LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

"LRT Line 1" redirects here. For the light rail transit systems in Indonesia, see Palembang LRT and Cibubur Line.

The Light Rail Transit Line 1, commonly referred to as LRT Line 1 or LRT-1, is a light rapid transit system line in Metro Manila, Philippines, operated by Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) and owned by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as part of the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Originally referred to as Metrorail and the Yellow Line, LRT Line 1 was reclassified to be the Green Line in 2012. It travels in a general north–south direction from Dr. Santos to Monumento, and then east–west from Monumento to Fernando Poe Jr. Currently, the line consists of 25 stations and runs on 25.9 kilometers (16.1 miles)^[6] of fully elevated route. Although it has the characteristics of light rail, such as with the type of rolling stock used, it is more akin to a rapid transit system owing to its total grade separation and high passenger throughput.

LRT Line 1
A southbound LRTA 13000 class train arriving at Monumento station, February 2024
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	Light Rail Transit Authority
Line number	1
Locale	Metro Manila, Philippines
Termini	Fernando Poe Jr. Dr. Santos
Stations	25
Website	LRMC
Service
Type	Light rapid transit
System	Manila Light Rail Transit System
Services	1
Operator(s)	Light Rail Manila Corporation Former operators Meralco Transit Organization (1984–2000) Light Rail Transit Authority (2000–2015)
Depot(s)	Baclaran Zapote (future)
Rolling stock	LRTA 1000 class LRTA 1100 class LRTA 1200 class LRTA 13000 class
Daily ridership	323,000 (2024)[1]
History
Commenced	September 1981; 43 years ago (1981-09)
Opened	December 1, 1984; 39 years ago (1984-12-01)
Last extension	November 16, 2024; 1 day ago (2024-11-16)
Completed	May 12, 1985; 39 years ago (1985-05-12)
Privatized	September 12, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-09-12)
Technical
Line length	25.9 km (16.1 mi)
Number of tracks	Double
Character	Elevated
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Loading gauge	4,050 mm × 2,600 mm (13 ft 3 in × 8 ft 6 in)[2]
Minimum radius	100 m (330 ft) (mainline) 25 m (82 ft) (depot)
Electrification	750 V DC overhead catenary[3]
Operating speed	60 km/h (37 mph)
Signalling	Alstom Atlas 100 ETCS-1 Former systems ACEC fixed block relay-type ATS (1984–2007)[4] Siemens fixed block ATP/ATS (2007–2022)
Maximum incline	3.535% (mainline)[5] 4% (depot spur line)[5]
Average inter-station distance	1.03 km (0.64 mi)
Route diagram Legend extension under construction MMS │Line 3   North Trangle Line 7 3 (  MMS ) MMS ↑ under construction  Fernando Poe Jr. Balintawak E1 / AH 26 (E1) / N160 North Luzon Expressway Quezon City Caloocan Monumento 5th Avenue Caloocan Manila R. Papa Abad Santos Blumentritt Tayuman Bambang Doroteo Jose Recto Line 2 Carriedo Pasig River Central Terminal United Nations Pedro Gil Quirino Vito Cruz Manila Pasay Gil Puyat Libertad EDSA Taft Avenue Line 3 3 Pasay Depot Baclaran Pasay Parañaque Redemptorist MIA Asia World E3 Manila–Cavite Expressway Ninoy Aquino Dr. Santos extension under construction Parañaque Las Piñas ↓ under construction   Las Piñas Las Piñas Bacoor Zapote Depot Zapote Niog This diagram: view talk edit

First envisioned in a 1977 study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates which suggested a street-level railway in Manila, the government revised this recommendation to an elevated system. In 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the LRTA and construction of the line began the following year. With its partial opening in 1984 and completion the following year, it became the first rapid transit service in Southeast Asia.^[7] LRT Line 1 would become one of the busiest among Metro Manila's three rapid transit lines, as it currently serves roughly 323,000 passengers daily.^[1]

The line is integrated with the public transit system in Metro Manila, and passengers also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although the line aimed to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in Metro Manila, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization. Expanding the network's revenue line to accommodate more passengers, through extension projects,^[8] is set on resolving this problem.^[9]

History

Planning and funding

LRTA Class 1000 being built in Bruges in 1982

The Metro Manila Transport, Land Use, and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN), a fourteen-month study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank, recommended the construction of a street-level (at-grade) light rail line in Manila and the proposed four lines that were included in the study that would run along Rizal Avenue, Taft Avenue, España Boulevard, Quezon Avenue, and Shaw Boulevard.^[10][11] A year later, public works secretary Alfredo Juinio announced that the system would consist of streetcars that were seen before the war, and they would accept bids for the project in the next few months.^[12]

Following a review by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, later the Department of Transportation (DOTr), the proposal was revised to an elevated railway to avoid building over the city's many intersections,^[10] while the option for an underground line was rejected due to the high water table in Manila and has a half a meter below sea level;^[13][14] this raised the project's cost from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. An alignment along Rizal and Taft avenues, which spanned from Monumento, Caloocan in the north to Baclaran, Pasay in the south, was selected because it followed a relatively straight path for most of its route.^[10]: 36

On July 12, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and assigned First Lady and Governor of Metro Manila Imelda Marcos as its chairman. While the LRTA confined its roles to policy making, fare regulation, and future planning, the line's operations were assigned to Meralco Transit Organization (Metro, Inc.), a sister company of Meralco. The line came to be referred to as Metrorail.^[15] During that month, a Belgian consortium was chosen over other bids from France, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland.^[14]

The Belgian Government granted a ₱300 million soft and interest-free loan for the project's construction, with a repayment period of 30 years. Additional funding was later sourced from a ₱700 million loan, provided by a Belgian consortium consisting of ACEC, La Brugeoise et Nivelles, Tractionnel Engineering International, and Transurb Consult. The consortium also supplied the line's first light rail vehicles, power control, signalling, and telecommunications, as well as provided training and technical assistance. Designed as a public utility rather than a profit center, the line was expected to incur a deficit through 1993, but complete its repayments within a period of 20 years.^[15]

Construction and opening

The government-owned Construction Development Corporation of the Philippines was the project's sole contractor.^[10]: 36 Single column cast-in-place concrete piers carrying precast concrete T-girders and a concrete deck slab were used for the original line from Monumento to Baclaran. The columns are spaced apart by 20 to 27 meters (66 to 88 ft) rising from a cap on top of bored or driven concrete piles. Four of the 2.1-meter (7 ft) wide girders are side by side in each span to accommodate bidirectional standard-gauge railway tracks located 6.1 meters (20 ft) above the street level.^[13]

Driven piles were originally used for 80 percent of the project, with spread footings being used for the remaining portion. However, during construction, it was determined that bored piles should be utilized in some areas to mitigate noise and avoid potential damage to nearby buildings. Additionally, the original use of stockpiled precast piles caused clutter on the streets during construction.^[13]

In 1981, an economic recession hit the country, and the government was unable to provide counterpart funds for civil works and right-of-way acquisition, which amounted to 60 percent of the project's total cost. This led to a delay in construction.^[11]: 170 Work finally resumed after the economic recession in September of that year along Taft Avenue, between Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and Libertad Street.^[16] In order to make way for Carriedo station and a segment of tracks approaching the Pasig River, a department store and a classroom building nearby FEATI University were demolished.^[10]: 36

The southern section known as Taft Line, which mostly traverses Taft Avenue between the Baclaran and Arroceros stations, was inaugurated on September 11, 1984, by President Ferdinand Marcos. Commercial operations along this section commenced on December 1. It was later extended when Carriedo station was opened on April 14, 1984. The line became fully operational on May 12, 1985, when the Rizal Line, the northern section traversing Rizal Avenue between Carriedo and Monumento, was opened.^[17] During the first several years, two-car trains that could accommodate up to 748 passengers were utilized. This amounted to a capacity of 20,000 passengers per direction.^[18]

In July 2000, with the looming expiration of its contract with the LRTA, a labor strike was launched by employees of Meralco Transit Organization (METRO, Inc.). It paralyzed the operations of the line for a week. The LRTA decided not to renew its contract with METRO, Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and the former assumed operational responsibility.^[19]

Capacity expansion and facelift

The trains procured under the first phase of the capacity expansion in November 2006.

