Mission sui iuris

In the canon law of the Catholic Church, a mission sui iuris (Latin: missio sui iuris, pl. missions sui iuris), also known as an independent mission, can be defined as: "an ecclesial structure erected from a previous territory, with explicit boundaries, under the care of a religious community or other diocese, responding to a missionary exigency and headed by a superior nominated by the Holy See, under the aegis of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples."^[1]

It is generally applied to an area with very few Catholics, or in areas where Christianity (in particular Roman Catholicism) is either outlawed or undergoing persecution, often desolate or remote, and ranks below an apostolic prefecture and an apostolic vicariate.

The clerical head is styled Ecclesiastical Superior and can be a regular cleric, titular or diocesan bishop, archbishop or even a cardinal, but if of episcopal rank often resides elsewhere (notably, in another diocese or the Vatican) in chief of his primary office there.

It can either be exempt (i.e. directly subject to the Holy See, like apostolic prefectures and apostolic vicariates), or suffragan of a Metropolitan Archbishop, hence part of his ecclesiastical province.

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Current missions sui iuris

As of March 2017, the only remaining cases — all of the Latin Church — were:

In Asia :

In the Atlantic Ocean :

Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands

In the Caribbean :

Cayman Islands, in the ecclesiastical province of the Archbishop of Kingston in Jamaica (pastoral responsibility of the Archdiocese of Detroit)
Turks and Caicos, in the ecclesiastical province of the Archbishop of Nassau (pastoral responsibility of the Archdiocese of Newark)

In Oceania :

Funafuti, in Tuvalu, in the ecclesiastical province of the Archbishop of Suva
Tokelau, in the ecclesiastical province of the Archbishop of Samoa-Apia

Those for which no province is named are exempt, i.e. directly under the Holy See.

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Former missions sui iuris

by continent and (present/colonial) country

In Europe

Mission sui iuris of Batavia alias Holland - or Dutch mission (Netherlands)
Mission sui iuris of Central Norway (now Territorial Prelature of Trondheim)
Mission sui iuris of Northern Norway (now Territorial Prelature of Tromsø)
Mission sui iuris of Norway (now diocese of Oslo)

In Asia

Mission sui iuris of Baku (Azerbaijan; promoted Apostolic Prefecture)
Mission sui iuris of Coromandel Coast (India; now Metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore)
Mission sui iuris of Gazireh (Turkey; suppressed)
Mission sui iuris of Hindustan (India; repeated promotions; now Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra)
Mission sui iuris of I-li (imperial China; suppressed)
Mission sui iuris of Karafuto (Japan; promoted Apostolic Prefecture, became Soviet/Russian, renamed Yuzhno Sakhalinsk)
Mission sui iuris of Kyrgyzstan (nation; promoted Apostolic Administration)
Mission sui iuris of Miyazaki (Japan; promoted Apostolic Prefecture, now diocese of Oita)
Mission sui iuris of Mossul (Kurdistan, notably northern present Iraq; suppressed)
Mission sui iuris of Nepal (nation; promoted Apostolic Vicariate)
Mission sui iuris of Outer Mongolia (Mongolia; renamed Mission sui juris of Urga)
Mission sui iuris of Qiqihar, alias Tsitiskar (China; promoted Apostolic Prefecture)
Mission sui iuris of Rajaburi (Thailand; now diocese Ratchaburi)
Mission sui iuris of Rajputana (India; promoted Apostolic Vicariate, now Diocese of Ajmer)
Mission sui iuris of Shiqian = Shihtsien (China; promoted Apostolic Prefecture)
Mission sui iuris of Sikkim (Indian state and Bhutan; promoted twice, now Diocese of Darjeeling)
Mission sui iuris of Syria and Cilicia? (partially in present Iraq; temporarily promoted Apostolic Prefecture, demoted back, suppressed)
Mission sui iuris of Trabzon (Asian Turkey; promoted Apostolic Vicariate of Anatolia)
Mission sui iuris of Uzbekistan (nation; promoted Apostolic Administration)
Mission sui iuris of Urga = Ulanbator (imperial China China; promoted Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar, for (Outer) Mongolia)
Mission sui iuris of Xinjiang-Urumqi (China; promoted Apostolic Prefecture)
Mission sui iuris of Yixian (China; promoted Apostolic Prefecture)