Isotopes of lutetium

Naturally occurring lutetium (₇₁Lu) is composed of one stable isotope ¹⁷⁵Lu (97.41% natural abundance) and one long-lived radioisotope, ¹⁷⁶Lu with a half-life of 37 billion years (2.59% natural abundance). Forty radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable, besides ¹⁷⁶Lu, being ¹⁷⁴Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years, and ¹⁷³Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being ^177mLu (t_1/2 160.4 days), ^174mLu (t_1/2 142 days) and ^178mLu (t_1/2 23.1 minutes).

Isotopes of lutetium (₇₁Lu)

Main isotopes[1] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 173Lu synth 1.37 y ε 173Yb 174Lu synth 3.31 y β+ 174Yb 175Lu 97.4% stable 176Lu 2.60% 3.701×1010 y β− 176Hf ε[1]0.45% 176Yb 177Lu synth 6.65 d β− 177Hf
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Lu)
	174.96669±0.00005[2] 174.97±0.01 (abridged)[3]
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The known isotopes of lutetium range in mass number from 149 to 190. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁷⁵Lu, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before ¹⁷⁵Lu are isotopes of ytterbium and the primary products after are isotopes of hafnium. All isotopes of lutetium are either radioactive or, in the case of ¹⁷⁵Lu, observationally stable, meaning that ¹⁷⁵Lu is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.^[4]

