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Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 3 November 1996, with a second round on 29 December 1996.[1] The election followed the impeachment of incumbent President Albert Zafy and the appointment of his interim successor, Norbert Ratsirahonana.
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In the first round, former President Didier Ratsiraka took first place with 36.6% of the vote with a turnout of 58.41%.[2] However, as he failed to win more than 50% of the vote, a second round was held, in which Zafy, who had been able to run despite his impeachment, was the sole alternative.[3] LEADER-Fanilo candidate Herizo Razafimahaleo, who took third place with 15.1%, backed Ratsiraka for the second round.[4] Ratsirahonana, the acting President and Prime Minister, who stood as a candidate and received fourth place with 10.1% of the vote,[5] backed Zafy.[3]
In the second round, Ratsiraka achieved a narrow victory. On 6 January 1997, Zafy alleged that vote rigging and irregularities had occurred.[6] Final results confirming Ratsiraka's victory were announced by the High Constitutional Court on 31 January,[7] and he was sworn in on 9 February.[8]
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Didier Ratsiraka | AREMA | 1,321,388 | 36.61 | 1,608,321 | 50.71 | |
Albert Zafy | National Union for Development and Democracy | 844,459 | 23.39 | 1,563,137 | 49.29 | |
Herizo Razafimahaleo | Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery | 546,211 | 15.13 | |||
Norbert Ratsirahonana | Judged by Your Work Party | 365,896 | 10.14 | |||
Richard Andriamanjato | Party of the Independence Congress of Madagascar - Renewal | 178,352 | 4.94 | |||
Jean Eugène Voninahitsy | Independent | 100,652 | 2.79 | |||
Alain Ramaroson | Independent | 55,930 | 1.55 | |||
Guy Willy Razanamasy | Confederation of Civil Societies for Development | 42,873 | 1.19 | |||
Jérôme Marojama Razanabahiny | Independent | 32,812 | 0.91 | |||
Tovonanahary Rabetsitonta | Action and Reflection Group for the Development of Madagascar | 32,518 | 0.90 | |||
Philippe Rakotovao | Independent | 28,777 | 0.80 | |||
Evariste Vazaha | Independent | 16,071 | 0.45 | |||
Albert Andriamanana | Independent | 15,202 | 0.42 | |||
Charles Ramanantsoa | Independent | 15,160 | 0.42 | |||
Désiré Rakotoarijaona | Independent | 13,488 | 0.37 | |||
Total | 3,609,789 | 100.00 | 3,171,458 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 3,609,789 | 95.76 | 3,171,458 | 95.79 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 159,834 | 4.24 | 139,444 | 4.21 | ||
Total votes | 3,769,623 | 100.00 | 3,310,902 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 6,453,612 | 58.41 | 6,667,192 | 49.66 | ||
Source: EISA, Nohlen et al.[9] |
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