List of majority-minority United States congressional districts

A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.

Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).

List of districts

African-American

Majority

Population data are from 2021 American Community Survey and 2020 census population estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.^[1]

Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Shri Thanedar from Michigan's 13th.

Congressional districts with African-American majorities

Rank	Perc.	State	District	118th Congress	Total 2019	Afric. Amer.
3[2]	60.3%	Tennessee	TN-09	Steve Cohen (non-Black)	767,682	574,437
2[3]	62.1%	Mississippi	MS-02	Bennie Thompson	723,186	549,830
6[4]	63.4%	Alabama	AL-07	Terri Sewell	670,015	419,256
4[5]	58.6%	Louisiana	LA-02	Troy Carter	762,623	589,929
5[6]	54.5%	Georgia	GA-04	Hank Johnson	756,440	585,951
7[7]	58.5%	Georgia	GA-05	Nikema Williams	788,996	436,884
1[8]	66.7%	Georgia	GA-13	David Scott	763,561	566,875
8[9]	57%	South Carolina	SC-06	Jim Clyburn	665,215	361,328
10[10]	56.3%	Illinois	IL-02	Robin Kelly	685,695	383,058
11[11]	55.6%	Michigan	MI-13	Shri Thanedar (non-Black)	672,291	363,772
12[12]	55%	New York	NY-08	Hakeem Jeffries	776,825	403,080
13[13]	54%	Pennsylvania	PA-03	Dwight Evans	741,654	418,050
14[14]	53.8%	Maryland	MD-07	Kweisi Mfume	717,158	376,343
16[15]	53.4%	Florida	FL-20	Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick	802,463	424,842
17[16]	52.9%	Maryland	MD-04	Glenn Ivey	746,989	578,752
15[17]	53.5%	Ohio	OH-11	Shontel Brown	684,617	362,284
19[18]	51.6%	Georgia	GA-02	Sanford Bishop	671,831	354,964
20[19]	51.3%	Illinois	IL-01	Jonathan Jackson	711,039	359,132
18[20]	52.7%	New Jersey	NJ-10	Donald Payne Jr.	768,400	594,109
21[21]	50.6%	Florida	FL-24	Frederica Wilson	756,692	593,543
22[22]	50.5%	New York	NY-09	Yvette Clarke	720,316	336,566

Plurality

• Illinois's 7th congressional district
• Missouri's 1st congressional district
• New York's 5th congressional district
• North Carolina's 1st congressional district
• Virginia's 3rd congressional district
• Texas's 30th congressional district

Asian and Pacific Islander

Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.

Congressional districts with Asian-American majorities or pluralities

Rank	Perc.	State	District	Member	Total 2019	Asian Amer.
1[23]	52.7%	California	CA-17	Ro Khanna	790,519	439,547
2[24]	50.2%	Hawaii	HI-01	Ed Case (non-Asian)	720,786	364,354
3	39.4%	New York	NY-06	Grace Meng	714,299	281,433

Hispanic and Latino

Majority

As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts.