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 5]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
	Excitation energy[n 5]							Normal proportion	Range of variation
149Lu[5]	71	78		450+170 −100 ns	p	148Yb	11/2−
150Lu	71	79	149.97323(54)#	43(5) ms	p (80%)	149Yb	(2+)
					β+ (20%)	150Yb
150mLu	34(15) keV			80(60) μs [30(+95−15) μs]	p	149Yb	(1, 2)
151Lu	71	80	150.96757682	80.6(5) ms	p (63.4%)	150Yb	(11/2−)
					β+ (36.6%)	151Yb
151mLu	77(5) keV			16(1) μs	p	150Yb	(3/2+)
152Lu	71	81	151.96412(21)#	650(70) ms	β+ (85%)	152Yb	(5−, 6−)
					β+, p (15%)	151Tm
153Lu	71	82	152.95877(22)	0.9(2) s	α (70%)	149Tm	11/2−
					β+ (30%)	153Yb
153m1Lu	80(5) keV			1# s	IT	153Lu	1/2+
153m2Lu	2502.5(4) keV			>0.1 μs	IT	153Lu	23/2−
153m3Lu	2632.9(5) keV			15(3) μs	IT	153m2Lu	27/2−
154Lu	71	83	153.95752(22)#	1# s	β+?	154Yb	(2−)
					α?	150Tm
154m1Lu	58(13) keV			1.12(8) s	β+	154Yb	(9+)
					β+p?	153Tm
					β+α?	150Er
					α?	150Tm
154m2Lu	>2562 keV			35(3) μs	IT	154Lu	(17+)
155Lu	71	84	154.954316(22)	68.6(16) ms	α (76%)	151Tm	(11/2−)
					β+ (24%)	155Yb
155m1Lu	20(6) keV			138(8) ms	α (88%)	151Tm	(1/2+)
					β+ (12%)	155Yb
155m2Lu	1781.0(20) keV			2.70(3) ms			(25/2−)
156Lu	71	85	155.95303(8)	494(12) ms	α (95%)	152Tm	(2)−
					β+ (5%)	156Yb
156mLu	220(80)# keV			198(2) ms	α (94%)	152Tm	(9)+
					β+ (6%)	156Yb
157Lu	71	86	156.950098(20)	6.8(18) s	β+	157Yb	(1/2+, 3/2+)
					α	153Tm
157mLu	21.0(20) keV			4.79(12) s	β+ (94%)	157Yb	(11/2−)
					α (6%)	153Tm
158Lu	71	87	157.949313(16)	10.6(3) s	β+ (99.09%)	158Yb	2−
					α (.91%)	154Tm
159Lu	71	88	158.94663(4)	12.1(10) s	β+ (99.96%)	159Yb	1/2+#
					α (.04%)	155Tm
159mLu	100(80)# keV			10# s			11/2−#
160Lu	71	89	159.94603(6)	36.1(3) s	β+	160Yb	2−#
					α (10−4%)	156Tm
160mLu	0(100)# keV			40(1) s
161Lu	71	90	160.94357(3)	77(2) s	β+	161Yb	1/2+
161mLu	166(18) keV			7.3(4) ms	IT	161Lu	(9/2−)
162Lu	71	91	161.94328(8)	1.37(2) min	β+	162Yb	(1−)
162m1Lu	120(200)# keV			1.5 min	β+	162Yb	4−#
					IT (rare)	162Lu
162m2Lu	300(200)# keV			1.9 min
163Lu	71	92	162.94118(3)	3.97(13) min	β+	163Yb	1/2(+)
164Lu	71	93	163.94134(3)	3.14(3) min	β+	164Yb	1(−)
165Lu	71	94	164.939407(28)	10.74(10) min	β+	165Yb	1/2+
166Lu	71	95	165.93986(3)	2.65(10) min	β+	166Yb	(6−)
166m1Lu	34.37(5) keV			1.41(10) min	β+ (58%)	166Yb	3(−)
					IT (42%)	166Lu
166m2Lu	42.9(5) keV			2.12(10) min			0(−)
167Lu	71	96	166.93827(3)	51.5(10) min	β+	167Yb	7/2+
167mLu	0(30)# keV			>1 min			1/2(−#)
168Lu	71	97	167.93874(5)	5.5(1) min	β+	168Yb	(6−)
168mLu	180(110) keV			6.7(4) min	β+ (95%)	168Yb	3+
					IT (5%)	168Lu
169Lu	71	98	168.937651(6)	34.06(5) h	β+	169Yb	7/2+
169mLu	29.0(5) keV			160(10) s	IT	169Lu	1/2−
170Lu	71	99	169.938475(18)	2.012(20) d	β+	170Yb	0+
170mLu	92.91(9) keV			670(100) ms	IT	170Lu	(4)−
171Lu	71	100	170.9379131(30)	8.24(3) d	β+	171Yb	7/2+
171mLu	71.13(8) keV			79(2) s	IT	171Lu	1/2−
172Lu	71	101	171.939086(3)	6.70(3) d	β+	172Yb	4−
172m1Lu	41.86(4) keV			3.7(5) min	IT	172Lu	1−
172m2Lu	65.79(4) keV			0.332(20) μs			(1)+
172m3Lu	109.41(10) keV			440(12) μs			(1)+
172m4Lu	213.57(17) keV			150 ns			(6−)
173Lu	71	102	172.9389306(26)	1.37(1) y	EC	173Yb	7/2+
173mLu	123.672(13) keV			74.2(10) μs			5/2−
174Lu	71	103	173.9403375(26)	3.31(5) y	β+	174Yb	(1)−
174m1Lu	170.83(5) keV			142(2) d	IT (99.38%)	174Lu	6−
					EC (.62%)	174Yb
174m2Lu	240.818(4) keV			395(15) ns			(3+)
174m3Lu	365.183(6) keV			145(3) ns			(4−)
175Lu	71	104	174.9407718(23)	Observationally stable[n 9]			7/2+	0.9741(2)
175m1Lu	1392.2(6) keV			984(30) μs			(19/2+)
175m2Lu	353.48(13) keV			1.49(7) μs			5/2−
176Lu[n 10][n 11]	71	105	175.9426863(23)	3.701(17)×1010 y	β−	176Hf	7−	0.0259(2)
					EC (0.45(26)%)[1]	176Yb
176mLu	122.855(6) keV			3.664(19) h	β− (99.9%)	176Hf	1−
					EC (.095%)	176Yb
177Lu	71	106	176.9437581(23)	6.6475(20) d	β−	177Hf	7/2+
177m1Lu	150.3967(10) keV			130(3) ns			9/2−
177m2Lu	569.7068(16) keV			155(7) μs			1/2+
177m3Lu	970.1750(24) keV			160.44(6) d	β− (78.3%)	177Hf	23/2−
					IT (21.7%)	177Lu
177m4Lu	3900(10) keV			7(2) min [6(+3−2) min]			39/2−
178Lu	71	107	177.945955(3)	28.4(2) min	β−	178Hf	1(+)
178mLu	123.8(26) keV			23.1(3) min	β−	178Hf	9(−)
179Lu	71	108	178.947327(6)	4.59(6) h	β−	179Hf	7/2(+)
179mLu	592.4(4) keV			3.1(9) ms	IT	179Lu	1/2(+)
180Lu	71	109	179.94988(8)	5.7(1) min	β−	180Hf	5+
180m1Lu	13.9(3) keV			~1 s	IT	180Lu	3−
180m2Lu	624.0(5) keV			≥1 ms			(9−)
181Lu	71	110	180.95197(32)#	3.5(3) min	β−	181Hf	(7/2+)
182Lu	71	111	181.95504(21)#	2.0(2) min	β−	182Hf	(0,1,2)
183Lu	71	112	182.95736(9)	58(4) s	β−	183Hf	(7/2+)
184Lu	71	113	183.96103(22)#	20(3) s	β−	184Hf	(3+)
185Lu	71	114	184.96354(32)#	20# s			7/2+#
186Lu	71	115	185.96745(43)#	6# s
187Lu	71	116	186.97019(43)#	7# s			7/2+#
188Lu	71	117	187.97443(43)#	1# s
189Lu[6]	71	118
190Lu[7]	71	119
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mLu – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
5. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
6. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   p:	Proton emission

7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷¹Tm
10. primordial radionuclide
11. Used in lutetium-hafnium dating

Lutetium-177

Main article: Lutetium (¹⁷⁷Lu) chloride

Lutetium (¹⁷⁷Lu) chloride, sold under the brand name Lumark among others, is used for radiolabeling other medicines, either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical radio-imaging). Its most common side effects are anaemia (low red blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), leucopenia (low white blood cell counts), lymphopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss.^[8][9]

References

1. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2024.
3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.
5. Auranen, K. (16 March 2022). "Nanosecond-Scale Proton Emission from Strongly Oblate-Deformed 149Lu". Physical Review Letters. 128 (11): 2501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.128k2501A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.112501. PMID 35363028. S2CID 247855967.
6. Haak, K.; Tarasov, O. B.; Chowdhury, P.; et al. (2023). "Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt". Physical Review C. 108 (34608): 034608. Bibcode:2023PhRvC.108c4608H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608. S2CID 261649436.
7. Tarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 132 (072501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.
8. "Lumark EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
9. "EndolucinBeta EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.