Louis, Count of Vermandois

Louis de Bourbon, Légitimé de France, Count of Vermandois, born Louis de La Blaume Le Blanc, also known as Louis de/of Vermandois (2 October 1667 – 18 November 1683) was a French nobleman, illegitimate but legitimised son of Louis XIV, King of France by his mistress, Louise de La Vallière. He died exiled and disgraced at the age of 16, unmarried and without issue.

Louis
Count of Vermandois
Born	Louis de La Blaume Le Blanc (1667-10-02)2 October 1667 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Kingdom of France
Died	18 November 1683(1683-11-18) (aged 16) Flanders
Burial	Arras Cathedral
House	Bourbon
Father	Louis XIV, King of France
Mother	Louise de La Vallière

Early life

The Count of Vermandois and his sister Mademoiselle de Blois on Louis-Édouard Rioult's 1839 copy of a 17th century painting.^[1]

Louis de La Blaume Le Blanc was born on 2 October 1667 at the Castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 2 October 1667 to Louise de La Blaume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (1644–1710). His father was his unmarried mother's long-time lover, Louis XIV, King of France (1638–1715).^[2][3] His parents had been in an extramarital affair for about 6 years by then, but their relationship was nearing its end.^[4] They had had 4 children together, only one of whom, the already legitimised Marie-Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois (1666–1739) was still alive when La Blaume Le Blanc was born.^[3] He was named after his father.

At the age of 2, in 1669, La Blaume Le Blanc was legitimised,^[5] given the surname de Bourbon (of Bourbon), as opposed to the surname de France (of France) borne by his legitimate half-siblings. He was also created Count of Vermandois (comte de Vermandois) and appointed Admiral of France (Amiral de France).^[6]

The parents of the Count of Vermandois

His father, Louis XIV on a 1670 engraving by Robert Nanteuil

His mother, Louise de La Vallière, on a contemporary painting attributed to Pierre Mignard I

Life with the Orléans family

The Duchess of Orléans on a 1675 portrait by Pierre Mignard I

In 1674, when Vermandois was 7 years old, his mother entered a Carmelite convent in Paris, and from then on, he saw very little of her.^{[citation needed]} He was entrusted to the care of his aunt (the wife of his paternal uncle, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans [1640–1701]), born Princess Elizabeth Charlotte "Liselotte" of the Palatinate (1652–1722), known at court as Madame or Madame Palatine. He lived with the Orléans family in the Palais-Royal in Paris, and became close with his aunt, despite her well-known disdain for the king's "bastards".^{[citation needed]}

The Chevalier de Lorraine

The Duke of Orléans was infamous for being effeminate and practicing le vice italien ("the Italian vice"), being homosexual or bisexual.^[7] He had children from both of his arranged marriages but had many male (and possibly also some female^[8]) lovers before and during them.^[9] One of these lovers was Philippe of Lorraine (1643–1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine ("Knight of Lorraine"), a man described as having an attractive face and a sharp mind, but also being "insinuating, brutal and devoid of scruple", as well as being "as greedy as a vulture".^[10] The young count became involved with the knight and his circle, which included among others François-Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon (later titular king of Poland and prince of Conti; 1644–1709). He joined a secret group of young aristocrats called La Sainte Congregation des Glorieux Pédérastes ("Holy Congregation of Glorious Pederasts").^[11]

When the king learned of his son's involvement with the duke's circles, he exiled the Chevalier de Lorraine and several other members of the "congregation".^[11] He reprimanded his son and decided to send him away from the royal court. It was suggested that 15-year-old Vermandois should be married as soon as possible to cover up the scandal, possibly to 6-year-old Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon, Mademoiselle d'Enghien (1676–1753), the daughter of Henri-Jules, Duke of Enghien (later Prince of Condé; 1643–1709).