Congressional districts with Hispanic/Latino majorities

Rank	Perc.	State	District	118th Congress	Total 2020	Hispanic or Latino
1	87.2%	California	CA-40	Lucille Roybal-Allard	715,934	624,294
2	84.5%	Texas	TX-34	Vicente Gonzalez	712,596	602,428
3	82.5%	Texas	TX-15	Monica de la Cruz	787,124	649,297
4	81.5%	Texas	TX-16	Veronica Escobar	757,427	617,465
5	78.9%	Texas	TX-28	Henry Cuellar	851,824	672,129
6	78.7%	California	CA-34	Jimmy Gomez	654,303	515,167
7	76.0%	Texas	TX-29	Sylvia Garcia	677,032	514,861
8	75.4%	California	CA-38	Linda Sánchez	641,410	483,490
9	73.5%	Illinois	IL-04	Jesús "Chuy" García	601,156	442,018
10	51.6%	Texas	TX-27	Michael Cloud (Non Hispanic/Latino)	741,993	543,306
11	71.6%	Florida	FL-25	Mario Díaz-Balart	807,176	577,998
12	71.5%	Texas	TX-20	Joaquin Castro	711,705	509,208
14	69.5%	California	CA-35	Norma Torres	764,643	531,426
15	69.5%	California	CA-44	Nanette Barragan	717,140	500,426
16	68.9%	Florida	FL-27	Maria Elvira Salazar	750,653	517,199
17	68.5%	California	CA-51	Juan Vargas	757,891	473,224
18	68.2%	California	CA-29	Tony Cardenas	717,659	489,443
19	68.2%	California	CA-31	Pete Aguilar	611,336	417,183
20	67.3%	Florida	FL-26	Carlos Gimenez	780,951	525,580
21	66.9%	Texas	TX-33	Marc Veasey (Non Hispanic/Latino)	751,182	502,540
22	66.4%	Texas	TX-23	Tony Gonzales	847,651	562,913
23	66.1%	New York	NY-15	Ritchie Torres	731,101	483,258
24	66.0%	California	CA-46	Lou Correa	734,651	484,869
25	62.6%	California	CA-32	Grace Napolitano	642,236	412,275
26	61.6%	Arizona	AZ-03	Raúl Grijalva	698,314	446,159
27	61.1%	Texas	TX-35	Lloyd Doggett (Non Hispanic/Latino)	857,654	524,712
28	59.3%	California	CA-16	Jim Costa (Non Hispanic/Latino)	753,152	446,619
29	58.1%	California	CA-41	Mark Takano (Non Hispanic/Latino)	786,719	457,083
30	56.0%	Arizona	AZ-07	Ruben Gallego	855,769	479,014
31	52.7%	New Jersey	NJ-08	Albio Sires	766,357	403,870
32	52.1%	California	CA-20	Jimmy Panetta (Non Hispanic/Latino)	741,838	386,497
33	51.8%	New Mexico	NM-02	Gabe Vasquez	663,956	343,856
34	51.2%	California	CA-21	David Valadao (Non Hispanic/Latino)	784,176	401,194

Plurality

• California's 9th congressional district
• California's 16th congressional district
• California's 18th congressional district
• California's 19th congressional district
• California's 22nd congressional district
• California's 36th congressional district
• California's 37th congressional district
• California's 39th congressional district
• California's 43rd congressional district
• California's 47th congressional district
• Illinois's 3rd congressional district
• Nevada's 1st congressional district
• New Mexico's 1st congressional district
• New Mexico's 3rd congressional district
• New York's 7th congressional district
• New York's 13th congressional district
• New York's 14th congressional district
• Texas's 9th congressional district
• Texas's 18th congressional district

White plurality (majority-minority)

• Arizona's 1st congressional district
• California's 3rd congressional district
• California's 6th congressional district
• California's 8th congressional district
• California's 10th congressional district
• California's 11th congressional district
• California's 12th congressional district
• California's 13th congressional district
• California's 14th congressional district
• California's 15th congressional district
• California's 23rd congressional district
• California's 25th congressional district
• California's 26th congressional district
• California's 42nd congressional district
• Florida's 9th congressional district
• Florida's 10th congressional district
• Florida's 14th congressional district
• Florida's 23rd congressional district
• Georgia's 7th congressional district
• Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
• Maryland's 5th congressional district
• Maryland’s 8th congressional district
• Massachusetts's 7th congressional district
• Nevada's 4th congressional district
• New Jersey's 6th congressional district
• New Jersey's 9th congressional district
• New Jersey's 12th congressional district
• New York's 16th congressional district
• North Carolina's 12th congressional district
• Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district
• Texas's 2nd congressional district
• Texas's 5th congressional district
• Texas's 7th congressional district
• Texas's 22nd congressional district
• Texas's 32nd congressional district
• Virginia's 11th congressional district
• Washington's 9th congressional district
• Wisconsin's 4th congressional district

See also

• Majority minority
• Race in the United States
• Voting Rights Act

References

1. "Diving into District Data: What the Latest Census Numbers Tell Us". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
2. "My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
3. "My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
4. "My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
5. "My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
6. "My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
7. "My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
8. "My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
9. "My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
10. "My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
11. "My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
12. "My Congressional District: New York's 8th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
13. "My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
14. "My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
15. "My Congressional District: Florida's 20th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
16. "My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
17. "My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
18. "My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
19. "My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
20. "My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
21. "My Congressional District: Florida's 24th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
22. "My Congressional District: New York's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
23. "My Congressional District: California's 17th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
24. "My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.

External links

• Use of Racial Data in Redistricting - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota Legislature Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems
• Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law
• Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment
• Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases
• The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts
• Redrawing Lines of Power: Redistricting 2011 Making Contact, produced by the National Radio Project, April 12, 2011