Line 1 would eventually reach capacity by 1990 due to traffic congestion and air pollution. This led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program funded by Japan's official development assistance. The signing of the loan agreement in December 1994 marked the start of the project.^[9] A consortium of Marubeni Corporation, Adtranz, and ABB was tapped in 1996 to execute the ₱4.1 billion project.^[20][21] As part of the initial phase of the expansion project, in addition to structural improvements, Hyundai Precision & Industries supplied seven four-car trains, while the original two-car trains were converted into three-car trains in 1999. In line with the introduction of four-car trains, the station platforms were also extended.^[9] The project was completed in 2002.^[9]

The trains procured under the second phase of the capacity expansion undergoing a test run in November 2006.

On April 7, 2000, a loan agreement was signed by the Philippine government and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC).^[22] JBIC extended an ₱8.893 billion loan for the second phase of the capacity expansion project,^[23] which was initiated in preparation of the expected high demand by 2004 once the railway network in Metro Manila is completed with the full opening of the LRT Line 2.^[24][25]

The implementation of the project was delayed for three years amid allegations of irregularities with the bidding conducted by the LRTA.^[22] The joint venture of Sumitomo Corporation and Itochu was awarded the contract and was given the go-ahead in March 2005, paving the way for the project to move forward.^[26] The second phase of the capacity expansion project was divided into two packages. Package A involves the procurement of twelve four-car trains, upgrades to the signaling and communications systems, and upgrades to the stations and depot. Package B, on the other hand, involves the procurement and installation of air conditioning units for the 1000 class trains, replacement of faulty air conditioning units of the 1100 class trains, renovation of 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) of railway track and railway sleepers, and procurement of equipment and spare parts used for track works. The installation of equipment for the automatic fare collection system was also included.^[24] The project was completed in June 2009, five and a half years behind its initial deadline.^[24]

North extension

Balintawak station, one of the two stations constructed under the north extension project, seen in 2016

With the completion of the first phase of the MRT Line 3 in 1999, there were plans to extend Line 3 towards Monumento (Phase 2) to create a seamless rail loop around Metro Manila.^[27] However, the extension was shelved by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in favor of a 5.7-kilometer (3.5 mi) extension of Line 1 to a common station at North Avenue. The project involved the construction of three stations: Balintawak, Roosevelt (renamed Fernando Poe Jr.), and the North Triangle Common Station. However, due to disputes in the common station's location, the station would only begin construction in 2017, with opening slated for 2025.

Construction began in June 2008.^[28] The joint venture of DMCI and First Balfour built the viaduct and the two stations,^[29] while the electrical and mechanical systems contracts were assigned to different contractors.^[a] Balintawak station opened on March 22, 2010,^[32] with FPJ station opening exactly seven months later.^[33]

In September 2008, then-mayor of Caloocan Enrico Echiverri, petitioned the government to construct Malvar station, an intemediary station between Balintawak and Monumento.^[34] Two months later, two thousand residents from Barangay Bagong Barrio, where the station would be built, staged a protest along EDSA to urge the government to build the station.^[35] Malvar station would eventually be approved in July 2009.^[36] Though it was reported that the feasibility study for the station was completed,^[30] construction has yet to start.

Planned line merge with MRT Line 3

This paragraph is an excerpt from MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila) § Line merge with LRT Line 1.[edit]

A study about the integration of Metro Manila's railway network, published by JICA in 2001, proposes the through-operation of both LRT-1 and the MRT-3, which would have interoperability to create a seamless loop around the region. The trains would start from Monumento before turning back to the mainline of LRT 1 at Pasay Rotonda.^[37][38]

This paragraph is an excerpt from MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila) § Line merge with LRT Line 1.[edit]

Proposals to fully unite LRT-1 and MRT-3 operations and systems have been pitched but has not been pursued so far. Feasibility tests for this proposition included LRT-1 trains visiting MRT 3 depot facilities and running them on the entire line. Even if the structure gauge connecting the two rail lines has been successfully tested,^[39] commuters have to go down at Fernando Poe Jr. station of LRT Line 1 and walk over or take a tricycle or jeepney for the 1-kilometer (0.62 mi) distance to the North Avenue station of MRT Line 3.^[40] In 2011, the Department of Transportation and Communications (precursor to the DOTr), under Transportation Secretary Jose de Jesus, launched an auction for a temporary five-year operations and maintenance contract for the two lines; the bidding was set for July. Over twenty-four companies expressed interest to bid which included Ayala Corporation, Bombardier Transportation, CAF, Metro Pacific, Sumitomo Corporation, Siemens, DMCI Holdings, San Miguel Corporation, and others.^[41] De Jesus later resigned from the DOTC in June for personal reasons,^[42] and his successor, Mar Roxas, halted the auction process and was later shelved.^[43]

This paragraph is an excerpt from MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila) § Line merge with LRT Line 1.[edit]

The proposal to integrate the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 was revived in June 2024 by Metro Pacific Investments. The company, which holds a majority stake in LRT Line 1 operator Light Rail Manila Corporation, submitted an unsolicited proposal to integrate the operations of the two lines.^[44] It is now under review by DOTr and has been endorsed to the former by the PPP Center, after initially rejecting it due to being incomplete in substance. The proposed line merger will run both LRT-1 and MRT-3 trains on the same track, while resolving outstanding issues such as the Dalian trains, supply chain and potential line expansion.^[45]

Extension to Cavite

Construction of the Cavite Extension Project viaduct near the Manila–Cavite Expressway in September 2021.

The girder launcher along Radial Road 1 in front of Uniwide Coastal Mall in November 2021.

Plans to build a new railway line to Cavite were pitched in the 1990s as the original LRT Line 6, which would have been running between Baclaran station of LRT Line 1 and Bacoor for about 12 kilometers (7.5 mi), but the actual route is 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) from Baclaran to Zapote, and it would have also been using a heavy rail vehicle (HRV) consisting of six cars with a formation of 10 units (60 units) with a maximum speed of 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph) and a 3-minute headway, as well as the electrification would be using a 25 kV AC overhead lines. The project proposal was submitted by the Public Estates Authority (PEA, now the Philippine Reclamation Authority), and the Australia-based TGM completed the pre-feasibility study in 1997.^[46][47] The proposal was also identified in the Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study Master Plan by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. This would have constructed a 12-to-15-kilometer (7.5 to 9.3 mi) elevated railway from Baclaran to Imus, with extensions leading to Cavite City (10 km; 6.2 mi), Dasmariñas (14.5 km; 9.0 mi), Airport, Sucat (9 km; 5.6 mi), and Alabang (12 km; 7.5 mi).^[48] However, the project never materialized.

