List of visionary tall buildings and structures

This is a list of buildings and other structures that have been envisioned.

The X-Seed 4000 is one of the tallest structures ever conceived. Shown in this image is the Burj Khalifa (828 m (2,717 ft)), tallest structure in the world at the time of completion in 2010 to this year (2024), and the X-Seed 4000 project (4,000 m (13,000 ft)).

The definition of 'vision' is that used by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.^[1] The list does not include under construction buildings; these are listed at List of future tallest buildings.

Envisioned structures

Name	Height	Year of proposal	Type	Main Use	Country	Place	Description	Floors
The Space Elevator	100,000 km (62,137 mi)	1895	Massive space tether	Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization	UAE[2][3]  Japan[4]  China[5]  Russia[6]  USA[7]	Pacific Ocean[a]	An extraordinarily long cable, anchored on or near the equator, held up by the rotation of the Earth.	N/A
The Orbital Ring	160 km (99 mi) to 80 km (50 mi) of minimal height	1982	Suspended ring structure around Earth	Space tourism/exploration/colonization, Space manufacturing, Telecommunication, and Space-based solar power[8]	undetermined	undetermined	The Orbital ring is a concept of an artificial ring shaped cable placed around Earth and set rotating at such a rate that the apparent centrifugal force is large enough to counteract the force of gravity.[9][10][11] A motorized platform is placed on the cable that runs in the opposite direction at the speed that makes the ring structure become stationary relative to the ground at much lower attitude compare to space elevator which has to maintain its center of mass around geostationary orbit. Multiple tethers can be connected from orbital ring to the ground enabling mass-transport to space.[8]	N/A
The Launch Loop	80 km (50 mi)	1981	Suspended Maglev Track	Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization	undetermined	undetermined	The Launch loop is a concept that has been proposed for the purposes of orbital launch.[12]	N/A
Scaled-down space elevator	20 km (12 mi)	2009	Pneumatic tower	Tourism, communications, wind generation, and reduced cost space launch.[13]	undetermined	undetermined	A sub-orbital or mini version.[14] The structure would be free standing and actively guyed over its base.[13]	N/A
StarTram Generation 2	20 km (12 mi)	2001	Suspended Maglev Track	Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization	United States	undetermined	Proposed concept for orbital launches. It has a long (1000–1500 km) vacuum tube, levitated via strong currents in superconducting cables	N/A
Tokyo Tower of Babel[15]	10 km (33,000 ft)	1992	Arcology	Mixed Use	Japan	Tokyo	Would house roughly 30 million people and take 100–150 years to build. The cost would be around ¥3 quadrillion ($22 trillion).	1000+
Arconic Tower (Jetsons Tower)	4.8 km (16,000 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United States	San Francisco	It was designed by Arconic and became the tallest envisioned building in the United States, surpassing the Ultima Tower, envisioned for the same city.	984
Saud Tower	4.8 km (16,000 ft)	2024	Arcology + Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Saudi Arabia	Neom		979
X-Seed 4000	4 km (13,000 ft)	1995	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail real estate, as well as heavy industry	Japan	Tokyo	Would accommodate five hundred thousand to one million inhabitants	800
Ultima Tower	3.2187 km (10,560 ft)	1991	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United States	San Francisco	Designed by American architect Eugene Tsui in 1991	500
Dubai City Tower	2.4 km (7,900 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	Six buildings entwining a central core	400
Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid	2 km (6,600 ft)	1996	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Japan	Tokyo	The Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid is a proposed project for construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The structure would be approximately 14 times as high as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and would house 750,000 people. If built, it will be the largest man-made structure on Earth.	390
