung Kwok-hung who was also disqualified for his oath-taking manner. A by-election was held in March 2018, where Gary Fan made a comeback by defeating Tang Ka-piu of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU). However, Fan was later unseated by the court in December 2019, as the court viewed pro-independence candidate Ventus Lau's disqualification in the by-election was unlawful.^[7]

Returned members

Below are all the members returned for the New Territories East constituency since its creation. The number of seats increased from five to nine between 1998 and 2016.

LegCo members for New Territories East, 1998–2021
Term	Election	Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member
1st	1998		Emily Lau (TF→DP)		Andrew Cheng (DP→Ind)		Lau Kong-wah (DAB/CF)		Cyd Ho (TF)		Andrew Wong (Ind)
2nd	2000								Wong Sing-chi (DP)
3rd	2004								Ronny Tong (A45→CP→Ind)		Leung Kwok-hung (AFA→LSD)		James Tien (LP)		Li Kwok-ying (DAB)
4th	2008												Wong Sing-chi (DP)		Chan Hak-kan (DAB/NTAS)
										Vacant
	2010 (b)										Leung Kwok-hung (LSD)
5th	2012				Fernando Cheung (Lab)		Elizabeth Quat (DAB)						Chan Chi-chuen (PP)				James Tien (LP)		Gary Fan (ND)
	2016 (b)								Alvin Yeung (CP)
6th	2016		Lam Cheuk-ting (DP)														Yung Hoi-yan (NPP)		Sixtus Leung (Youngspiration)
	2018 (b)									Vacant									Gary Fan (ND)
																		Vacant
								Vacant
		Vacant		Vacant								Vacant

Summary of seats won

Term	Election	Distribution
1st	1998	4 1
2nd	2000	4 1
3rd	2004	4 3
4th	2008	5 2
5th	2012	6 3
6th	2016	6 3

		1998	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016
	Frontier	2	1	1	1
	Democratic	1	2	1	2	1	1
	DAB	1	1	2	2	2	2
	Liberal			1		1
	April Fifth Action			1
	LSD				1	1	1
	Civic				1	1	1
	Labour					1	1
	People Power					1	1
	Neo Democrats					1
	Youngspiration						1
	NPP						1
	Independent	1	1	1
Pro-democracy		4	4	4	5	6	6
Pro-Beijing		1	1	3	2	3	3
Seats		5	5	7	7	9	9

Vote share summary

		1998	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016
	Frontier	30.8	20.6	11.2	9.2
	Democratic	25.6	24.4	16.8	23.8	14.7	6.8
	DAB	17.2	21.8	22.1	28.4	18.2	18.5
	Liberal	10.3	5.0	15.9	8.0	6.7	3.5
	Citizens	0.7
	April Fifth Action		5.9	14.1
	HKPA		2.9	3.3
	New Forum		2.2
	CTU			5.6
	LSD				12.4	10.4	6.1
	Civic				11.1	7.1	9.0
	Labour					9.5	8.6
	People Power					8.2	7.9
	Neo Democrats					6.2	5.4
	FTU					5.3	4.6
	Civil Force					5.2
	Economic Synergy					1.2
	Youngspiration						6.6
	NPP						6.2
	HKRO						4.1
	PoD						1.4
	Independent and Others	15.4	17.1	11.0	7.1	7.9	11.3
Pro-democracy		70.6	65.6	58.7	56.5	57.4	57.9
Pro-Beijing		29.4	34.4	41.3	42.1	42.4	34.6

Election results

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

2010s

2018 New Territories East by-election^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai	183,762	44.57
	FTU (DAB)	Tang Ka-piu	152,904	37.08
	Livelihood First	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	64,905	15.74
	Independent	Wong Sing-chi	6,182	1.50
	Nonpartisan	Joyce Chiu Pui-yuk	3,068	0.74
	Independent	Estella Chan Yuet-ngor	1,504	0.36
Majority			30,858	7.49
Total valid votes			412,325	100.00
Rejected ballots			4,363
Turnout			416,688	42.13
Registered electors			988,986
	Neo Democrats gain from Youngspiration		Swing

↓

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  DAB (18.52%)

  Civic (9.03%)

  Labour (8.58%)

  People Power (7.92%)