Planning and inception

The extension was first approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) on August 25, 2000, while its implementing agreement was approved on January 22, 2002, to be undertaken by SNC-Lavalin as a public-private partnership project.^[49][50] After this proposal was terminated on May 3, 2006,^[51] the government worked with International Finance Corporation, White & Case, Halcrow and other consultants to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the extension and for a forty-year concession to run the extended line.^[51][52] The project was later shelved, but on February 25, 2010, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo revived plans to extend the line to Cavite.^[53]

Development

On March 22, 2012,^[54] Arroyo's successor, President Benigno Aquino III approved the ₱60-billion Cavite Extension Project.^[55] Dubbed as the biggest infrastructure project under his presidency, the bidding process started on June 4.^[56] Although it attracted huge interest from foreign and local firms,^[57] four managed to pre-qualify.^[58] However, the bidding itself failed in August 2013 due to all but one bidder withdrawing from the process due to financial risks, leaving the lone bidder—Metro Pacific Investments—submitting a conditional, non-compliant bid.^[59]

The extension, at its current iteration, was approved on November 21, 2013, by the NEDA Board.^[60] The project was subsequently rebidded and on September 12, 2014, the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) was awarded the 32-year concession to operate, maintain, and extend the line to Cavite.^[61] The concession agreement was signed on October 2,^[62] with the turnover taking place on September 12, 2015.^[63] It then contracted RATP Dev, under its subsidiary RATP Dev Transdev Asia (a joint venture between Transdev and RATP Dev), to operate and maintain the line for twenty years.^[64][65]

Construction

On May 4, 2017, the 11.7-kilometer (7.3-mile) Cavite Extension broke ground.^[66][67] Another ceremony was held on May 7, 2019, to mark the start of construction,^[68] although civil works began the following September 1.^[69] The line would be extended from Parañaque southwards, connecting Las Piñas and Bacoor to the Mega Manila railway network. It calls for the construction of eight stations (Redemptorist, MIA, Asia World, Ninoy Aquino, Dr. Santos, Las Piñas, Zapote, Niog) and another two planned stations (Manuyo Uno and Talaba), the construction of three intermodal facilities, one satellite depot at Zapote, and mass upgrades to the existing Baclaran depot. Expected to cater more than 800,000 passengers daily once completed,^[66][67] it would be the third rail line extending outside the Metro Manila area (after the east extension of Line 2 and the construction of Line 7).^[70] Plans were also pitched in August 2023 by businessman Manny Villar to take over the extension project, noting the difficulty of LRMC extending the line to Cavite due to right-of-way issues. A portion of the extension will pass by Villar's properties in Las Piñas and, according to Villar, right-of-way acquisition "will not be a problem". He also plans to further extend the line into Cavite province should the unsolicited proposal be approved.^[71]

LRMC partnered with Bouygues for civil works,^[72] Alstom for the installation of the signaling and communication systems,^[73] and the RATP Dev Transdev Asia for the overall engineering, procurement, consultation, construction and assistance services.^[74] The extension was built using a full-span launching method, renowned as one of the fastest methods of construction for bridges and elevated viaducts, which cuts time and total land space needed for construction. As the first railway line to utilize the new construction method, a total of 203 pi-girders were used for the construction of the extension's first phase;^[75] the last of which was laid on February 7, 2022.^[76]

The ₱64.915 billion project has suffered cost overruns by an estimated two to three billion pesos as a result of construction delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and pending right-of-way issues.^[77] It is divided in three phases—the 6.2-kilometer (3.9 mi) Phase 1 covers five stations from Redemptorist to Dr. Santos, Phase 2 covering 3.2 kilometers (2.0 mi) from Las Piñas to Zapote, and Phase 3 covers the remaining 2.4 kilometers (1.5 mi) to Niog.^[78] The project would be implemented in a hybrid funding scheme, with ₱17.80 billion from the Japanese official development assistance loan, ₱39.57 billion from the LRMC, and ₱7.55 billion from the Philippine government.^[78][79]

Opening

Tracks approaching Redemptorist station

On December 19, 2023, the first test run along the extension was successfully conducted by Alstom using an LRTA 1100 class train.^[80] On November 15, 2024, Phase 1 of the extension was inaugurated by President Bongbong Marcos; it opened for commercial operations the following day, while the opening of phases 2 and 3 are expected by 2031.^[81] The extension project is expected increase the ridership of the line by adding over 80,000 passengers daily in the first few years upon completion, and is set to increase to a total of 650,000 daily passengers in 2028.^[1]

Route

The line is predominantly aligned to the path of Taft Avenue (Radial Road 2) which was chosen largely due to its straight course. Later on, as Taft Avenue ends, it shifts to Rizal Avenue and Rizal Avenue Extension (Radial Road 9) then turning right on EDSA before ending at the corner of North Avenue, West Avenue, and EDSA. The south extension will span from Quirino Avenue, Harrison Avenue, and Taft Avenue Extension intersection, then would travel down from Redemptorist Road, Roxas Boulevard, and Manila–Cavite Expressway, afterwards, it will traverse through the Parañaque River and will enter Ninoy Aquino Avenue until reaching and traversing the C5 Extension Road; and will once again enter Coastal Road, crossing the Las Piñas-Bacoor Boundary Bridge along the Zapote River, and traverse through the Alabang–Zapote Road and Aguinaldo Highway intersection, until reaching Niog station located along Bacoor Boulevard in Bacoor, Cavite.

The line links the cities of Quezon City, Caloocan, Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque, with the upcoming stations passing through the cities of Las Piñas, and Bacoor in Cavite.

Stations

The line currently serves 25 stations along its route.^[82] Following the opening of the first phase of the Cavite extension, three remaining stations, which are part of the second and third phases, are also set to start construction south of Dr. Santos by 2026. ^[83] Malvar station in Caloocan was previously proposed during the construction of the northern extension located between Monumento and Balintawak, becoming a bargaining object during the entire extension line's construction in the jurisdiction of Caloocan. However, the planned Malvar station was completely shelved by the Aquino administration.^[84]

Three stations serve as connecting stations between other lines in the metro. Doroteo Jose is indirectly connected to Recto of the LRT Line 2 through a covered walkway; Blumentritt is immediately above its PNR Metro Commuter Line counterpart; and EDSA is connected to the Taft Avenue station via a covered walkway. No stations are connected to other rapid transit lines within the paid areas. A connection with the Metro Manila Subway in Asia World is also planned.^[85]

LRT Line 1 stations timeline

Date opened	Project	Stations
December 1, 1984	Partial operations	Baclaran – Central Terminal
April 14, 1985		Carriedo
May 12, 1985	Initial completion	Doroteo Jose – Monumento
March 22, 2010	North Extension	Balintawak
October 22, 2010		Fernando Poe Jr.
November 16, 2024	Cavite Extension Phase 1	Redemptorist – Dr. Santos
January 2025	North Extension	North Triangle
2031	Cavite Extension Phases 2 and 3	Las Piñas – Niog

Legend

†	Existing terminus

List of stations

Name	Distance (km)		Connections	Location
	Between stations	Total
North Triangle	—	—	Interchange with Manila MRT 3 Manila MRT  MMS  North Avenue Bus routes  18   33   64  SM North EDSA	Quezon City
Fernando Poe Jr. †	—	0.000	EDSA Carousel  1  Roosevelt
Balintawak	1.870	1.870	EDSA Carousel  1  Balintawak Bus routes  5   8   9   13   19   20   21   22   37   38   40   52  Ayala Malls Cloverleaf
Monumento	2.250	4.120	EDSA Carousel  1  Monumento Bus routes  9   14   35   37   42   54  Monumento	Caloocan
5th Avenue	1.087	5.207	Bus routes  8   14   22   35   42   54  5th Avenue
R. Papa	0.954	6.161	Bus routes  8   42   54  R. Papa	Manila
Abad Santos	0.660	6.821	Bus routes  8   42   54  Abad Santos
Blumentritt	0.927	7.748	PNR Blumentritt Bus routes  42  Blumentritt
Tayuman	0.671	8.419	Bus routes  42  Tayuman
Bambang	0.618	9.037	Bus routes  42  Bambang
Doroteo Jose	0.648	9.685	Manila LRT Recto Manila MRT 8 Lerma Bus routes  13   19   20   21  Avenida  42  Recto
Carriedo	0.685	10.370	Bus routes  42  Escolta  2   3   5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   48   49   53  Quiapo Pasig River Ferry Service Escolta Ferry Station
Central Terminal	0.725	11.095	Bus routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   52   53   54  Lawton Pasig River Ferry Service Lawton Ferry Station
United Nations	1.214	12.309	Bus routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53   54  UN Avenue
Pedro Gil	0.754	13.063	Bus routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53  P. Gil
Quirino	0.794	13.857	Bus routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53  Quirino
Vito Cruz	0.827	14.684	Bus routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53  V. Cruz
Gil Puyat	1.061	15.745	Bus routes  5   6   7   10   11   12   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53   62  Buendia  4  Taft Avenue	Pasay
Libertad	0.730	16.475
EDSA	1.010	17.485	Manila MRT 3 Taft Avenue EDSA Carousel  1  Taft Avenue
Baclaran	0.588	18.073
Redemptorist	0.869	18.942	Bus routes  35   49  Baclaran	Parañaque
MIA	1.303	20.245	Bus routes  35   49  MIA Road
Asia World	1.141	21.386	EDSA Carousel  1  PITX Bus routes  4   5   6   7   14   18   22   23   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   34   43   47   52   55   65  PITX
Ninoy Aquino	1.393	22.779	Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 1
Dr. Santos †	1.646	24.425
Las Piñas	—	—		Las Piñas
Zapote	—	—	Bus routes  23   27   29   31   32  Longos	Bacoor, Cavite
Niog	—	—	Proposed interchange with Manila LRT 6 Bus routes  27   29   31  Niog  32  St. Dominic
Stations, lines, and/or other transport connections in italics are either under construction, proposed, unopened, or have been closed.