The Dutch Mountain	2 km (6,600 ft)	2012	Artificial Mountain	Tourism, leisure, commercial and wind generation	Netherlands	Flevoland	"De Nederlandse Berg", Dutch for "The Dutch Mountain" is a proposal for an artificial mountain by Thijs Zonneveld.[16][17][18][19]	N/A
Rise Tower	2 km (6,600 ft)	2022	Skyscraper	Mixed-Use	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh		678
Millennium Challenge Tower	1.852 km (6,080 ft)	2005	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Kuwait	Kuwait City	Designed by architect Omero Marchetti as part of his proposed "ethic city" concept. The aims of the project are to reach a nautical mile in height while "not using concrete, orthogonal grids, traditional systems, mortars, [and] cranes."[20] If built, the tower would reach 1,852 metres (6,076 ft).	575
Times Squared 3015	1.733 km (5,686 ft)	2015	Vertical City	Mixed Use	United States	New York City		321
Sky Mile Tower	1.7 km (5,577 ft)[21]	2015	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Japan	Tokyo	Would serve as a dam and supply water to its 55,000 residents.	421
Xtopia	1.614 km (5,295 ft)	2010	Skyscraper	Multiple	China	Shanghai	Xtopia is a concept building for a 300-floor high-rise self-contained community.	300
New City Tower	1,500 m (4,900 ft)	2007	Arcology	Mixed Use	United Kingdom	London		500
MOTHER	1.321 km (4,330 ft)	1991	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Japan	Tokyo		220
Edison Tower	1.310 km (4,298 ft)	2015	Vertical City	Mixed Use	United States	New York City		296
Bionic Tower	1.228 km (4,030 ft)	1997	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	China	Shanghai and Hong Kong have both expressed serious interest	Designed by architects Eloy Celaya, Mª Rosa Cervera and Javier Gómez Pioz; would house about 100,000 people.	300
Ziggurat Pyramid	1.200 km (3,940 ft)	2008	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	Ziggurat Pyramid is a pyramid-shaped arcology that was conceived for Dubai in 2008. The structure was designed to house nearly one million people and would be self-sustainable with all-natural energy sources. Like the pyramids of the Mayans and Egyptians, this structure in Dubai would be a giant; it would cover 2.3 square kilometers and would be able to sustain a community of up to one million people.	+300
Jakarta Mixed Use Tower	1.200 km (3,940 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Indonesia	Jakarta	This tower is vision to build in Jakarta, with tall about 1200m.	200
The Bride Tower	1.152 km (3,780 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Iraq	Basra	Designed by AMBS Architects	241
Orbita Residence	1.112 km (3,650 ft)	2004	Skyscraper	Residential	Brazil	São Paulo	Orbita Residence is a proposed 1112 meter tall 265 floor skyscraper in São Paulo Brazil. It is a tallest visionary building in Brazil ever designed.	265
Azerbaijan Tower	1.050 km (3,440 ft)	2012	Skyscraper	Commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Azerbaijan	Baku	Planned as part of the proposed "Khazar Islands" project[22]	189
Murjan Tower	1.022 km (3,350 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Bahrain	Manama	Designed by architect Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S[23]	200
Wadala Tower	1.011 km (3,320 ft)	2014	Skyscraper	garden, hotel, museum, office, and residential	India	Mumbai	When completed, the mix-use Wadala Tower would be one of the tallest of its kind in the world	200
Burj Mubarak Al Kabir	1.001 km (3,280 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Kuwait	Madinat al-Hareer	By Eric Kuhne and Associates[clarification needed]	234
Green Float	1,000 m (3,281 ft)	2010	Arcology	Mixed Use	Japan	Tokyo	Would be able to house up to 40,000 people	N/A
Hyperbuilding	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	1996	Vertical City	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Thailand	Bangkok	Designed by OMA	250
Sky City 1000	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	1989	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Japan	Tokyo	Aimed at helping put an end to major congestion and lack of greenspace in the Tokyo; 400 m (1,312 ft) wide at the base for a total floor area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi); drawn by construction firm Takenaka for the city of Tokyo in 1989, its design was the first of the modern super-tall mega-structures to gain serious attention and consideration by any government	196