  Democratic (6.77%)

  Youngspiration (6.55%)

  NPP/CF (6.23%)

  LSD (6.13%)

  Neo Democrats (5.44%)

  FTU (4.64%)

  HKRO/CP (4.07%)

  Liberal (3.45%)

  Path of Democracy (1.39%)

  Other (11.28%)

2016 Legislative Council election: New Territories East
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			64,503	11.11
	DAB	Elizabeth Quat Kenny Chong Yuen-tung, Tung Kin-lei, Chan Pok-chi, Alvin Chiu Man-leong, Philip Li Ka-leung, Wan Kai-ming, Ada Lo Tai-suen, Alf Wong Chi-yung	58,825	10.13	+0.20
	Civic	Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	52,416	9.03	+1.98
	Labour	Cheung Chiu-hung Kwok Wing-kin	49,800	8.58	+0.03
	DAB (NTAS)	Chan Hak-kan Clement Woo Kin-man, Jiff Yiu Ming, Peggy Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Tsang Hing-lung, Mui Siu-fung, Hau Hon-shek	48,720	8.39	–0.43
	People Power	Raymond Chan Chi-chuen	45,993	7.92	–0.27
	Democratic	Lam Cheuk-ting Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ting Tsz-yuen, Ng Kam-hung, Lo Ying-cheung	39,327	6.77	–7.90
	Youngspiration (Nonpartisan)	Sixtus Leung Chung-hang Li Tung-sing	37,997	6.55	N/A
	NPP (Civil Force)	Yung Hoi-yan Stanley Lanny Tam, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tong Hok-leung, James Yip Chi-ho, Michael Liu Tsz-chung	36,183	6.23	+1.07
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	35,595	6.13	–4.26
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	34,544	5.95	+0.66
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Chung Kam-lun, Chan Wai-tat, Li Sai-hung, Chow Yuen-wai, Lui Man-kwong	31,595	5.44	–0.72
	FTU	Tang Ka-piu, Tam Kam-lin, Kent Tsang King-chung	26,931	4.64	–0.62
	HKRO (Civic Passion)	Chin Wan-kan, Marco Lee Kwok-hei	23,635	4.07	N/A
	Liberal	Dominic Lee Tsz-king, James Tien Pei-chun	20,031	3.45	–3.22
	Independent	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo	17,892	3.08	N/A
	PoD	Raymond Mak Ka-chun	8,084	1.39	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Hau Chi-keung, Wong Shui-sang, Pang Wang-kin, Yip Wah-ching	6,720	1.16	N/A
	Justice Alliance (Hong Kong)	Leticia Lee See-yin	2,938	0.51	N/A
	Independent	Wong Sum-yu	1,657	0.29	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Marcus Liu Tin-shing, Ben Kuen Ping-yiu, Li Wai	850	0.15	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Estella Chan Yuk-ngor	486	0.08	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Clarence Ronald Leung Kam-shing, Yau Man-king	305	0.05	N/A
Total valid votes			580,524	100.00
Rejected ballots			6,867
Turnout			587,391	60.24	+6.38
Registered electors			975,071

2016 New Territories East by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Civic	Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	160,880	37.19
	DAB	Holden Chow Ho-ding	150,329	34.75
	Indigenous	Edward Leung Tin-kei	66,524	15.38
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	33,424	7.73
	Third Side	Wong Sing-chi	17,295	4.00
	Nonpartisan	Lau Chi-shing	2,271	0.52
	Independent	Albert Leung Sze-ho	1,858	0.43
Majority			10,551	2.44
Total valid votes			432,581	100.00
Rejected ballots			1,639
Turnout			434,220	46.18
Registered electors			940,340
	Civic gain from Nonpartisan		Swing

↓

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  DAB (18.75%)

  Democratic (14.67%)

  LSD (10.39%)

  Labour (8.53%)

  People Power (8.19%)

  Civic (7.05%)

  Liberal (6.67%)

  Neo Democrats (6.16%)

  FTU (5.26%)

  Civil Force (5.16%)

  Economic Synergy (1.23%)

  Other (7.94%)

