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City Quality of Life Indices are lists of cities that are ranked according to a defined measure of living conditions. In addition to considering the provision of clean water, clean air, adequate food and shelter, many indexes also measure more subjective elements including a city's capacity to generate a sense of community and offer hospitable settings for all, especially young people, to develop social skills, a sense of autonomy and identity.[1]
The reason some cities appear in one ranking but not another is often related to the different criteria used between rankings, but more commonly it is related the difference in weighting given to similar factors.[2]
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) publishes an annual Global Liveability Ranking, which ranks 140 cities for their urban quality of life based on assessments of their stability, health care, culture, environment, education and infrastructure.[3]
Melbourne, Australia, had been ranked by the EIU as the world's most livable city for seven years in a row, from 2011 to 2017.[4] Between 2004 and 2010, Vancouver, Canada, was ranked the EIU's most livable city, with Melbourne sharing first place in the inaugural 2002 report. Vancouver has ranked third since 2015, while Vienna, Austria, ranked second until 2018 when it climbed to the top spot.
The Syrian capital, Damascus, was ranked the least livable city of the 173 assessed in 2024.[5][6]
The EIU also publishes a Worldwide Cost of Living Survey that compares the cost of living in a range of global cities.[7]
| EIU's Global Liveability Ranking 2024[8] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region |
| 1 | Vienna |  Austria |
| 2 | Copenhagen |  Denmark |
| 3 | Zürich |  Switzerland |
| 4 | Melbourne |  Australia |
| 5 | Calgary |  Canada |
| - | Geneva | Switzerland |
| 7 | Sydney | Australia |
| - | Vancouver | Canada |
| 9 | Osaka |  Japan |
| - | Auckland |  New Zealand |
| 11 | Adelaide | Australia |
| 12 | Toronto | Canada |
| 13 | Helsinki |  Finland |
| 14 | Tokyo | Japan |
| 15 | Perth | Australia |
| 16 | Brisbane | Australia |
| 17 | Frankfurt |  Germany |
| 18 | Luxembourg |  Luxembourg |
| 19 | Amsterdam |  Netherlands |
| 20 | Wellington | New Zealand |
Since 2006, the lifestyle magazine Monocle has published an annual list of livable cities. The list in 2008 was named "The Most Livable Cities Index" and presented 20 top locations for quality of life.
Important criteria in this survey are safety/crime, international connectivity, climate/sunshine, quality of architecture, public transport, tolerance, environmental issues and access to nature, urban design, business conditions, proactive policy developments and medical care.
The 2024 Monocle Survey determined the world's most livable city was Munich, followed by Vienna and Zürich.[9]
| Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2024[9] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region | |
| 1 | Munich | Germany | |
| 2 | Vienna | Austria | |
| 3 | Zürich | Switzerland | |
| 4 | Copenhagen | Denmark | |
| 5 | Madrid |  Spain | |
| 6 | Lisbon |  Portugal | |
| 7 | Tokyo | Japan | |
| 8 | Melbourne | Australia | |
| 9 | Stockholm |  Sweden | |
| 10 | Paris |  France | |
| 11 | Helsinki | Finland | |
| 12 | Kyoto | Japan | |
| 13 | Oslo |  Norway | |
| 14 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | |
| 15 | Sydney | Australia | |
| 16 | Barcelona | Spain | |
| 17 | Berlin | Germany | |
| 18 | Singapore |  Singapore | |
| 19 | Milan |  Italy | |
| 20 | Athens |  Greece | |
American global human resources and related financial services consulting firm Mercer annually releases its Mercer Quality of Living Survey, comparing 221 cities based on 39 criteria. New York City is given a baseline score of 100 and other cities are rated in comparison. Important criteria are safety, education, hygiene, health care, culture, environment, recreation, political-economic stability, public transport and access to goods and services. The list is intended to help multinational companies decide where to open offices or plants, and how much to pay employees. Mercer has ranked Austria's capital Vienna first in its annual "Quality of Living" survey since 2009.
| Mercer's Quality of Living Ranking 2023[10] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region | |
| 1 | Vienna | Austria | |
| 2 | Zürich | Switzerland | |
| 3 | Auckland | New Zealand | |
| 4 | Copenhagen | Denmark | |
| 5 | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| 6 | Frankfurt | Germany | |
| 7 | Munich | Germany | |
| 8 | Vancouver | Canada | |
| 9 | Sydney | Australia | |
| 10 | Düsseldorf | Germany | |
| 11 | The Hague | Netherlands | |
| 12 | Wellington | New Zealand | |
| 13 | Bern | Switzerland | |
| 14 | Basel | Switzerland | |
| 14 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | |
| 16 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | |
| 17 | Toronto | Canada | |
| 18 | Berlin | Germany | |
| 18 | Ottawa | Canada | |
| 20 | Montreal | Canada | |
| 20 | Melbourne | Australia | |
| 22 | Perth | Australia | |
| 23 | Calgary | Canada | |
| 24 | Oslo | Norway | |
| 25 | Hamburg | Germany | |
The full ranking includes 241 cities.