Oblisco Capitale	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	2018	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Egypt	New Administrative Capital		210
Buenos Aires Forum	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	2009	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Argentina	Buenos Aires		200
Europa Tower (Brussels)	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	1993	Skyscraper	Office, observation, restaurant	Belgium	Brussels	Designed by L35 Arquitectos; articulated in nine modules;[24][25]	200
Miapolis	975 m (3,199 ft)	2009	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United States	Miami	Designed by Kobi Karp Architect	160
Sewun International Finance Center	965 m (3,166 ft)	2002	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	South Korea	Seoul		223
Permeable Lattice City	922 m (3,025 ft)	2017	Arcology	Mixed Use	Singapore	Singapore	Designed by WOHA Architect	276
Sepet Gokdele	900 m (3,000 ft)	2001	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Turkey	Istanbul	Designed by GAD Architecture	184
Nansha Tower	900 m (3,000 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	China	Guangzhou		165
The Spire at Ras Al Khaimah	815 m (2,674 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Residential, office, hotel, observation	United Arab Emirates	Ras Al Khaimah	Designed by Murphy/Jahn Architects	140
Millennium Tower (Tokyo)	840 m (2,760 ft)	1989	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Japan	Tokyo	By Norman Foster	180
Sky City (Changsha)	838 m (2,749 ft)	2012	Skyscraper	Mixed use	China	Changsha		202
DIB-200	800 m (2,600 ft)	1993	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Japan	Tokyo	Proposed by Kajima Construction; designed by Sadaaki Masuda and Scott Howe	200
Doha Vertical City	750 m (2,460 ft)	2015	Vertical City	Mixed Use	Qatar	Doha		180
The Mandragore	737 m (2,418 ft)	2020	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United States	New York City		160
Burj Azizi	725 m (2,379 ft)	2023	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	Would Become Second Tallest Building In The World Beating The Merdeka 118	137
Shimao Shenzhen–Hong Kong International Centre	700 m (2,297 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Hotel, Office	China	Shenzhen		148
BUMN Tower	700 m (2,297 ft)	2011	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Indonesia	Nusantara		~150
Buji Tower 1	680 m (2,231 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	China	Shenzhen		120
Princesa Tower	680 m (2,231 ft)	2018	Observation tower	Leisure, retail, and observation	Philippines	Puerto Princesa		120
World Centre for Vedic Learning	677 m (2,221 ft)	2000	Skyscraper	Religion, residential, commercial, and education	India	Jabalpur	Designed by Minoru Yamasaki & Associates	160
Dream Tower	665 m (2,182 ft)	2009	Skyscraper	Commercial and retail real estate	South Korea	Seoul	[26]	150
Bengaluru Turf Tower	663 m (2,175 ft)	N/A	Skyscraper	Residential	India	Bangalore	N/A	157
Incheon Tower	613 m (2,011 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	South Korea	Incheon	N/A	151
Gateway Tower (Chicago)	610 m (2,000 ft)	2016	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United States	Chicago	Designed by American architectural firm Gensler as a replacement for the Chicago Spire	127
The Big Bend	610 m (2,000 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Residential	United States	New York City	N/A	N/A
The Blade	610 m (2,000 ft)	2016	Skyscraper	Hotel	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	N/A	128
Three Empire Tower	600 m (1,969 ft)	2002	Skyscraper	Hotel, restaurant and office	Turkey	Istanbul	Designed by Edifice International	150
Malaya 115	596 m (1,955 ft)	N/A	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur		115
Port Tower	593.5 m (1,947 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Pakistan	Karachi	Approved for construction	130
Tashkent Twin City Towers	575 m (1,886 ft)	2024	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Uzbekistan	Tashkent	Proposed Skyscraper complex at New Tashkent City Masterplan	119
Diamond Tower	555 m (1,821 ft)	2012	Skyscraper	Office, residential	Cambodia	Phnom Penh		85
CP Makkasan Tower	550 m (1,800 ft)	2020	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	Thailand	Bangkok	Proposed Skyscraper complex at Makkasan station	120