2012 Legislative Council election: New Territories East
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			51,638	11.11
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	48,295	10.39	−2.01
	DAB	Elizabeth Quat Chong Yuen-tung, Li Sai-wing, Philip Li Ka-leung, Tung Kin-lei, Ki Lai-mei, Wong Ping-fan	46,139	9.93	N/A
	DAB	Chan Hak-kan Lau Kwok-fan, Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Clement Woo Kin-man, Yiu Ming	40,977	8.82	−19.58
	Labour	Cheung Chiu-hung Kwok Wing-kin	39,650	8.53	N/A
	People Power (Frontier)	Raymond Chan Chi-chuen Erica Yuen Mi-ming	38,042	8.19	N/A
	Democratic	Emily Lau Wai-hing Ricky Or Yiu-lam, Frankie Lam Siu-ching, Lam Wing-yin	37,039	7.97	−1.23
	Civic	Ronny Tong Ka-wah Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	32,753	7.05	−4.05
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Leung Chi-wai, Liu Kwok-wah	31,016	6.67	−1.33
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip, Yau Man-chun, Chung Kam-lun, Cheung Kwok-keung, Michael Yung Ming-chau	28,621	6.16	N/A
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	24,594	5.29	N/A
	FTU	Ip Wai-ming, Wong Wang-to, Ching Ngon-lai, Kan Siu-kei, Kent Tsang King-chung, Cheung Kwok-wo	24,458	5.26	N/A
	Civil Force (New Forum)	Scarlett Pong Oi-lan, Lanny Tam, Law Kwong-keung, Chan Kwok-tim, So Chun-man, Lam Chung-yan, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tang Wing-cheong	23,988	5.16	−0.54
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi, Law Sai-yan	21,118	4.54	−7.66
	Democratic	Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Au Chun-wah, Mak Yun-pui, Kwong Mei-na	10,028	2.16	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Pong Yat-ming	6,031	1.30	N/A
	Economic Synergy	Yau Wing-kwong, Tong Po-chun, Chan Cho-leung, Pang Shu-wan, Lau Wai-lun, Shing Kwok-chu, Man Chen-fai, Tang Kwong-wing, Lok Shui-sang	5,717	1.23	N/A
	Independent	Raymond Ho Man-kit	2,875	0.62	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Chan Kwok-keung	2,327	0.50	N/A
	Independent	Angel Leung On-kay	1,077	0.23	N/A
Total valid votes			464,745	100.00
Rejected ballots			6,325
Turnout			471,070	53.86	+9.61
Registered electors			874,694

2010 New Territories East by-election^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	108,927	79.93
	Tertiary 2012	Crystal Chow Ching	17,260	12.67
	Nonpartisan	James Chan Kwok-keung	7,310	5.36
	Nonpartisan	Wu Sai-chuen	2,783	2.04
Majority			91,667	67.26
Total valid votes			136,280	100.00
Rejected ballots			5,952
Turnout			142,232	17.23
Registered electors			825,538
	LSD hold		Swing

2000s

↓

1

1

1

2

2

Vote share

  DAB (28.4%)

  Democratic (23.8%)

  LSD (12.4%)

  Civic (11.1%)

  Frontier (9.2%)

  Liberal (8.0%)

  Other (7.1%)

2008 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[10]
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			51,561	14.29
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah, Chan Hak-kan Mok Kam-kwai, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Kwok-kai, Lau Kwok-fan, Calvin Lin Chor-keung	102,434	28.38 (14.29+14.09)	+6.26
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	44,763	12.40	−1.74
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi Mok Siu-lun	44,174	12.24	N/A
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Yam Kai-bong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Li, Kwan Wing-yip, Michael Yung Ming-chau, Frankie Lam Siu-chung	41,931	11.62	N/A
	Civic	Ronny Tong Ka-wah Tsang Kwok-fung, Tsang Kin-chiu	39,957	11.07	N/A
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing Ricky Or Yiu-lam	33,205	9.20	N/A
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun, Terry Kan Wing-fai, Christine Fong Kwok-shan	28,875	8.00	−7.91
	Independent	Scarlett Pong Oi-lan	20,455	5.67	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Alvin Lee Chi-wing	4,007	1.11	N/A
	Party for Civil Rights and Livelihood	Siu See-kong, David Yung Chiu-wing	1,129	0.31	N/A
Total valid votes			360,930	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,029
Turnout			362,959	44.25	–12.17
Registered electors			820,205

