Mount Süphan

Mount Süphan (Turkish: Süphan Dağı; Kurdish: Sîpanê Xelatê; Armenian: Սիփան, romanized: Sipan) is a stratovolcano located in eastern Turkey, immediately north of Lake Van. It is the second highest volcano in Turkey, with an elevation of 4,058 metres (13,314 feet), and has the third highest prominence of the Armenian Highlands, after Mount Ararat (5,137 m) and Mount Aragats (4,090 m).

View of the city of Malazgirt and Mount Süphan from the north, 1901

Mount Süphan
Mount Süphan in October 2007
Highest point
Elevation	4,058 m (13,314 ft)[1][2]
Prominence	2,189 m (7,182 ft)[2][3]
Isolation	151.16 km (93.93 mi)
Listing	Ultra
Coordinates	38°55′48″N 42°49′48″E[3][4]
Geography
Mount Süphan Location in Turkey
Location	Adilcevaz, Bitlis and Patnos, Ağrı, Turkey
Parent range	Armenian Highlands
Geology
Age of rock	Holocene[4]
Mountain type	Stratovolcano[5]
Last eruption	Pleistocene[4]

The mountain has two peaks, east and west, separated by a 1.5 km-wide basin; there are two small lakes in this basin.^[6] The eastern summit is much larger in area and consists of "a wide snow-covered platform of cairn-like bare rock peaks".^[6] From here, the whole northern shore of Lake Van is visible, along with Mount Ararat, the Murat river plain, and even the Palandöken mountain south of Erzurum.^[6] The smaller western summit has fields of lava boulders.^[6] A narrow ridge connects the two peaks.^[6] All sides of the mountain are marked by lava "ribs".^[6] The slope is fairly gentle on all sides except the north.^[6]

The remains of the small Urartian fort of Kefirkalesi are located on the southwest slope at a height of 2400 m.^[6] This was probably never intended to have a permanent garrison and was mostly to keep local nomadic groups in check.^[6] Today, there are a few small villages along the mountain's lower slopes.^[6] About 1.5 km west of the village of Harmantepe (formerly Norsunçuk), there is also an ancient cemetery with urns that may have once contained cremated remains.^[6]

Geography

The Yalnız Ağaç or Lonely Tree is the only tree on Süphan Mountain and is located at the southern foot of the mountain and north of Lake Aygır. Lonely Tree is at 38°51′31.2768″N 42°49′16.4136″E. Mount Süphan is 60 to 70 kilometers (37 to 43.5 miles) northwest of the city of Van and around 153 kilometers southeast of Mount Ararat

Gallery

Mount Süphan and Lake Van

Süphan mountain at sunset in Edremit district

Süphan and flamingos

View of Mount Süphan from Patnos

See also

• List of volcanoes in Turkey
• Mount Nemrut
• Bilican Mountains
• Mount Göztepe
• Akdoğan Mountains
• Bingöl Mountains

References

1. Kurter, Ajun [in Turkish] (20 May 1988). "Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa: Turkey" (PDF). United States Geological Survey Professional Paper. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
2. "Suphan Dagi, Turkey". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
3. "Turkey Mountain Ultra-Prominence". Peaklist.org. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
4. "Suphan Dagi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
5. "Mount Sipan Stratovolcano North of Lake Van, Turkey". Earth Snapshot. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
6. Sinclair, T.A. (1987). Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume I. London: Pindar Press. pp. 272–3, 278. ISBN 0-907132-32-4. Retrieved 20 May 2022.

External links

• Mount Süphan - map