Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

Muñoz, officially the Science City of Muñoz (Filipino: Lungsod Agham ng Muñoz,^[5] Ilocano: Siudad ti Siensia ti Muñoz), is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 84,308 people.^[3]

Muñoz
Component city
Science City of Muñoz
From top, left to right: Science City of Muñoz Hall, Philippine Rice Research Institute Entrance, Philippine Carabao Center, Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Shrine, Main Gate of the Central Luzon State University
Flag Seal
Map of Nueva Ecija with Muñoz highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Muñoz Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 15°42′55″N 120°54′14″E
Country	Philippines
Region	Central Luzon
Province	Nueva Ecija
District	2nd district
Founded	1913
Cityhood	December 9, 2000
Named for	Francisco Muñoz
Barangays	37 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Mayor	Baby Armi L. Alvarez
• Vice Mayor	Nestor L. Alvarez
• Representative	Joseph Gilbert Violago
• City Council	Members Jose A. Ruiz Jr. Romeo A. Ruiz Jerry S. Fulgencio Allan S. Pingol Henry G. Agaloos Rommel Abon Altreb S. Castañeda Herminio F. Salcedo Vincent DV. Alvarez Edmond Balmeo
• Electorate	56,258 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	163.05 km2 (62.95 sq mi)
Elevation	95 m (312 ft)
Highest elevation	822 m (2,697 ft)
Lowest elevation	22 m (72 ft)
Population  (2020 census)[3]
• Total	84,308
• Density	520/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
• Households	20,933
Economy
• Income class	4th city income class
• Poverty incidence	10.55 % (2021)[4]
• Revenue	₱ 644.6 million (2020), 284.4 million (2012), 310.6 million (2013), 359.8 million (2014), 412.8 million (2015), 467.7 million (2016), 509.8 million (2017), 542.9 million (2018), 586 million (2019), 762.9 million (2021), 951 million (2022)
• Assets	₱ 2,123 million (2020), 583.6 million (2012), 627.5 million (2013), 721.8 million (2014), 877.8 million (2015), 1,179 million (2016), 1,406 million (2017), 1,596 million (2018), 1,738 million (2019), 2,281 million (2021), 2,621 million (2022)
• Expenditure	₱ 573.8 million (2020), 209.8 million (2012), 233.9 million (2013), 260.3 million (2014), 288 million (2015), 279.8 million (2016), 331.3 million (2017), 367.6 million (2018), 424.7 million (2019), 562.6 million (2021), 685.4 million (2022)
• Liabilities	₱ 632.3 million (2020), 246.8 million (2012), 222.9 million (2013), 217.7 million (2014), 244.7 million (2015), 355.8 million (2016), 392 million (2017), 403.4 million (2018), 418 million (2019), 571.4 million (2021), 623 million (2022)
Service provider
• Electricity	Nueva Ecija 2 Area 1 Electric Cooperative (NEECO 2 A1)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	3119, 3120
PSGC	034917000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)44
Native languages	Ilocano Tagalog
Website	www.sciencecityofmunoz.ph

From its lowly origins as “Sitio Papaya”, it was renamed as Muñoz in 1886 in honor of Spanish Governor Don Francisco Muñoz. It was in 1913, under Executive Order No. 72, when Muñoz was declared as a new and independent municipality. By the virtue of Republic Act 8977 signed on November 7, 2000, Muñoz formally elevated to a city and country's only city with "Science" in its formal name.

Etymology

The town got its name in honor of Don Francisco Muñoz, being the alcalde mayor and gobernadorcillo.

The Science City title was because of the presence of many state universities and colleges in the city, alongside many technological, vocational and industrial structures sprung up in the city.

History

From Sitio to Barrio

In 1886, Papaya was changed into 'Muñoz' to honor Don Francisco Muñoz, the province's alcalde mayor, and the community's first appointed gobernadorcillo. Muñoz was annexed as a barrio of San Juan de Guimba municipality. Settlers trickled in from Bulacan and the Ilocos Region, with Pangasinenses & Kapampangans. In 1911, Factoria (now San Isidro town), the provincial capital, was totally flooded. Muñoz was then considered a possible new capital of the province.