Hudson Spire	550 m (1,800 ft)	2014	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United States	New York	Proposed by a developer from Tishman Speyer as part of Manhattan's Hudson Yards development; would be the tallest in the Western Hemisphere	110
Al Noor Tower	540 m (1,770 ft)	2014	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Morocco	Casablanca	Would become Africa's tallest building if completed	114
Thompson Center Redevelopment	518 m (1,699 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United States	Chicago	N/A	115
ETC Tower	501 m (1,644 ft)	2019	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United Kingdom	London	Would become United Kingdom's tallest building if completed	111
The Golden Dome Dubai	500 m (1,600 ft)	2004	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	The Golden Dome Hotel 6 star, Residential, Office, Sport, Retail, Restaurant, and Observation.	120
Asia Plaza	431 m (1,414 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Commercial	Taiwan	Kaohsiung	It is a part of the Asia Plaza Tri-Tower Complex, that comprise three buildings, located in the new CBD of Asia New Bay Area.[27][28]	103
GIFT Diamond Tower	410 m (1,350 ft)	2002	Skyscraper	Commercial	India	Gandhinagar	Diamond Tower and the core CBD of GIFT will comprise a total of 25,800,000 sq ft (2,400,000 m2).[29]	87
Solar updraft tower	400–1,000 m (1,300–3,300 ft)	2001	Power plant	Power generation	Australia	Buronga, New South Wales		N/A
Tehran World Trade Center	375 m (1,230 ft)	2018	Skyscraper	Office	Iran	Tehran		72
888 2nd Avenue Tower	366 m (1,201 ft)	2013	skyscraper	Mixed Use	United States	Seattle		77
Empire 88 Tower	333 m (1,093 ft)	2020	skyscraper	Hotel, Residential	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City		88
Time Square Da Nang	230 m (750 ft)	2022	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Vietnam	Da Nang	Times Square Danang is a high-end luxury development with over 85% of units having a direct view of the sea in Da Nang. Each apartment in Da Nang Times Square is delicately and artistically created in the style of modern European architecture, incorporating a full range of new 5-star standard services and facilities that buyers are promised. Indulge in a stylish and appealing setting.	N/A

Cancelled and scrapped projects

Name	Pinnacle height	Year of first proposal	Structure type	Main use	Country	City	Year of projected completion	Description
Houston Tower	2,092 m (6,864 ft)	1979	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, leisure real estate, office	United States	Houston	Never begun	The Houston Tower was an envisioned skyscraper that would have been nearly 1.3 miles (2.1 km) tall (6864 ft/2092 m) and taken up 16 city blocks in Houston.
Aeropolis 2001	2,001 m (6,565 ft)	1989	Arcology Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Japan	Tokyo	Never begun	The Aeropolis 2001 was a proposed project for construction of a massive 500-story high-rise building over Tokyo Bay in Japan. It was proposed to be a 2,000 m (6,562 ft) high building.
The Illinois	1,609 m (5,279 ft)	1956	Skyscraper	Commercial, Residential, and leisure real estate	United States	Chicago	Never begun	The Illinois, envisioned by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, was to be a mile high (1609 m / 5280 ft) skyscraper in Chicago.
1 Dubai	1,008 m (3,307 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Unknown	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2010 (cancelled in 2009)	1 Dubai is a proposal in Dubai to planned to be completed, but in 2009, it was cancelled.
Nakheel Tower	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	2003	Skyscraper	residential, hotel, office	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2020 (cancelled 2009)	Cancelled due to financial problems.
Sky City (Changsha)	838 m (2,749 ft)	2013	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	China	Changsha	2014 (cancelled 2014)	Cancelled due to concerns over the building's impact on the local environment.[30]
World Trade Center Chicago	762 m (2,500 ft)	1986	Skyscraper	Office	United States	Chicago	(Cancelled in 1992)	Canceled by Stanley Raskow due to lack of investors.
Dubai One	711 m (2,333 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Residential, hotel, observation, restaurant and conference	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2023 (Cancelled in 2021)	Dubai One is a proposal in Dubai to planned to be completed in 2023, but in 2021, it was cancelled.