Exile and death

In June 1682, Vermandois was exiled to Normandy. Others were exiled, too, including the Prince de La Roche-sur-Yon (nephew of the Prince de Condé), the Prince de Turenne, the Marquis de Créquy, the Chevalier de Sainte-Maure, the Chevalier de Mailly, and the Comte de Roucy.^[12] Hoping to mend the relationship between father and son, his aunt Madame suggested that he be sent as a soldier to Flanders, then under French occupation. Agreeing with his sister-in-law, the king sent his son to the Siege of Kortrijk, where Vermandois soon fell ill. He was advised by a doctor that he should return to Lille and recover, but, desperate for his father's love, he remained on the battlefield. He died in Flanders on 18 November 1683, and was buried in the Arras Cathedral. His aunt and sister greatly mourned his death, while his father reportedly did not shed a tear. His mother, by then a Carmelite nun under the name of Sœur Louise de la Miséricordie ("Sister Louise of Grace"), was still obsessed with the sin of her affair with the king and said upon hearing the news of his son's death, "I ought to weep for his birth far more than his death".^[13]

It was later^[when?] suggested^{[by whom?]} that he might have been the Man in the Iron Mask, which could not be true as the unidentified prisoner died in 1703.^{[clarification needed]}

Ancestry

Ancestors of Louis, Count of Vermandois

16. Antoine of Navarre 8. Henry IV of France 17. Jeanne III of Navarre 4. Louis XIII of France 18. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 9. Marie de' Medici 19. Joanna of Austria 2. Louis XIV of France 20. Philip II of Spain 10. Philip III of Spain 21. Anna of Austria 5. Anne of Austria 22. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria 11. Margaret of Austria 23. Maria Anna of Bavaria 1. Louis, Count of Vermandois 24. Laurent Le Blanc, seigneur de La Vallière 12. Jean de La Baume Le Blanc, baron de la Papelardière 25. Marie Adam de la Gasserie 6. Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc, seigneur de La Vallière 26. Jacques de Beauvau, seigneur du Rivau 13. Françoise de Beauvau 27. Françoise Le Picard du Boille 3. Louise de La Vallière 28. Jean le Provost, Ecuyer, seigneur de la Rue en Guel 14. Jean Le Prévost, seigneur de la Coutelaye 29. Francoise Fious 7. Françoise Le Prévost 30. Philippe Martin de Mauroy, chevalier et seigneur de la Garde 15. Elisabeth Martin de Mauroy 31. Francoise Van Den Werne

References

• Biography portal
• Europe portal

1. "Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais –". photo.rmn.fr. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
2. Bluche, François (16 November 2005). Dictionnaire du Grand Siècle 1589–1715 (in French). Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-62144-9.
3. Petitfils, Jean-Christian (1 June 2011). Louse de La Vallière (in French). Tempus Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-03649-2.
4. Fraser, Antonia (2010-06-25). Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King. Doubleday Canada. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-385-67251-1.
5. Riley 2001, p. 106.
6. Rowlands 2002, p. 343.
7. Crompton, Louis (31 October 2006). Homosexuality & Civilization. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-674-02233-1.
8. Mitford, Nancy (1 January 1969). The Sun King. Sphere Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-0722161401.
9. Aldrich, Robert; Wotherspoon, Garry, eds. (21 February 2003). Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History. Ruthledge. ISBN 978-0-415-15983-8.
10. van der Cruysse, Dirk (1988). Madame Palatine, princesse européenne (in French). Paris: Fayard. p. 165. ISBN 978-2-213-02200-0.
11. Crompton 2009, p. 340.
12. Hibbert, Christopher, Versailles (New York: Newsweek, 1972), p. 61.
13. Love and Louis XIV by Lady Antonia Fraser

Sources

• Crompton, Louis (2009). Homosexuality and Civilization. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03006-0.
• Riley, Philip F. (2001). A Lust for Virtue: Louis XIV's Attack on Sin in Seventeenth-century France. Greenwood Publishing.
• Rowlands, Guy (2002). The Dynastic State and the Army under Louis XIV: Royal Service and Private Interest, 1661-1701. Cambridge University Press.

Louis, Count of Vermandois House of Bourbon Born: October 2 1667 Died: November 18 1683
French nobility
Vacant Merged into the crown Title last held by Eleanor	Count of Vermandois 1669–1683	Succeeded by None
Preceded by César de Bourbon	Admiral of France 1669–1683	Succeeded by Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon