Raffaele Schiavina (8 April 1894 – 23 November 1987) was an Italian anarchist newspaper editor and writer also known by the pseudonyms Max Sartin, and Bruno. From 1928 to 1970 he edited and wrote for the US-based Italian-language anarchist newspaper L’Adunata dei Refrattari.
Raffaele Schiavina | |
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.jpg) Police photo of Schiavina following his deportation from the US to Italy in 1919 | |
| Born | 8 April 1894 San Carlo, Ferrara, Italy |
| Died | 23 November 1987 (aged 93) Salt Lake City, Utah, US |
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| Partner | Florence Rossi |
Biography
Schiavina was born in the village of San Carlo in Ferrara, Italy to Angelo and Albina Lodi.[1][2] Having finished school, in 1912 he left Italy for the United States, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. In 1914 he read Peter Kropotkin's Memoirs of a Revolutionist, subscribed to the Galleanista newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva, and soon converted to anarchism and became a close follower and friend of insurrectionary anarchist Luigi Galleani.[3][4] In 1916 he became an administrator for Cronaca Sovversiva.[1]
In 1917 Schiavina was arrested for refusing to register for conscription, spending 12 months in prison before being deported back to Italy in June 1919 along with Galleani.[2][3] On arrival in Italy he was imprisoned for desertion before being released in September 1919 as part of a government amnesty. At the beginning of 1920 he moved to Turin where they resumed publishing Cronaca Sovversiva.[1] In Fabriano in August 1921 Schiavina was arrested and accused of being a member of the militant antifascist group Arditi del Popolo, remaining in prison until acquitted in October 1922.[1]
At the start of 1923, with Mussolini having come to power, Schiavina fled Italy to Paris where he worked as a weaver alongside writing for the newspapers La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti and Il Monito. He was active in the French anti-fascist movement and the campaign to free Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, authoring the 1927 book Sacco e Vanzetti.[3][5][6]
In March 1928 he was smuggled into the United States under the pseudonym Max Sartin.[1][5][4] He soon took over the editorship of the New York City based newspaper L’Adunata dei Refrattari, remaining editor until 1970.[3] In 1931 he began a relationship with Florina Rossi, staying together for the rest of his life.[7] Schiavina wrote under various pseudonyms, and regularly used L’Adunata to fiercely criticise fellow anarchist Carlo Tresca, continuing even after Tresca's death.[8] Schiavina died in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1987.[1] Schiavina spent 59 years living under the false identity Max Sartin, fearing that the authorities would identify and deport him.[5][4]
References
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