↓

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  7.1 United Front (39.2%)

  DAB (22.1%)

  Liberal (15.9%)

  April Fifth Action (14.1%)

  Progressive Alliance (3.3%)

  Other (5.4%)

2004 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[11]
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			61,572	14.29
	7.1 United Front	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo, Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ronny Tong Ka-wah Wong Sing-chi, Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Ricky Or Yiu-lam	168,833	39.17 (14.29+14.29+10.59)	N/A
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah, Li Kwok-ying Mok Kam-kwai, Chan Kwok-tai, So Sai-chi, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Hak-kan	95,434	22.14 (14.29+7.85)	+0.39
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun	68,560	15.91	+10.89
	April Fifth Action	Leung Kwok-hung	60,925	14.14	+8.22
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	23,081	5.36	−10.64
	HKPA	Tso Wung-wai	14,174	3.29	+0.42
Total valid votes			431,007	100.00
Rejected ballots			3,745
Turnout			434,752	56.42	+11.64
Registered electors			770,590

↓

1

2

1

1

Vote share

  Democratic (24.4%)

  DAB (21.6%)

  Frontier (20.7%)

  April Fifth Action (5.9%)

  Liberal (5.0%)

  Progressive Alliance (2.9%)

  New Forum (2.2%)

  Other (17.3%)

2000 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[12]
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			61,567	20.00
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai, Wan Chung-ping, Li Kwok-ying	66,943	21.75 (20.00+1.75)	+4.58
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong	63,541	20.64 (20.00+0.64)	−10.17
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip	49,242	16.00	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	44,899	14.59	+1.16
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi Chow Wai-tung, Wong Leung-hi	25,971	8.44	N/A
	April Fifth Action	Leung Kwok-hung	18,235	5.92	N/A
	Liberal	Lau Hing-kee, Leung Chi-wai, Susana Ho Shu-tee	15,450	5.02	−5.23
	HKPA	Choy Kan-pui, Ling Man-hoi, Cheng Chun-wo, Ho Sau-mo	8,835	2.87	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Brian Kan Ping-chee	7,945	2.58	+0.57
	New Forum	Law Cheung-kwok	6,774	2.20	N/A
Total valid votes			307,835	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,112
Turnout			309,947	44.78	–11.1
Registered electors			692,164

1990s

↓

2

1

1

1

Vote share

  Frontier (30.8%)

  Democratic (25.6%)

  DAB (17.2%)

  Liberal (10.3%)

  Citizens (0.7%)

  Other (15.4%)

1998 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[13]
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
Quota			66,087	20.00
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing, Cyd Ho Sau-lan	101,811	30.81 (20.00+10.81)
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Wong Sing-chi, Lam Wing-yin, Ho Suk-ping	84,629	25.61 (20.00+5.61)
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah Cheung Hon-chung, Chan Ping, Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai	56,731	17.17
	Independent	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	44,386	13.43
	Liberal	Allen Lee Peng-fei, Wong Yiu-chee, Cheng Chee-kwok	33,858	10.25
	Nonpartisan	Brian Kan Ping-chee	6,637	2.01
	Citizens	Lui Yat-ming	2,302	0.72
Total valid votes			330,434	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,260
Turnout			332,694	55.88
Registered electors			595,340

See also

• List of constituencies of Hong Kong

References

1. "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission.
2. "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
3. Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H. (2001). Elections and Democracy in Greater China. OUP Oxford. pp. 1985–6.
4. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
5. Lee, Colleen; Siu, Beatrice & Yau, Thomas (22 June 2010) "Democrats vote yes" Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard
6. "2016 Legislative Council Geographical Constituency New Territories By-election - Election Result". Electoral Affairs Commission. 29 February 2016.
7. "Pro-democracy lawmakers Au Nok-hin and Gary Fan lose seats as Hong Kong's top court rejects election petition appeals". Hong Kong Free Press. 17 December 2019.
8. "Election Result - New Territories East". Electoral Affairs Commission.
9. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
10. "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
11. "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
12. "立法會選舉結果". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2002.
13. "Legco election overall result". Electoral Affairs Commission.