This index uses data to score stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. The results are combined into a final livability index. [11]
| Movingto Global Liveability Index 2024 [12] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region | |
| 1 | Vienna | Austria | |
| 2 | Melbourne | Australia | |
| 3 | Vancouver | Canada | |
| 4 | Toronto | Canada | |
| 5 | Calgary | Canada | |
| 6 | Zurich | Switzerland | |
| 7 | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| 8 | Frankfurt | Germany | |
| 9 | Copenhagen | Denmark | |
| 10 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | |
| 11 | Osaka | Japan | |
| 12 | Paris | France | |
| 13 | Sydney | Australia | |
| 14 | Stockholm | Sweden | |
| 15 | London |  United Kingdom | |
| 16 | Tokyo | Japan | |
| 17 | Singapore | Singapore | |
| 18 | Helsinki | Finland | |
| 19 | Brisbane | Australia | |
| 20 | Hamburg | Germany | |
| 21 | Wellington | New Zealand | |
| 22 | Hong Kong |  China | |
| 23 | Berlin | Germany | |
| 24 | Munich | Germany | |
| 25 | Lyons | France | |
Numbeo is a crowd-sourced global database of reported consumer prices, perceived crime rates, quality of health care, among other statistics. The rankings are updated twice per year. [13]
| Numbeo's Quality of Life Index 2024 Mid-Year [14] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region |
| 1 | The Hague | Netherlands |
| 2 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
| 3 | Eindhoven | Netherlands |
| 4 | Rotterdam | Netherlands |
| 5 | Zürich | Switzerland |
| 6 | Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 7 | Vienna | Austria |
| 8 | Helsinki | Finland |
| 9 | Geneva | Switzerland |
| 10 | Frankfurt | Germany |
| 11 | Stuttgart | Germany |
| 12 | Amsterdam | Netherlands |
| 13 | Perth | Australia |
| 14 | Reykjavík |  Iceland |
| 15 | Brisbane | Australia |
| 16 | Austin, TX |  United States |
| 17 | Abu Dhabi |  United Arab Emirates |
| 18 | Melbourne | Australia |
| 19 | Valencia | Spain |
| 20 | Seattle, WA | United States |
The full ranking includes 242 cities.
The Happy City Index produced by the Institue for Quality of Life uses 23 different areas of activity, divided into five key categories to determine the overall sense of happiness among residents directly relating to their quality of life. The ranking includes all cities whose activities can be measured based on objective, transparent, and verifiable data. It also highlights cities that demonstrate exceptional achievements in terms of quality of life. [15]
| Happy City Index 2024 [16] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Country/Region |
| 1 | Aarhus | Denmark |
| 2 | Zurich | Switzerland |
| 3 | Berlin | Germany |
| 4 | Gothenburg | Sweden |
| 5 | Amsterdam | Netherlands |
| 6 | Helsinki | Finland |
| 7 | Bristol | United Kingdom |
| 8 | Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 9 | Geneva | Switzerland |
| 10 | Munich | Germany |
| 11 | Stockholm | Sweden |
| 12 | Rotterdam | Netherlands |
| 13 | Oulu | Finland |
| 14 | Vienna | Austria |
| 15 | Edinburgh | United Kingdom |
| 16 | Reykjavik | Iceland |
| 17 | Aalborg | Denmark |
| 18 | Minneapolis | United States |
| 19 | Basel | Switzerland |
| 20 | Alesund | Norway |
| 21 | Brisbane | Australia |
| 22 | Bruges |  Belgium |
| 23 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
| 24 | Bordeaux | France |
| 25 | Cork |  Ireland |
- European Green Capital Award – Award for a European city based on its environmental record
- Global city – City important to the world economy
- Healthy city – Concept in urban design for health
- List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees
- List of largest cities
- Urban vitality – Intensity of use of an urban area
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