India Tower	707.5 m (2,321 ft)	2010	Skyscraper	residential / hotel / office	India	Mumbai	(Cancelled 2015)	In May 2011 Mumbai's civic building proposals department issued a stop-work order due to a payment dispute with the developers, halting the tower's construction indefinitely. The tower was cancelled on 16 October 2015.
Phare du Monde	701 m (2,300 ft)	1934	Concrete observation tower	Leisure and retail real estate	France	Paris	1937 (construction never begun)	Phare du Monde, was a project for a 701 metre tall observation tower for the world exhibition in Paris, 1937. It was planned as a concrete tower similar to a modern TV tower, but also with a ramp for drive up access.
Fanhai Centre	699 m (2,293 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Residential and commercial	China	Wuhan	2027 (cancelled in 2020)	The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over 500 metres (1,600 ft). It will be replaced by the 474 meter Fanhai Centre.
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU01-01	680 m (2,230 ft)	2013	Skyscraper	Residential and commercial	China	Shenzhen	2030 (cancelled in 2019)	The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
Grollo Tower	678 m (2,224 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and leisure real estate	Australia	Melbourne	2004 (cancelled 2001)	Construction was cancelled on the Grollo Tower (named after the architect) in Melbourne's developing Dockland precinct in April 2001 after Melbourne's Docklands Authority ruled it out of the tender for development of the Batman Hill's precinct due to disagreements over who would pay for infrastructure improvements. The area is now occupied by a mixture of smaller commercial and residential buildings. The Grollo Tower would have been the world's tallest building at the time at 560 m (1837 ft) tall, down from the originally planned 678 m (2,224 ft) height, and still would have been the tallest building in the southern hemisphere.
Tianfu Center	677 m (2,221 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Office	China	Chengdu	2025 (cancelled in 2020)	The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over. Originally it was going to have 677 meters and 157 floors, but it was reduced to a building of 489 meters and 95 floors.
Millenium Tower Las Vegas	671 m (2,201 ft)	2001	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United States	Las Vegas	2001 (cancelled in 2002)	Millennium Tower was proposed to be 671 m (2,201 ft) as the tallest building in the world, but it was cancelled in 2002 because of its massive height.
Hanzheng Jie Project Tower 1	666.4 m (2,186 ft)	2011	Skyscraper	Residential and commercial	China	Wuhan	2026 (cancelled in 2020)	The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over 500 metres (1,600 ft).
PAGCOR Tower	665 m (2,182 ft)	2008	Observation tower	Leisure and observation facilities	Philippines	Manila	Cancelled in 2010	Originally part of the plans for the PAGCOR Entertainment City, the project was scrapped due to various reasons including air traffic regulations due to close proximity to Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Anara Tower	655 m (2,149 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	Cancelled In 2013	The 135 Story Anara Tower Was Proposed To Be 655 Meters Tall. It Was Cancelled In 2013
Warsaw radio mast	646 m (2,119 ft)	Original in 1968, Replacement in 1992	Guyed mast	VHF-UHF transmission	Poland	Warsaw	1997 (cancelled 1995)	Until late 1995, there were plans to rebuild the collapsed 646 m (2,119 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast to its previous height on the same site, using the basements of the old mast. Although some refurbishment of the basements started, work was canceled after violent protests by local residents, who feared harmful radiation effects from the high-power transmitter served by the antenna. A new transmission facility with two smaller masts measuring was built as a replacement in 1998–99 at Solec Kujawski.
Seoul Light Tower	640 m (2,100 ft)	2000	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	South Korea	Seoul	cancelled in 2011	This building was the proposed landmark building of Digital Media City. Its construction started in 2009, but it was cancelled at 2011 because of conflict between the City of Seoul and the developer company.
Changchun World Trade Center	631 m (2,070 ft)	2017	Skyscraper	Serviced, apartments, hotel, and office	China	Changchun	2028 (cancelled in 2020)	The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over 500 metres (1,600 ft).
