Milledge Luke Bonham

Milledge Luke Bonham (December 25, 1813 – August 27, 1890) was an American politician and Congressman. He was later the 70th Governor of South Carolina from 1862 until 1864, and a Confederate General during the American Civil War.

Milledge Bonham
1860s portrait of by Bonham, Mathew Brady
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Edgefield County
In office November 27, 1865 – April 16, 1868
70th Governor of South Carolina
In office December 17, 1862 – December 18, 1864
Lieutenant	Plowden Weston
Preceded by	Francis Wilkinson Pickens
Succeeded by	Andrew Gordon Magrath
Member of the Confederate House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th District
In office February 18, 1862 – October 13, 1862
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	William Dunlap Simpson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th district
In office March 4, 1857 – December 21, 1860
Preceded by	Preston S. Brooks
Succeeded by	James H. Goss (1868)
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Edgefield district
In office November 23, 1840 – November 25, 1844
Personal details
Born	(1813-12-25)December 25, 1813 Redbank, South Carolina, US
Died	August 27, 1890(1890-08-27) (aged 76) White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina, US
Military service
Allegiance	United States Confederate States
Branch/service	US Army Confederate States Army
Years of service	1836, 1847–1848 (USA) 1861–1862, 1865 (CSA)
Rank	Colonel (USA) Major General (Militia) Brigadier General (CSA)
Commands	12th U.S. Infantry 1st Brigade, Confederate Army of the Potomac Bonham's Cavalry Brigade
Battles/wars	Seminole War Mexican–American War American Civil War First Battle of Manassas

Early life and career

Bonham was born near Redbank (now Saluda), South Carolina, the son of Maryland native Capt. James Bonham and Sophie Smith Bonham, the niece of Capt. James Butler, who was the head of an illustrious South Carolina family. Milledge was a 1st cousin once removed to Andrew Pickens Butler. He was a descendant of an Englishman named Thomas Butler, who arrived to the American colonies in the 1600s.^[1]

He attended private schools in the Edgefield District and at Abbeville. He graduated with honors from South Carolina College at Columbia in 1834. He served as Captain and adjutant general of the South Carolina Brigade in the Seminole War in Florida in 1836. That same year, his older brother James Butler Bonham died at the Battle of the Alamo.

Bonham studied law and was admitted to the bar, in 1837, and commenced practice in Edgefield. During the Mexican–American War, he was lieutenant colonel (from March 1847) and colonel (from August 1847) of the 12th US Infantry Regiment. Two other members of his regiment, Major Maxcy Gregg and Captain Abner Monroe Perrin, would also become generals in the Civil War. After he returned home, Bonham was the major general of the South Carolina Militia. Entering politics, he served in the state house of representatives from 1840 to 1843. He married Ann Patience Griffin on November 13, 1845. Bonham was solicitor of the southern circuit of South Carolina from 1848 to 1857. He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth United States Congress (succeeding his cousin, Preston Smith Brooks) and the Thirty-sixth United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1857, until his retirement on December 21, 1860.

Gen. Milledge Luke Bonham

Civil War

In early 1861, the Southern states that had seceded from the Union appointed special commissioners to travel to those other slaveholding Southern states that had yet to secede. A slaveowner,^[2] Bonham served as the Commissioner from South Carolina to the Mississippi Secession Convention, and helped to persuade its members that they should also secede from the Union.

Bonham was appointed major general and commander of the Army of South Carolina by Gov. Francis W. Pickens in February 1861. He was appointed brigadier general in the Confederate Army on April 19, 1861, and commanded the First Brigade of the Confederate "Army of the Potomac" under P.G.T. Beauregard. He fought in the First Battle of Manassas, commanding his brigade as well as two artillery batteries and six companies of cavalry in the defense of Mitchell's Ford on Bull Run.

He resigned his commission January 27, 1862, to enter the Confederate Congress. On December 17, 1862, the South Carolina General Assembly elected Bonham as governor by secret ballot. He served until December 1864. During his term, the General Assembly enacted a prohibition against distilling in 1863 and also that year, it demanded that more land be used to grow food instead of cotton to increase the supply of food in the state. Bonham rejoined the Confederate Army as brigadier general of cavalry in February 1865, and was actively engaged in recruiting when the war ended.

Near Greenville, South Carolina a group of troops positioned there, because of worry of federal invasion from North Carolina, named their emplacement, Camp Bonham, in his honor.

Dates of rank

• Major General (South Carolina Militia), February 10, 1861
• Brigadier General, April 23, 1861
• Brigadier General, February 20, 1865

Postbellum activities

Bonham owned an insurance business in Edgefield and in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1865 to 1878. Returning to politics, Bonham was again a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1865 to 1866 and a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1868. He was a member of the South Carolina taxpayers' convention in 1871 and 1874. Retiring from public service, he resumed the practice of law in Edgefield and engaged in planting. He was appointed state railroad commissioner in 1878 and served until his death at White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. He was buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Columbia.^[3]

Two newspaper obituaries (Fisherman and Farmer, Edenton, North Carolina 12 September 1890 and Swain County Herald, Bryson City, North Carolina from 11 Sep 1890) report General Milledge L. Bonham, railroad commissioner, was found dead in his bed in his room at Hawood, White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina from hemorrhage during the night. WSS, North Carolina was a late-nineteenth resort in Surry County near Mount Airy, N.C.

See also

• List of American Civil War Generals (Confederate)
• Bonham House
• Milledge Lipscomb Bonham, his son

References

1. The Descendants of Thomas Pincerna, Progenitor of the Butler Family.
2. Weil, Julie Zauzmer (January 10, 2022). "More than 1,800 congressmen once enslaved Black people. This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation". Washington Post. Retrieved May 5, 2024. Database at "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, January 13, 2022, retrieved April 29, 2024
3. "BONHAM, Milledge Luke 1813–1890". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 30, 2024.

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.

External links

• United States Congress. "Milledge Luke Bonham (id: B000616)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-13
• SCIway Biography of Milledge Luke Bonham
• NGA Biography of Milledge Luke Bonham

Confederate States House of Representatives
Preceded by Position created	Member of the Confederate House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th Congressional District 1862–1862	Succeeded by William Dunlap Simpson
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Preston Brooks	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th congressional district 1857–1860	Succeeded by James H. Goss
Political offices
Preceded by Francis Wilkinson Pickens	Governor of South Carolina 1862–1864	Succeeded by Andrew Gordon Magrath