Operation

The line operates from 4:30 a.m. PST (UTC+8) until 10:15 p.m. on weekdays, and 5:00 a.m. until 9:45 p.m on weekends and holidays.^[86] It operates almost every day of the year unless otherwise announced. Special schedules are announced via the PA system in every station and also in newspapers and other mass media. During Holy Week, a public holiday in the Philippines, the rail line is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes after Easter Sunday.^[87] During the Christmas season, operating hours are shortened to allow its staff to celebrate the holidays with their families.^[88]

Station facilities, amenities, and services

Baclaran station in 2008

All stations in Line 1 are elevated, with the exception of Zapote station.

Station layout and accessibility

Most stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates. Some stations tend to have a concourse level below the platforms. The single-level stations of Line 1, however, was not built with accessibility in mind, due to the lack of barrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. Some stations, such as Monumento and EDSA, are connected at concourse level to nearby buildings, such as shopping malls, for easier accessibility. Some trains have spaces for passengers using wheelchairs.

Folding bicycles are allowed to be brought into trains provided that they do not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of 2 by 2 feet (20 by 20 in).^[89] The last car of each train are also designated as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes.^[90]

All stations have side platforms except for Baclaran, which has one side and one island platform. Due to the high patronage of the line, part of the platform corresponding to the front car of the train is cordoned off for the use of women, children, elderly and disabled passengers.^[91]

Shops and services

Inside the concourse of some stations are stalls or shops where people can buy food or drinks. Stalls vary by station, and some have fast food stalls. The number of stalls also varies by station, and some stations tend to have a wide variety.

Stations such as FPJ (WalterMart Muñoz), Balintawak (Ayala Malls Cloverleaf), Monumento (SM City Grand Central and Victory Central Mall Caloocan), Tayuman (SM City San Lazaro), Carriedo (Good Earth Plaza and SM Quiapo), Central Terminal (SM City Manila), Pedro Gil (Robinsons Manila), Vito Cruz (University Mall), Libertad (Victory Pasay Mall), EDSA (Metro Point Mall), Baclaran (Baclaran Super Mall), Redemptorist (Parqal), Dr. Santos (SM City Sucat), and the upcoming North Triangle (SM North EDSA and Trinoma) are connected to or are near shopping malls and/or other large shopping areas, where commuters are offered more shopping varieties.

It is also accessible to major transport terminals in Metro Manila such as Avenida Bus Terminal via Doroteo Jose, Plaza Lawton via Central Terminal, Buendia Bus Terminal via Gil Puyat, Pasay Rotonda via EDSA, Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange via Asia World, and the upcoming North Triangle Common Station via North Triangle.

Ridership

The current designed daily ridership of the line is 560,000 passengers^[92] and currently aims to increase the number of passengers being served on the line to more than 800,000 passengers, as the line's south extension is set to be fully operational by 2031. On 2022, the line served a daily average of 216,667, while the annual total of passengers served reached 78 million.^[93]

On January 9, 2012, the line served a record 620,987 passengers during the Feast of the Black Nazarene, and since the day falls on a working weekday.^[94] In 2018, the line carried 300,000 to 500,000 passengers daily, due to the increased number of trains, from 86 vehicles to 113 vehicles available for daily trips. This gradually reduces the waiting time of passengers from 5 minutes to as much as 2 to 3.5 minutes.^[95][96] It also carried as much as 14.63 million passengers monthly in 2018.^[95] However, as of 2023, the waiting time has been officially reported at 5 to 6 minutes.^[97] On the first few quarters of 2024, the line served a daily average ridership of 298,740 passengers,^[98] and in the later months, the line served over 323,000 passengers daily.^[1]

Rolling stock

Different types of rolling stock at the line's depot in Baclaran.

The line utlizes a variety of trains in its history and has used three different configurations, such as two-car, three-car, and four-car trainsets. The two-car trains are the original first-generation BN and ACEC trains (railway cars numbered from 1000). Most were transformed into three-car trains, although a limited number of two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation Hyundai Precision / Adtranz (1100), third-generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo (1200), and fourth-generation Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) / Mitsubishi (13000).^{[99][100][101]} There are 259 railway cars grouped into 126 trains serving the line: 63 of these are first-generation, 28 second-generation, 48 third-generation, and 120 fourth-generation cars. Some of the cars, especially those from 1st generation, were decommissioned due to them being cannibalized or involved in accidents. Such as 1037, which was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings in 2000, it was subsequently decommissioned afterwards and eventually scrapped.^[3][102] The trains are permitted to run at a maximum operating speed of 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph).^[103][104]

Since 1999, the line's fleet has been modernized to cope with increasing numbers of passengers. In that year, seven four-car second-generation trains from Hyundai Precision were commissioned, providing an increased train capacity of 1,358 passengers while the original two-car trains capable of holding 748 passengers were transformed into three-car trains with room for 1,122.^[99] In 2006, twelve new trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo were commissioned, providing a capacity of 1,388 passengers.^{[23][100][105][106]} The fourth-generation trains, ordered in 2017 to replace the first-generation trains, were delivered in batches from 2021 to 2022 before entering revenue service on July 20, 2023.^[107][108]

Prior to 1999, the first-generation trains were notorious for its lack of air conditioning, relying instead on forced-air roof ventilation for cooling.^[109] This, however, resulted in hot and stuffy rides. Although the entry of the second-generation trains in 1999 marked the introduction of air-conditioned trains in the line, the problem was fully addressed after a preparatory rehabilitation program completed in 2001 allowed the installation of air conditioners to the older rolling stock in 2004.^{[110][111][112]}

LRMC has also built an in-house laboratory for production, manufacturing, fabrication and repair of train parts that are no longer available in the market.^[113]

The Passenger Assist Railway Display System, a passenger information system powered by LCD screens installed near the ceiling of the train that shows news, advertisements, current train location, arrivals and station layouts, are already installed in the third-generation trains, along with the trains of Line 2 and the first-generation trains of Line 3. By 2023, these units were discreetly removed and, prior to removal, were no longer operating.