Al-Aman World Capital Center	625 meters (2051 feet)	2017	Skyscraper	Residential / Serviced Apartments / Hotel / Office / Retail	Sri Lanka	Colombo	2023 (cancelled in 2019)	Would be the tallest building in Sri Lanka.
Triple One	620 m (2,030 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	South Korea	Seoul	2020 (cancelled in 2013)	The Triple One, 620 m (2,030 ft) tall, is a proposed building in Yongsan Dreamhub designed by Renzo Piano and 112 floors to be tallest building in South Korea.
Rama IX Super Tower	615 m (2,018 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Thailand	Bangkok	2026 (cancelled in 2020)	The Grand Rama 9 Tower, (formerly known as Rama IX Super Tower), was a proposed skyscraper in Bangkok, Thailand but has been cancelled. It was planned to be 615 m (2,018 ft) tall.
Philippine Diamond Tower	612 m (2,008 ft)	2014	Observation tower	Leisure, observation, and broadcast	Philippines	Quezon City	2019 (construction never begun; projected to be completed within three years)	The observation tower's height of 612 m (2,008 ft) is meant to signify the date of the Philippine declaration of independence (June 12).
Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers	610 m (2,000 ft)	2011	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and hotel	United States	Chicago	2022 (cancelled in 2014)	Cancelled due to the dissolution of the construction company and abandonment of the project.
7 South Dearborn	610 m (2,000 ft)	1999	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate as well as communications facilities	United States	Chicago	2004 (cancelled in 2000 due to lack of funding)	7 South Dearborn in Chicago was planned in 1999 to be 610 m (2,001 ft).
Chicago Spire	610 m (2,000 ft)	2005	Skyscraper	Residential real estate	United States	Chicago	2019 (cancelled in 2016)	The Chicago Spire designed by Santiago Calatrava was intended to be the tallest building in the western hemisphere as well as the tallest residential building in the world. It was abandoned in 2008 due to financial problems. As of March 11, 2014, as long as the project is funded, it assumed to resume construction.
Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle	610 m (2,000 ft)	1988	Skyscraper	Commercial, and Residential real estate	United States	Chicago	1994 (cancelled 1992)	The Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle in Chicago was to be 610 m (2,001 ft)[31] tall in 1988.
New Metropolitan Tower	600 m (2,000 ft)	2011	Television Tower	Communication and observation	Japan	Saitama	Cancelled in 2011	This project has been removed and switched to the construction of Tokyo Skytree.
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU02-01	580 m (1,900 ft)	2013	Skyscraper	Residential and commercial	China	Shenzhen	2030 (cancelled in 2019)	The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
International Business Center	580 m (1,900 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Commercial real estate	South Korea	Seoul	2013 (cancelled 2008)	International Business Center was a proposed skyscraper to be constructed in Seoul, South Korea for a height of 580 m (1,900 ft), it was to have 130 floors planned to be completed in 2013.
Crown Las Vegas	575 m (1,886 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real estate	United States	Las Vegas	2006 (cancelled in 2008)	Crown Las Vegas was proposed to be 575 m (1,886 ft), but it was cancelled in 2008 after 2 major redesigns.
Kowloon MTR Tower	574 m (1,883 ft)	2000	Skyscraper	Office	China	Hong Kong	2009 (cancelled 2001)	Now built as the International Commerce Center.
Entisar Tower	570 m (1,870 ft)	2012	Skyscraper	Residential and Hotel	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2020 (cancelled in 2023)	In 2012, Meydan Group announced the Entisar Tower, Construction was halted in 2017 due Dubai's civic building proposals department issued a stop-work order due to a payment dispute with developers, The tower was canceled in December 2023. It was replaced by Burj Azizi.
Grollo Tower	560 m (1,840 ft)	2001	Skyscraper	Residential and Commercial real estate	Australia	Melbourne	2001 (cancelled in 2004)	Revised version of the Grollo Tower shown above.
Meraas Tower	550 m (1,800 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Convention, commercial and retail spaces	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2015 (Cancelled in 2009)	The tower was never built, and was canceled in 2009.