At about the same time, the people of Barrios Muñoz and San Antonio, also in San Juan de Guimba town, and Palusapis in Santo Domingo municipality, together with Sitios Kabisukulan, Rang-ayan, Mataas na Lupa, Siniguelas, Purok Agrikultura, and Pulong Maragul in Talavera town, were organizing themselves to be separated from their three respective municipalities to become a new independent municipality. They were prepared to construct a municipal hall and a school building for the emerging town.

From Barrio to town and Science City

On the recommendation of the Provincial Board of Nueva Ecija, then headed by Governor Isauro Gabaldon, and with approval of then Acting Governor General Newton Gilbert, the organized barrios and sitios were granted independence as a regular municipality on January 10, 1913, under the name of Muñoz. The seat of the fledgling municipal government was positioned in erstwhile Barrio Muñoz. The municipality of Muñoz was born and steadily grew to become an agricultural Science City in the making.

A municipal hall, a church, and a small public market were erected in Lumang Bayan (now Poblacion North). A road linking the young Muñoz town with the national highway from Barangay Bacal, Talavera was constructed. In World War II, Muñoz was the last stronghold of the Japanese Imperial Army; the Allied liberation in Muñoz by the joint United States and Philippine Commonwealth forces offensive razed the town to the ground in a matter of days.

Cityhood

Main article: Cities of the Philippines

In 2000, after achieving cityhood status, universities and scientific research institutes sprung up. The local government adopted and later ratified the Science city moniker.

Geography

Muñoz is situated 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Cabanatuan, 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Palayan, and 146 kilometres (91 mi) north of the capital Manila. Due to its rich topography and tropical climate, it is now home to agricultural research and technology centers, committed to the production of information and technological breakthroughs to promote rural development, productivity, and food security.

Barangays

Science City of Muñoz is politically subdivided into 37 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

PSGC	Barangay	Population			±% p.a.
		2020[3]		2010[6]
03-49-17-001	Bagong Sikat	2.4%	2,031	2,033	▾	−0.01%
03-49-17-002	Balante	2.2%	1,865	2,039	▾	−0.89%
03-49-17-003	Bantug	13.2%	11,104	10,345	▴	0.71%
03-49-17-004	Bical	3.4%	2,868	2,793	▴	0.27%
03-49-17-005	Cabisuculan	1.5%	1,259	1,264	▾	−0.04%
03-49-17-006	Calabalabaan	1.4%	1,170	1,080	▴	0.80%
03-49-17-007	Calisitan	1.2%	1,009	968	▴	0.42%
03-49-17-008	Catalanacan	4.5%	3,783	3,200	▴	1.69%
03-49-17-009	Curva	1.5%	1,305	1,201	▴	0.83%
03-49-17-010	Franza	3.3%	2,822	2,650	▴	0.63%
03-49-17-011	Gabaldon	2.7%	2,309	2,118	▴	0.87%
03-49-17-012	Labney	1.3%	1,064	940	▴	1.25%
03-49-17-013	Licaong	1.8%	1,521	1,613	▾	−0.59%
03-49-17-014	Linglingay	3.7%	3,151	2,985	▴	0.54%
03-49-17-015	Mangandingay	2.2%	1,819	1,688	▴	0.75%
03-49-17-016	Magtanggol	2.9%	2,452	2,205	▴	1.07%
03-49-17-017	Maligaya	5.5%	4,656	4,643	▴	0.03%
03-49-17-018	Mapangpang	0.7%	627	575	▴	0.87%
03-49-17-019	Maragol	2.9%	2,458	2,935	▾	−1.76%
03-49-17-020	Matingkis	1.3%	1,093	972	▴	1.18%
03-49-17-021	Naglabrahan	0.7%	584	586	▾	−0.03%
03-49-17-022	Palusapis	3.5%	2,987	2,777	▴	0.73%
03-49-17-023	Pandalla	1.2%	990	963	▴	0.28%
03-49-17-024	Poblacion East	2.4%	2,006	2,080	▾	−0.36%
03-49-17-025	Poblacion North	3.2%	2,707	2,758	▾	−0.19%
03-49-17-026	Poblacion South	2.1%	1,790	2,350	▾	−2.68%
03-49-17-027	Poblacion West	3.9%	3,247	4,085	▾	−2.27%
03-49-17-028	Rang-ayan	2.7%	2,311	2,139	▴	0.78%
03-49-17-029	Rizal	2.1%	1,751	1,640	▴	0.66%
03-49-17-030	San Andres	2.1%	1,798	1,667	▴	0.76%
03-49-17-031	San Antonio	2.7%	2,305	2,166	▴	0.62%
03-49-17-032	San Felipe	2.4%	2,020	1,973	▴	0.24%
03-49-17-033	Sapang Cawayan	1.9%	1,570	1,483	▴	0.57%
03-49-17-034	Villa Isla	3.2%	2,686	2,811	▾	−0.45%
03-49-17-035	Villa Nati	2.8%	2,377	1,301	▴	6.21%
03-49-17-036	Villa Santos	1.2%	986	959	▴	0.28%
03-49-17-037	Villa Cuizon	2.2%	1,827	1,498	▴	2.00%
	Total		84,308	81,483	▴	0.34%