Rolling stock of LRT Line 1

First-generation 1000 class (1984)

Second-generation 1100 class (1999)

Third-generation 1200 class (2006)

Fourth-generation 13000 class (2023)

Depot

Under-construction satellite depot in Barangay Zapote V, Bacoor, Cavite

The line maintains an at-grade depot in Pasay, near Baclaran, Parañaque. It serves as the center of the operations and maintenance of the line. It is connected to the mainline through a spur line. Before its expansion, the depot had a capacity of 145 light rail vehicles and an area of 6.4 hectares (16 acres).^[114] It was expanded to an area of 10.6 hectares (26 acres) to accommodate 197 vehicles, with Shimizu Corporation and First Balfour implementing the project.^[115] Expansion works were completed after the depot was inaugurated on February 23, 2022.^[116]

A satellite depot is being constructed in Zapote V, Bacoor, Cavite as part of the line's south extension project. When completed, the satellite depot will handle 72 light rail vehicles and is also the location of the namesake station.^[115]

Other infrastructure

Signaling

Two-aspect signal lights (Alstom) near Doroteo Jose station

Throughout its history, the line used different signaling systems. The line currently uses the Alstom Atlas 100 solution based on ETCS Level 1.

The original signaling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay-type trackside systems. Trains had an automatic train stop system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. Based on a procurement plan published by the Light Rail Transit Authority, most of the signaling equipment, including track circuits, was supplied by ACEC.^[4]

In 2007, as part of a capacity expansion project, the original system was replaced with a train control system based on automatic train protection (ATP) and automatic train supervision (ATS); the fixed-block system was provided by Siemens Transportation Systems and BBR Verkehrstechnik. The ATP system monitors the speed of the trains, while the ATS system directs train operations. Prior to the 2022 upgrade, the signalling system was designed to operate at a headway of 112 seconds.^[3][117] Aside from the ATP and ATS systems, its subsystems include train detection through axle counters, and microprocessor-based interlocking.^[117]

The signaling system was again upgraded as part of the line's south extension. Alstom was awarded a contract in February 2016 to supply its Atlas 100 ETCS Level 1 solution for the south extension and upgrade the existing system.^[73] Between November 2021 and January 2022, the new system underwent testing and commissioning. The Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) announced the completion of the upgrades on February 1, 2022.^[118]

Tracks

LRT Line 1 uses a combination of ballasted, slab, and concrete plinth tracks. Ballasted tracks are found in the original line, while ballastless and plinth sections are found on newer sections.

The tracks have three types: ballasted, slab tracks and concrete plinth. Ballasted sections are found in the original 15-kilometer (9.3-mile) section from Baclaran to Monumento, while slab tracks are found in the north extension, and the newer Cavite extension uses concrete plinths, like the MRT-3 and LRT-2. For the ballasted and ballastless tracks, the rails are supported by twin-block concrete railroad ties, and have a track center distance of 3.2 meters (10 feet).^[117][119]

The tracks in the original 13.8-kilometer (8.6-mile) line consist of 50-kilogram-per-meter (100-pound-per-yard) rails designed to the EB 50T rail profile, while the tracks in the future extension line consist of 54-kilogram-per-meter (110-pound-per-yard) rails designed to the UIC 54 rail profile.^[5]

Due to the deterioration of the rail tracks in the original line, speed restrictions were implemented in 2011, decreasing the line's operating speed limit to 40 kilometers per hour (25 mph), except for the north extension, in which trains continued to run at 60 km/h (37 mph).^[120] In 2012, a contract to replace 23 kilometers (14 miles) of rails was awarded to the joint venture of Oriental and Motolite Marketing Corporation, Korail, Erin-Marty Fabricators Company, Inc., and Jorgman Construction and Development Corporation.^[121] However, there were delays in the project implementation until February 2014, when the then-Department of Transportation and Communications issued a notice to proceed for the joint venture.^[122] The first phase of the replacement started in 2014,^[123] while the rails at Monumento station were replaced in March 2015.^[124] The first phase of the rail replacement was completed in December 2015.^[125]

The second and final phase of replacement works commenced in August 2016 by the Light Rail Manila Corporation,^[125] which contracted Joratech^[126] to replace 26,458 lineal meters (86,804 ft) of rails^[125] and was completed in 2017.^[127] This was intended to increase the operating speed from 40 kilometers per hour (25 miles per hour) to 60 kilometers per hour (37 miles per hour) and was achieved on April 5, 2021.^[120]

Incidents and accidents

Rizal Day bombings

Main article: Rizal Day bombings

On December 30, 2000, during the Rizal Day, a 1000 class LRV train (Car number 1037) was involved in the Rizal Day bombings at Blumentritt station. The attack on the line killed some 22 people and injured hundreds. Eight members of both Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which include Hambal, Asia's most wanted man, and Fathur Rahman al-Ghozi, were charged with plotting and masterminding the attacks in 2003, some three years after the attacks. Three suspects were put on trial,^[128][129] with al-Ghozi receiving 17 years in prison due to the illegal possession of explosives. Al-Ghozi later died in a firefight after attempting to escape from prison.

Other incidents

• On January 3, 2008, a fire blazed at a shopping mall in Baclaran. Due to the smoke, the Baclaran station was temporarily closed. A provisional service was implemented between EDSA and Monumento (at the time, the north extension was not opened yet), with southbound trains still proceeding towards Baclaran to only serve as a turnback siding.^[130] The station remained closed the following day^[131] until it was reopened a few days later.^{[citation needed]}
• On August 11, 2008, a fire blazed in a mall near the Baclaran station. The station was closed to the public until the station was reopened on August 13.^[132]
• On December 8, 2008, a train encountered a glitch while approaching Carriedo station.^[133]
• On February 18, 2011, two trains (1G and 3G) collided near Fernando Poe Jr. station in Quezon City at the reversing tracks, around a kilometer away to the east. There were no passengers on board when the incident happened. The cause of the collision is yet to be determined, whether due to driver error or technical malfunction.^[134]
• On April 15, 2011, a door malfunction disrupted the operations of Line 1 at Blumentritt station.^[135]
• On June 21, 2011, at 8:00 AM, a train suffered a short circuit in one of its electrical components at Libertad station. On the same day, at 2:23 PM, a power cable was hit by lightning, disrupting the line's operations for three hours.^[136]
• On August 30, 2012, at 5:50 AM, a woman committed suicide after jumping in front of an approaching train at EDSA station. Operations were disrupted until operations resumed at 9:40 AM.^[137]
• On December 21, 2012, a train stalled at the Monumento station.^[138]
• On November 14, 2014, a signaling fault at Fernando Poe Jr. station limited the operations between Monumento and Baclaran stations. The situation normalized at 3:57 PM.^[139]
• On May 23, 2015, thousands of passengers were stranded after two trains (1G and 3G) collided near the Monumento station. A train driver was hurt after the impact caused his head to slam into the dashboard of the train.^[140] The accident, later revealed to be caused by power fluctuation that affected the signalling system, forced passengers to alight from the station until services was restored around 1 pm at the same day.^[141]
• On March 10, 2016, a 1G train car door was left open while running between Central Terminal and Pedro Gil stations. The problem was fixed at the Pedro Gil station.^[142]
• On March 22, 2016, the doors of a 1G train car at the Central Terminal station failed to open, leaving passengers trapped inside the train.^[143][144]
• On September 26, 2016, a faulty door in a 1G train car suddenly slammed shut in less than a second. No one was injured.^[145]
• On November 6, 2017, a man's leg got stuck when a train door closed at the Gil Puyat station. The man was dragged at the platform when the train was moving, leaving the man with severe injuries. The man was then sent to a nearby hospital, where he was confined in an intensive care unit. According to a report, a number of trains, particularly the 1000 class (1G) trains, do not have sensors, that detects an object between doors.^[146]
• On November 27, 2017, an 1100 class (2G) train door malfunctioned after a passenger forcibly opened it at Vito Cruz station, causing the sensor to malfunction. The train continued its journey with the door left open, and a passenger recorded this incident on camera.^[147]
• On February 20, 2018, at around 6:00am, a train at R. Papa station unloaded 120 passengers after the air pressure gauge inside the train malfunctioned. The operations returned to normal 30 minutes later.^[148]
• On July 21, 2018, at around 6:00 AM, a contact wire sparked near Libertad station. A provisional service between Fernando Poe Jr. and United Nations stations was implemented. Normal operations resumed at 2:59 PM after the cable was fixed.^[149]
• On September 26, 2018, a faulty 1G train door was unable to open at the Balintawak station. A passenger pushed the door open and was able to disembark. The next passenger pushed the door but it abruptly closed on him but managed to get through.^[150]
• On October 3, 2019, a mechanical problem limited the LRT-1 operations between Monumento and Baclaran stations. The operations returned to normal at 1:50 AM.^[151]
• On November 6, 2020, a 1G train car emitted smoke at Gil Puyat station at 2:00 PM due to a catenary fault. Passengers were evacuated, and the line implemented a provisional service from Balintawak to Central Terminal and vice versa.^[152] The situation normalized at 8:00 PM.^[153]
• On April 4, 2022, a train suffered a glitch at Tayuman station, causing a speed restriction of 25 kilometers per hour (16 miles per hour). Operations normalized at 7:34 AM.^[154]
• On February 17, 2023, operations were limited between Fernando Poe Jr. and Gil Puyat due to electrical problems.^[155]
• On April 14, 2023, at 10:17 AM, a speed restriction of 25 kilometers per hour (16 miles per hour) was put in place in the whole train line due to the reported fault of the affected LRV.^[156] At 10:25 AM, the operations stop in whole line due to the fault of affected train at Bambang station northbound^[157] and the line implemented a provisional service from Baclaran to Central Terminal and vice versa at 10:52 AM.^[158] Operations normalized from Baclaran to Fernando Poe Jr. and vice versa at 11:01 AM.^[159]
• On June 25, 2024, in the afternoon, the Manila Police District (MPD) clarified that a 50-year-old woman who was initially reported to have jumped onto the LRT-1 tracks actually lost consciousness and fell onto the tracks. The incident happened at Doroteo Jose Station, causing the temporary suspension of LRT-1 operations. The woman has a history of hypertension and stroke and is still hospitalized.^[160]
• On October 24, 2024, amidst the onslaught of Severe Tropical Storm Kristine (Trami), two separate incidents occurred. A tree fell on an electrical post between the EDSA and Libertad stations, disrupting the power supply in the area. As a result, limited operations were implemented between Fernando Poe Jr. and Central Terminal stations.^[161] Additionally, this was preceded by a separate electrical fault that occurred between the Pedro Gil and Quirino stations, which initially resulted in a 25 km/h speed restriction, until the whole line stopped running to allow for repairs. Full operations resumed at 6:10 AM the next day.

Notes

1. List of contractors:^[30][31]
   Signaling: DMCI-BETA-TEWET JV
   Telecommunications: Alcatel-Lucent
   Fare collection system: AP Trans SA
   Trackworks: Daxi-Frateur de Pourcq JV

References

1. "LRT-1 Cavite Extension to open 5 stations this month". BusinessWorld Online. November 7, 2024.
2. Section VI – 3 Drawings (PDF). Part 2. Employer’s Requirements - LRT Line 1 – 4th Generation Rolling Stock (Report). Department of Transportation (Philippines). October 16, 2015. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
3. Department of Transportation and Communications; Light Rail Transit Authority (June 4, 2012). MANILA LRT1 EXTENSION, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROJECT (PDF). Public-Private Partnership Center (Report). Retrieved June 7, 2020.
4. "PROCUREMENT PLAN 2007 - SIGNALLING SPARE PARTS - IMPORTED ITEMS" (PDF). Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 30, 2006. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
5. BIDDING DOCUMENTS - Part 2 for Procurement of New Rolling Stock LRV (4th Generation) (PDF). LRT 1-South (Cavite) Extension Project (Report). Department of Transportation (Philippines). 2015. pp. 98–103, 121, 126, 148–149. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
6. "Manila". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
7. Marasigan, Lorenz S. (January 28, 2021). "New trains for LRT-1 arrive in PHL". BusinessMirror. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
8. Balinbin, Arjay L. (January 18, 2021). "LRT-1 Cavite Extension more than halfway complete, Transport dep't says". BusinessWorld. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
9. Japan International Cooperation Agency (2004). Metro Manila LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (PDF) (Report). Retrieved December 4, 2021.
10. Satre, Gary L. (June 1998). "The Metro Manila LRT System — A Historical Perspective" (PDF). Japan Railway & Transport Review. Vol. 16. EJRCF. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
11. Provision of Travelway Space for Urban Public Transport in Developing Countries. UN-HABITAT. 1993. ISBN 9789211312201. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
12. "Streetcars for Manila". The Straits Times. October 5, 1978. p. 1.
13. "Light rail transit rides high; Elevated route is designed to clear snarled traffic below". Engineering News-Record. McGraw Hill Education. January 20, 1983. p. 54.
14. "Manila to start building LRT next year". The Straits Times. October 7, 1980. p. 7.
15. "LRTA History". Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original on June 9, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
16. "The LRT Line 1 System – The Green Line". Light Rail Transit Authority. July 14, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
17. "The LRT as a Component of Metro Manila's Transport Systems" (PDF). Philippine Planning Journal. XVII (1). School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines: 33-45. October 1985. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
18. Rimmer, Peter J. (2013). Rikisha to Rapid Transit: Urban Public Transport Systems and Policy in Southeast Asia. Elsevier. pp. 190–191. ISBN 9781483150529.
19. Abadilla, Emmie V. (August 1, 2000). "LRT operations revert to gov't, Metro contract expires". Manila Bulletin.
20. Marcelo, Ellen S. (August 29, 1996). "P2.77-B LRT I contract awarded : Marubeni - ABB group wins". Manila Bulletin.
21. Villegas, Paul N. (September 24, 1996). "LRTA, Marubeni Corp. sign P1.94-B pact to expand LRT 1". Business World.
22. Araneta, Sandy (April 3, 2005). "RP urged to speed up LRT expansion". The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
23. "PGMA, Japan PM inaugurate 3G trains" (Press release). Light Rail Transit Authority. December 7, 2006. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
24. Japan International Cooperation Agency (2012). Ex-Post Evaluation of Japanese ODA Loan Project - LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (II) (PDF) (Report). Retrieved December 4, 2021.
25. "LRT to get facelift with new modernization program, says administrator". The Philippine Star. April 9, 2000. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
26. Araneta, Sabdy (March 20, 2005). "P8.5-billion LRT-1 expansion approved". The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
27. "MRTC gets support on Edsa MRT-3 phase 2 project". The Philippine Star. February 24, 2003. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
28. "History of MRT3". Retrieved November 11, 2023.
29. "LRT 1 North Extension". First Balfour. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
30. "Project Updates - The LRT Line 1 North Extension Project". Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
31. CHAPTER 5 - PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (PDF). PREPARATORY STUDY FOR LRT LINE 2 EXTENSION PROJECT - FINAL REPORT (Report). October 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
32. "LRT opens Balintawak station". ABS-CBN News. March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
33. Calonzo, Andreo C. (October 22, 2010). "DOTC: LRT Line 1's Roosevelt Station now open". GMA News Online. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
34. Laude, Pete (September 15, 2008). "Caloocan wants LRT station in Bagong Barrio". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
35. Laude, Pete; Botial, Jerry (November 4, 2008). "Caloocan residents want additional LRT station". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
36. Lectura, Lenie (December 22, 2010). "Feasibility study for P1.2-B LRT Malvar station ready". Business Mirror. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
37. "The study on the standardization for Integrated Railway Network of Metro Manila (SIRNMM) final report" (PDF). March 2001. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
38. "The study on the standardization for Integrated Railway Network of Metro Manila (SIRNMM) final report : main report".
39. Ronda, Rainier Allan (February 11, 2010). "LRT trains can run on MRT to solve overloading woes". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
40. Chanco, Boo (January 2, 2013). "P-Noy can't deliver MRT-3 upgrades". Philstar. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
41. "Ayala, San Miguel, Meralco, 21 others interested in MRT-3, LRT-1". ABS-CBN News. April 14, 2011. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
42. "DOTC chief de Jesus resigns". ABS-CBN News. June 1, 2011. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
43. Montecillo, Paolo G. (July 13, 2011). "DOTC reviews MRT-LRT central station project". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
44. Mercurio, Richmond (June 10, 2024). "MPIC proposes to integrate operations of MRT-3, LRT-1". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
45. "For seamless Metro travel: PPP Center endorses Pangilinan group's integration proposal for MRT3, LRT1". June 14, 2024.
46. "MMUTIS Appendices" (PDF). Retrieved May 13, 2024.
47. "フィリピン国マニラ首都圏鉄道標準化調査事前調査報告書" (PDF).
48. "METRO MANILA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INTEGRATION STUDY TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7: TRANSPORTATION PROJECT REVIEW" (PDF). Japan International Corporation Agency. 1999. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
49. Valencia, L. B. (April 1, 2002). "$850-M LRT EXTENSION TO CAVITE STARTS IN NOVEMBER". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
50. Valencia, L. B. (September 15, 2004). "LRT1 Extension Expected to Start Construction by 2005". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on April 15, 2005. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via Light Rail Transit Authority.
51. "Transaction Overview" (PDF). MANILA LRT LINE 1 SOUTH EXTENSION PROJECT. Light Rail Transit Authority. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2007. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
52. "INVITATION TO SUBMIT EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST AND CALL FOR REGISTRATION" (PDF). MANILA LRT LINE 1 SOUTH EXTENSION PROJECT. Light Rail Transit Authority. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2007. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
53. Montecillo, Paolo (February 25, 2010). "Arroyo wants LRT-1 extended to Cavite". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
54. "Timeline: LRT, MRT construction". The Philippine Star. July 19, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
55. Ang, Dean (March 23, 2012). "Government approves LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension Project". AutoIndustriya.com. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