New York Stock Exchange Tower	546 m (1,791 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Office	United States	New York City	2004 (cancelled 2001)	The 546 m tall, 140 story tower was cancelled in 2001 due to 9/11.
Grant USA Tower	533.4 m (1,750 ft)	1970	Skyscraper	Commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	United States	Newark, New Jersey	1986 (cancelled 1986)	The Grant USA Tower was planned by developer Harry Grant, who started New York Apple Tours. The building was to be completed in 1986 and to be the tallest hotel, tallest building and tallest structure. Harry Grant went bankrupt and the building never broke ground.[32]
Time 108 City	520 meters (1706 feet)	2018	Skyscraper		Myanmar	Yangon (New Yangon City)		Would be the tallest building in Myanmar
Television City Tower	510 m (1,670 ft)	1985	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	United States	New York City	1988 (cancelled 1985)	The 510 m tall, 150 story, Helmut Jahn-designed tower proposed by Donald Trump in New York, United States was cancelled in 1988 due to serious local opposition.
Burj Al Alam	510 m (1,670 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Office, hotel, restaurant, observation deck and retail	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	2012 (cancelled 2013)	Foundation work started. Construction halted in 2009 and finally cancelled in 2013.
Eaton's / John Maryon Tower	503 m (1,650 ft)	1971	Skyscraper	Commercial and leisure real estate	Canada	Toronto	1976 (cancelled 1972)	Eaton's / John Maryon Tower was a planned 503 m (1,650 ft) (686m to spire) tall building in Toronto in 1971.
10 Columbus Circle	500 m (1,600 ft)	1986	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	United States	New York	1987 (cancelled 1986)	The 500 m tall, 137 story, 10 Columbus Circle in New York, United States was cancelled in 1987.
Dragon Tower	500 m (1,600 ft)	1996	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	Indonesia	Jakarta	2002 (cancelled 1998)	The 500 m tall, 101 story, Dragon Tower was cancelled in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis.
Kaisa Feng Long Center	500 m (1,600 ft)	2011	Skyscraper	Hotel / office	China	Shenzhen	2012 (cancelled 2011)
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU01-03	480 m (1,570 ft)	2013	Skyscraper	Residential and commercial	China	Shenzhen	2030 (cancelled in 2019)	The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
City Tower	462 m (1,516 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Mixed use	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	2022 (cancelled 2017)	The 462 m tall, 86 story, Empire City Tower was cancelled in 2017.
The Hyperboloid	455 m (1,493 ft)	1956	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate	United States	New York City	1959 (cancelled 1957)	The 108 story Hyperboloid designed by I. M. Pei was cancelled in 1957. Now built as the Metlife Tower.
Brisbane Central Tower	450 m (1,480 ft)	1987	Skyscraper	Unknown	Australia	Brisbane	1987 (cancelled in 1993)
Minuzzo Tower	450 m (1,480 ft)	1993	Skyscraper	Unknown	Australia	Brisbane	1993 (cancelled in 1995)
Twin Towers 2	450 m (1,480 ft)	2004	Skyscraper	Office, observation, communication	United States	New York City	2018 (cancelled in 2010)
CBD-1	445 m (1,460 ft)	1993	Skyscraper	Unknown	Australia	Sydney	1995 (cancelled in 1997)
Psary, Poland broadcast tower	440 m (1,440 ft)	2009	Reinforced concrete and steel television tower	DVB-T signal transmission	Poland	Psary, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship	undetermined	At Bodzentyn, Poland a 440 metres tall tower is proposed for distributing DVB-T signals from the satellite station to TV broadcasting sites.[33] It will be, if built, the tallest man-made structure in Europe outside Russia.
Bank of the Southwest Tower	428 m (1,404 ft)	1982	Skyscraper	Office	United States	Houston	(cancelled in 1984)	The 86 story tower was cancelled in 1984 due to an oil bust in Texas.
Palace of Soviets	415 m (1,362 ft)	1932	Skyscraper	Bureaucratic administrative center and conference hall	Soviet Union	Moscow	1947 (cancelled 1942)	The Palace of Soviets, planned in 1932, was to be 415 m (including a 100 m Lenin statue), and would have been the tallest building in the world at the time if completed. Construction was halted during World War II, during which the uncompleted structure was partially dismantled; its foundations were later to serve as the world's largest open-air swimming pool before being razed in 1995.
The Monument to the Third International	400 m (1,300 ft)	1919	Grand Monument	Conference hall, bureaucratic administrative center, information administrative center	Soviet Union	Moscow	None given	During the Russian October Revolution of 1917, Vladimir Tatlin designed a structure named The Monument to the Third International, which was to serve as the international headquarters of the Komintern. Better known as the Tatlin Tower, the structure was to rise to a height of 400 m (1,312 ft), which would have made it by far the tallest building in the world at that time, but time & resource shortages as well as the social upheavals that resulted from the Russian Civil War, economic mismanagement, and political repressions halted the project.
London Millennium Tower	386 m (1,266 ft)	1996	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	United Kingdom	London		Designed by Foster + Partners, for then owner Trafalgar House, the plan was for the building to be the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world at that time.
Millennium Freedom Tower	376.8 m (1,236 ft)	1998	Observation tower	Leisure and observation facilities	United States	Newport, Kentucky	2000 (above ground construction never begun)	The Millennium Freedom Tower was a project to be located in Newport, Kentucky, United States was originally proposed in 1998 to be dedicated on Dec 31, 1999. The original height was a proposed 1,234 feet (376 m) and was later lowered to 1,103 ft (306 m). Pilings were driven in 1998, but construction never continued above ground.[34]
Millennium Tower	369 m (1,211 ft)	1998	Skyscraper	Mixed use	Germany	Frankfurt		Once completion, it would have been the tallest skyscraper in Germany, the European Union and Europe.
Watkin's Tower	358 m (1,175 ft)	1890	Iron latticed observation tower	Leisure and retail real estate	United Kingdom	Wembley	1894 (construction halted 1896)	Watkin's Tower in Wembley, London was planned in 1891 to surpass the Eiffel Tower by 50 m (164 ft), but construction stopped before that height was reached due to unstable land and insufficient funds. The tower remnants were dismantled in the 1900s, and the site was redeveloped as Wembley Stadium.
Mole Littoria	330 m (1,080 ft)	1924	Skyscraper		Kingdom of Italy	Rome
Scandinavian Tower	325 m (1,066 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Residential	Sweden	Malmö	2004	The Scandinavian Tower was intended to be the tallest skyscraper in Europe.[35] It was abandoned in 2004 in favor of Malmö Tower.
Torre Bicentenario	300 m (980 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Commercial	Mexico	Mexico City	2010 (cancelled in 2007)	The Torre Bicentenario (Bicentennial Tower) was a skyscraper project planned for Mexico City. The inauguration date was planned to be September 16, 2010, which is the day of the 200th anniversary of the Mexican War of Independence, hence the building's name. The Torre Bicentenario was canceled in 2007.
World Science Tower	N/A	1964	Guyed mast	Leisure facilities	United States	Larkspur, Colorado	N/A	The World Science Tower was going to be one of the world's tallest buildings, proposed in 1964. It would have had an amusement park at its base.
Volkshalle	290 m (950 ft) with spire 320 m (1,050 ft)	1937	Skyscraper	Cultural and convention center	Nazi Germany	Berlin	1950 (cancelled 1942)	Huge domed monument building planned by Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer for Germania, the projected renewal of the German capitol Berlin.

See also

• List of buildings with 100 floors or more
• List of cities with the most skyscrapers
• List of tallest buildings and structures
• Unfinished building

Notes

1. NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts suggested building space elevator on equatorial floating platform located at the “lightning-free” zone within international waters off the coast of Ecuador, about 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) west of the Galapagos Islands.^[3]

References

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