Dispute

The National Government has an ongoing move to transfer the Talavera barangays of Matingkis (Talavera), Bakal 1, Bakal 2 and Bakal 3 to become part of Science City of Munoz for the reason that the said barangays are geographically and strategically within the said city. This was favored by most of the residents of the said barangays but opposed by the Municipal Government of Talavera.

Also there is a proposed separation of Villa Pinili (Bantug West) and San Juan (CLSU) which will include PNR (CLSU), and Sawmill (CLSU) from Barangay Bantug into two independent separate barangay. ^{[citation needed]}

Climate

Climate data for Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29 (84)	30 (86)	31 (88)	33 (91)	33 (91)	31 (88)	30 (86)	29 (84)	29 (84)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	30 (87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	19 (66)	19 (66)	20 (68)	22 (72)	23 (73)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	20 (68)	22 (71)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	4 (0.2)	6 (0.2)	7 (0.3)	12 (0.5)	61 (2.4)	89 (3.5)	96 (3.8)	99 (3.9)	81 (3.2)	88 (3.5)	37 (1.5)	13 (0.5)	593 (23.5)
Average rainy days	2.5	3.0	4.1	6.3	15.8	19.4	22.5	21.6	20.1	17.5	9.6	4.0	146.4
Source: Meteoblue[7]

Demographics

Population census of Muñoz

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1918	11,333	—
1939	21,814	+3.17%
1948	21,748	−0.03%
1960	27,622	+2.01%
1970	35,723	+2.60%
1975	38,619	+1.58%
1980	43,211	+2.27%
1990	50,356	+1.54%
1995	60,162	+3.39%
2000	65,586	+1.87%
2007	71,669	+1.23%
2010	75,462	+1.89%
2015	81,483	+1.47%
2020	84,308	+0.67%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[8][6][9][10]

Religion

Churches:

• The Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints
• Sacred Heart of Jesus Shrine
• San Sebastian parish Church
• Christ the Worker Parish Church
• Iglesia ni Cristo
• Christian Churches
• IIJMS Temples
• United Pentecostal Church
• The Apostolic Faith Church (Mission of Portland Oregon Inc.)
• Jesus Christ the Living God Fellowship (Conservative Baptist)
• Munoz Christian Church (FIFCOP)
• Lakas Angkan Ministry
• Muñoz Church of Christ

Economy

Poverty incidence of Muñoz

5 10 15 20 25 30 2006 26.00 2009 21.37 2012 15.10 2015 14.11 2018 5.52 2021 10.55 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Philippine Carabao Center facade, National Headquarters and Gene Pool

Mango grove in Muñoz

There are many new establishments in Munoz in the past few years. Notable are Jollibee Munoz, Mang Inasal Munoz, 7/11, BDO, Land Bank, Novo, Lucky 99, Friendship Supermarket, Inc (FSi), and the Villa-Mendoza Training Institute, are now major landmarks on the city.

In terms of commercial and shopping sector, Robinsons, Savemore and Puregold has also initially identified locations in the city for future construction. Fast-food chain operator Jollibee already established their store in the city.

With a bustling market center with rice trading as a major economic activity, it has transformed into its present status as a Science City by virtue of Republic Act 8977 on December 9, 2000. Being a science city, Muñoz was acknowledged as one of the members of League of Cities of the Philippines and became a pilot city of achieving the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals.

Research and development centers

• The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) (formerly the Maligaya Rice Research and Training Center (MRRTC)) is found in Muñoz
• Central Office and National Genepool of the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC).
• National Freshwater and Fisheries Training and Research Center (NFFTRC)
• The main offices of the Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension (BPRE) now known as Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMech)
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR-NFFTC) are also based in Muñoz.

Government

Elected officials

Members of the Muñoz City Council
(2022–2025)^[19]

Position	Name
District Representative (2nd Legislative District of the Province of Nueva Ecija)	Joseph Gilbert Violago
Chief Executive of the City Muñoz	Mayor Baby Armi L. Alvarez
Presiding Officer of the City Council of Muñoz	Vice Mayor Nestor L. Alvarez
Members of the City Council	Jose A. Ruiz Jr.
	Romeo A. Ruiz
	Jerry S. Fulgencio
	Allan S. Pingol
	Henry G. Agaloos
	Rommel Abon
	Altreb S. Castañeda
	Herminio F. Salcedo
	Vincent DV. Alvarez
	Edmond Balmeo

Transportation

As with most towns in Central Luzon, inter-city transport is through the Pan-Philippine Highway (also known as Maharlika Highway/ Asian Highway 26), the country's principal transport backbone. The principal mode of transport is through Jeepneys with fixed routes, or through tricycles, whom you need to tell where to go.

Buses from Cagayan Valley to Manila and vice versa stops here.

From Manila, you can ride a public bus going to San Jose City, Nueva Ecija or take the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) and take La Paz Exit. And continue until reaching the city. You can also ride a public bus plying Cagayan Valley which exits at TPLEX (Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway) Pura Exit; they continue to traverse through N114 (Pangasinan–Nueva Ecija Road) up to Baloc, Santo Domingo; and they turn left going to AH26 until you reach Muñoz.

Land use

Land use	Hectares
Agricultural	9,819
Residential	2,847
Commercial and industrial	784
Institutional	740
Forest hills and pasture	1,215
Roads	246
Water bodies	516
Open spaces	138
Total	16,305

Education

• Central Luzon State University - a state university located on a 658-hectare campus in the Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It serves as the lead agency of the Muñoz Science Community and hosts the Regional Research and Development Center in Central Luzon. CLSU is recognized for its significant contributions to agricultural research in Southeast Asia, particularly in areas such as aquatic culture (notably in the sex reversal of tilapia), ruminant studies, crop science, orchard management, and water management.^[20][21]

Notable personalities

• Alexis Belonio - Filipino inventor
• Darren Espanto - Filipino Singer and Artist

References

1.  Science City of Muñoz | (DILG)
2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. Census of Population (2020). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
5. "SK ng Lungsod Agham ng Muñoz" [SK (Youth Council) of the Science City of Muñoz] (in Filipino). Science City of Muñoz Government. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
6. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
7. "Muñoz: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
8. Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
9. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
10. "Province of Nueva Ecija". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
11. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
12. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
13. "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
14. "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
15. "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
16. "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
17. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
18. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
19. "Science City Of Muñoz - Nueva Ecija | Eleksyon 2022 | GMA News Online". GMA Integrated News. May 13, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
20. Fitzsimmons, Kevin. "Tilapia Aquaculture in the Philippines". The University of Arizona College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
21. "Update On Tilapia Sex Reversal". Agriculture Business Week. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010.

External links

• Official website
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• Local Governance Performance Management System