56. "Gov't invites investors to bid for LRT-1 extension". Rappler. June 4, 2012. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
57. Periabras, Rosalie (July 11, 2012). "LRT-1 extension bidding gets huge interest". The Manila Times. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Public-Private Partnership Center.
58. Periabras, Rosalie (July 11, 2012). "LRT-1 extension bidding gets huge interest". The Manila Times. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Public-Private Partnership Center.
59. "LRT-1 Cavite extension bidding 'a failure'". Rappler. August 29, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
60. Tan, Kimberly Jane (November 21, 2013). "NEDA approves MRT 7, LRT-1 extension projects". GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
61. Barrow, Keith (September 12, 2014). "Manila LRT1 extension contract awarded". International Railway Journal. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
62. "PPP contract signed for Manila LRT 1 project". InfraPPP. October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
63. Cabacungan, Gil; Camus, Miguel (September 15, 2015). "LRT1 now under Ayala, Metro Pacific management". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
64. "Light Rail Manila Corp inks operation and maintenance contract with French firm RATP Dev for the LRT1 extension project". France in the Philippines and in Micronesia – Embassy of France in Manila. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
65. "Philippines: Manila LRT-1 Cavite Extension" (PDF). International Finance Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
66. Barrow, Keith (May 4, 2017). "Manila breaks ground on LRT 1 Cavite extension". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
67. Cordero, John Ted (May 4, 2017). "DOTr, LRMC break ground for LRT-1 Cavite extension project". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
68. Orellana, Faye (May 7, 2019). "Construction of LRT-1 Cavite extension begins". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
69. "Piling works for LRT-1 Cavite Extension begin". Philippine News Agency. September 2, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
70. "LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and Operation & Maintenance". ppp.gov.ph. Public-Private Partnership Center. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
71. Cabuag, VG (August 17, 2023). "Villar: PAVI wants to extend LRT-1 up to Silang in Cavite". BusinessMirror. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
72. "LRT-1 Cavite Extension features world-class construction technology". Wheels.ph. October 1, 2020.
73. "Alstom to supply an integrated metro solution to Manila". Alstom.com. February 12, 2016.
74. "Manila". RATP Dev.
75. "LRT-1 Cavite Extension moves closer to completion, celebrates new milestone". NationBuilder PH. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
76. Dela Cruz, Raymond Carl (February 7, 2022). "LRMC, contractor complete LRT-1 Cavite Extension viaduct". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
77. Abadilla, Emmie V. (April 13, 2023). "Phase1 LRT-1 Cavite Extension extension cost balloons due to delays". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
78. Gonzales, Anna Leah (June 7, 2024). "LRT-1 Cavite Extension to be completed by 2031". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
79. Cordero, Ted (July 4, 2018). "Tugade says LRT1 Cavite extension to be completed in 2021". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
80. Yu, Lance Spencer (December 20, 2023). "FAST FACTS: What's the LRT-1 Cavite Extension?". Rappler. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
81. Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (November 15, 2024). "Marcos inaugurates LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1; to open to public on Nov. 16". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
82. "Train Route". Light Rail Manila Corporation. August 4, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
83. Jose, Ashley Erika (August 12, 2024). "LRT-1 Cavite extension phases 2, 3 may start construction by 2026". BusinessWorld Online. Retrieved November 16, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
84. "Government urged to construct LRT station in Bagong Barrio" (Press release). Caloocan City Public Information Office. November 3, 2008. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
85. "Infrastructure Flagship Projects (IFPs) under the Build-Better-More Program" (PDF). Retrieved November 16, 2024.
86. "LRT-1 Train Service Hours". Light Rail Manila Corporation. August 26, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
87. "LRMC releases LRT-1 train schedule for 2022 Holy Week". Manila Standard. April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
88. Grecia, Leandre (December 21, 2021). "Here are the LRT-1, LRT-2, MRT-3 schedules for Christmas 2021". Top Gear Philippines. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
89. "Wala pong limit sa diameter ng wheels. Kaugnay naman po ng bagahe, hanggang 2 feet x 2 feet po ang maximum dimension na pinapayagan sa LRT-2". Twitter. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
90. Dedace, Sophia (November 18, 2009). "Bikes, trains, and fewer cars with LRT's Bike O2 project". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
91. #LRT1 Customer Advisory. March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
92. Salamat, Marya (October 14, 2014). "'Best to keep LRT1 run by public servants' — consumer groups". Bulatlat. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
93. Abadilla, Emmie V. (April 12, 2023). "10 regional airports up for sale - Bautista". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
94. Martin, Sammy (January 11, 2012). "Light rail transit sets new ridership record". The Manila Times. Retrieved January 9, 2022 – via PressReader.
95. Mercurio, Richmond (September 23, 2018). "LRT-1 posts record 14.63 million ridership in August".
96. Marsigan, Lorenz S. (May 24, 2018). "LRMC sees LRT 1 passengers increasing by 75% in 2021". BusinessMirror.
97. Light Rail Manila Corporation [@officialLRT1] (May 24, 2023). "Hi! The minute interval is not the train's arrival at the station but the interval of the train that departs at the end line. The train arrival will depend on your location which is every 5-6 minutes in every station. Thank you for your understanding. Ingat po sa biyahe!" (Tweet). Retrieved June 1, 2023 – via Twitter.
98. Rosales, Elijah Felice (August 29, 2024). "No budget allotment for LRT rehab in 2025". Philstar.com. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
99. "The Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (Phase I)". Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2006.
100. "Light Rail Transit Authority, Manila Philippines, Light Rail Vehicle". Kinki Sharyo. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
101. "MANILA LINE 1 LRV". www.caf.net. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
102. Cahiles, Gerg (December 30, 2019). "How the Rizal Day bombings changed the PH's security landscape". CNN Philippines. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
103. Razon, Evangeline M. (June 1998). "The Manila LRT System" (PDF). Japan Railway and Transport Review. 16: 38–39. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
104. Otaki, Tsutomu (2007). "The Commissioning – In Case of a Project in Manila" (PDF). KS World. 14. Kinki Sharyo: 12–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
105. "3rd Generation LRV Mock Up on Display". Light Rail Transit Authority. March 9, 2006. Archived from the original on April 24, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2006.
106. Olchondra, Riza T. (December 7, 2006). "'3G' trains to serve LRTA riders Dec. 11: More comfortable, safer rides assured for commuter". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
107. "CAF TO SUPPLY 30 LRVS TO MANILA (THE PHILIPPINES)". Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
108. Recuenco, Aaron (July 19, 2023). "New, state-of-the-art train sets await LRT-1 riders starting July 20". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
109. Ronda, Rainier Allan (August 15, 2003). "No more 'sweaty' LRT rides". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
110. "The Line 1 Rehabilitation I Project Phase 3 – Rolling Stock Rehabilitation". Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
111. Varella, Benjie (September 26, 2003). "Line 1 to have all air-conditioned trains by April". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on April 15, 2005. Retrieved April 7, 2006.
112. "LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (Phase II): Package B". Light Rail Transit Authority. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
113. officiallrt1 (April 23, 2021). "LRMC and DOST-MIRDC ink knowledge-sharing partnership on rail technology". Light Rail Manila Corporation. Retrieved April 12, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
114. "Construction works launched for LRT-1 Cavite extension". Railway Pro. May 10, 2019. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
115. "LRT Line 1 Expansion of Existing Depot at Baclaran". First Balfour. Retrieved December 3, 2021.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
116. Argosino, Faith (February 23, 2022). "Baclaran Depot of LRT-1 Cavite Extension project completed". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
117. Japan International Cooperation Agency; Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd.; ALMEC Corporation; Katahira & Engineers International; Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc. (July 2013). LRT LINE 1 CAVITE EXTENSION PROJECT (PDF). STUDY ON RAILWAY STRATEGY FOR ENHANCEMENT OF RAILWAY NETWORK SYSTEM IN METRO MANILA OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES - FINAL REPORT (Report). Vol. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
118. officialLRT1 (February 1, 2022). "LRMC completes upgrade of LRT-1 signalling system". Light Rail Manila Corporation. Retrieved February 2, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
119. Japan International Cooperation Agency; Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd.; ALMEC Corporation; Katahira & Engineers International; Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc. (July 2013). APPENDICES (PDF). STUDY ON RAILWAY STRATEGY FOR ENHANCEMENT OF RAILWAY NETWORK SYSTEM IN METRO MANILA OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES - FINAL REPORT - LRT LINE 1 CAVITE EXTENSION PROJECT (Report). Vol. 1. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
120. officiallrt1 (April 4, 2021). "LRMC increases LRT-1 speed to 60kph". Light Rail Manila Corporation. Retrieved April 25, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
121. "Amendatory and Restated Contract" (PDF). Project No. 2 Systematic Replacement of Gantry Anchor Bolts of I-RT 1 Revenue Line. Department of Transportation and Communications. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
122. "LRT 1 rail supplier targets to complete contract in November". Manila Bulletin. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022 – via Yahoo News Philippines.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
123. "Replacement of LRT 1 worn out steel rails to start next month". Manila Bulletin. November 13, 2014. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022 – via Yahoo News Philippines.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
124. Locsin, Joel (March 7, 2015). "LOOK: LRT-1 tracks replaced at Monumento station". GMA News. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
125. officialLRT1 (August 31, 2016). "LRMC commences 26-km rail replacement in LRT-1". Light Rail Manila Corporation. Retrieved November 10, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
126. "Systematic Rail Replacement - 26, 458 lm LRT1 Mainline Tracks". Joratech. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
127. Cordero, Ted (February 1, 2018). "LRMC to raise LRT1 train speed to 60 kph". GMA News. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
128. Tubeza, Philip (July 8, 2003). "Terrorist raps filed vs Asia's most wanted man". Inquirer. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 6, 2003.
129. "DOJ Indicts Asia's Most Wanted Terrorist in 2000 LRT Bombing". Department of Justice (Republic of the Philippines). July 7, 2003. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.
130. "Baclaran fire disrupts LRT operations". GMA News and Public Affairs. January 3, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
131. "LRT closes Baclaran station again". GMA News and Public Affairs. January 4, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
132. "LRT Baclaran terminal resumes operation; mall fire 'under control'". GMA News and Public Affairs. August 13, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
133. Dedace, Sophia (December 8, 2008). "LRT Line-1 trips disrupted – report". GMA News. GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
134. Castro, Doland (February 18, 2011). "2 LRT trains collide". ABS-CBN News. Quezon City, Metro Manila: ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
135. "Door problem disrupts LRT operations anew". GMA News and Public Affairs. April 15, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
136. "Lightning disrupts LRT-1 operations for 3 hours". GMA News and Public Affairs. June 21, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
137. Cayabyab, Zhander (August 30, 2012). "Woman commits suicide inside LRT station". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
138. "Glitch disrupts LRT-1 operations in Monumento". GMA News and Public Affairs. December 21, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
139. "Glitch isolates LRT-1's Roosevelt station". GMA News and Public Affairs. November 14, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
140. Gonzales, Yuji Vincent (May 23, 2015). "2 LRT trains collide due to technical glitch; at least 1 hurt". INQUIRER.net. South Caloocan, Metro Manila. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
141. Palma, Paola (May 23, 2015). "Minor collision disrupts LRT operation Saturday". CNN Philippines. Metro Manila. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
142. "LRT-1 train travels two stations with door open". CNN Philippines. March 11, 2016. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
143. Bajo, Ramil; Galupo, Rey (March 23, 2016). "LRT passengers trapped as LRT doors fail to open". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
144. People Trapped inside LRT and One Passed Out Because the Door Won't Open!. YouTube (video). Archived from the original on December 14, 2021.
145. Yee, Jovic (September 28, 2016). "LRT-1 door slams shut on passengers; no one hurt". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
146. Bajo, Anna Felicia (November 7, 2017). "Man ends up in ICU after foot got stuck in moving LRT train's door". GMA News. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
147. Bacungan, VJ (November 28, 2017). "WATCH: LRT-1 train runs with open door". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
148. Pascual, Jekki; Aquino, Lyza; Reyes, Isay (February 20, 2018). "LRT-1, MRT nagkaaberya, nagpababa ng mga pasahero". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
149. "Mga pasahero ng LRT-1 pinababa matapos magka-aberya". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). July 21, 2018. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
150. "YOU SHALL NOT PASS: Malfunctioning train door closes by itself, makes disembarking a challenge for commuters". Coconuts Manila. September 28, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
151. Galvez, Daphne (October 3, 2019). "Glitch stalls LRT-1's Monumento – Roosevelt operations". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
152. Marquez, Consuelo (November 6, 2020). "LRT-1 train catches fire in Pasay; management limits train ops". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
153. Marquez, Consuelo (November 6, 2020). "LRT-1 resumes regular operations after technical woes at Gil Puyat Station". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
154. "LRT1 ops temporarily affected by train glitch; normal ops resumed —LRMC". GMA News. April 4, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
155. Cua, Aric John Sy (February 17, 2023). "LRT-1 operations limited after electrical problems". The Manila Times. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
156. 25kph speed restriction has been put in place from Baclaran to Roosevelt. Twitter. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
157. A stop for safety has been put in place from Baclaran to Roosevelt. Twitter. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
158. Limited operations of LRT-1. Twitter. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
159. Resumed operations. Twitter. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
160. Argosino, Faith (June 25, 2024). "Police clarifies woman lost consciousness, fell onto LRT 1 tracks". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
161. Mendoza, John Eric (October 25, 2024). "LRT 1: Limited operations on Friday morning due to fallen tree". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 26, 2024.

External links

• Media related to LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila) at Wikimedia Commons
• The LRT Line 1 System
• Light Rail Manila Corporation